Conclusion

The conclusion discusses the best practises across the world to achieve the goals of sustainable development through the contemporary developments in the interdisciplinary studies with an aim to achieve an efficient legal regime, conducive to the specific legal, economic, scientific and political scenario in India. It arrives at the possibility of attaining sustainable development through seeking balance, consensus and agreement in order to manage the contradictions of development so that natural resources, scientific invention and cultural resources are both the means and the end of this inter-related process.

Bioremediation

The study demonstrates bioremediation as an approach for petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and this pollution is major problem worldwide especially in developing countries like India. Microbial degradation of crude oil components is reported in various chapters, but novelty of this chapter is that the present scenario for oil spill management in India is also discussed in it along with use of microbes in the field of bioremediation, combination of this two is rarely found. This combination will help society to find out way for development of clean and sustainable environment. This chapter throws light on biodegradation as efficient, economic, and eco-friendly treatment. It is prepared for broader readership as language of this paper is very easy to understand. It is subject of many research investigations/thrust areas of research and real-world applications and forms the basis for emergent field of bioremediation.

Role of Satellite Technology in Oceanic Study

The three-fourth surface of the earth is covered with ocean. The study of the ocean is important for sustainable overall development of a nation and world at large in view of it being rich in resources and playing a crucial role in the climate of the region and changes associated with it. The space-based observations assume significance, as it provides synoptic and repetitive coverage of the ocean in contrast to the sparse and isolated in-situ buoy or ship observations. The remote sensing of the ocean with the help of satellite or satellite oceanography has many other applications also. The electromagnetic radiation in the visible, near infrared, thermal infrared, and microwave regions are used by the sensors on-board space platforms to measure the diverse physical, biological, and geological parameters of the ocean. Amongst the various electromagnetic regions, the microwave region plays an important role in the study of the ocean.

Sustainable Development and Marine Environment

The principle of sustainable development is closely connected to the marine environment. It is accepted as a fundamental principle which has to be taken into consideration while carrying out the activities relating to the development of marine environment and other associated activities. This concept is inevitable for balancing developmental activities and conservation of the marine resources. In the era of globalization, this principle has become more relevant for the technological advancement, infrastructure, welfare of the sea man, fishing communities and biodiversity. The instrumental provisions and policies adopted at international and national level require full adherence with the result that principle of sustainable development is fully implemented in the area of marine resources.

Commercial and Legal Sustainability of Contract Farming in Gujarat

The chapter discusses that there is a strong need to formalize agriculture and make farmers a beneficiary of the end market opportunities. Contract farming attempts to bring in possibilities of organizing the agricultural sector by carving commercial, financial, and technological partnerships with farmers in the commodity value chain. Contract farming has been introduced in the Indian states following the enactment of the model APMC Act of 2005.The success of contract farming with commercial exuberance and regulatory safeguards will help realize the dream of the Millennium Development Goals of reducing the world poverty by half. This chapter attempts to find the success and sustainability of formal agriculture over informal agriculture through empirically evident parameters and it critically examines the present regulatory framework’s efficacy to safeguard the interest of the most prominent actor in the commodity value chain—the farmer.

Paradox of Sustainable Development

The chapter argues that political parties have to incorporate the idea of sustainable development in their manifesto itself. The goals of sustainable development cannot be achieved if the political parties themselves are not committed to it. The goals of sustainability can only be achieve if sustainability is truly integrated into core party values. No major work in the area has been done in India so far. This paper is an attempt to analyse the constitutions and rule of the major national political party while also particularly analysing the manifesto as published from time to time, to examine whether they have, and if yes then how have, they addressed the subject of environment and sustainability. The scope of the analysis of the manifesto mainly focuses on the 2014 election manifestos, as the 2014 election was the most recent election constituting the 16th Lok Sabha (house of representatives).

Sustainable Development, CBD, and IPR

One of the landmark outcomes of Earth Summit was the ‘Convention on Biological Diversity’ which calls upon parties to conserve and sustainably use biological diversity while equitably sharing the benefits of the use of genetic resources. The chapter explores the role of IPR to achieve sustainability. This chapter further provides a study of the development of the concept of Sustainable Development as a tool to meet the social need and will analyse recent position—how can IPR be a handy tool to achieve the objective mentioned under CBD and Nagoya Protocol with the help of TRIPS Agreement. It primarily discusses interlinks and conflicts between the provisions of CBD and IPRs. The chapter argues that Indian policymakers have a crucial but tough role in ensuring that the IPR policies and practices and the need of conservation of biodiversity stands mutually supportive to each other.

Introduction

The Introduction discusses the problems in the path of development and the need for the analysis of interdisciplinary approaches and perspectives to the sustainable development agenda and debates in India and abroad. The debate on sustainable development is particularly charged in the context of developing countries because the agreements formed at the international forums are far from being implemented fully in developing countries due to the fact that social, economic, and political problems are rampant there and this concern remains the central focus in this book. It also points out the gap among current policy and sustainable development.

E-Waste Management

In the modern world, waste management and especially e-waste management is one of the big challenges to tackle for any country. With the boom in technological innovations in electronic industry, the waste in the form of electronic goods has increased exponentially and it is considered to be the largest mounting waste stream in the world. Globalization of e-waste, partly due to demand and partly in terms of e-waste shipment to developing countries by developed countries has created adverse environmental and health implications. Hence, it has become utmost important for policymakers to develop robust e-waste management system as well as allied policies and regulations. This chapter analyses present status, various initiatives, actions, and regulatory frameworks incorporated by various developed and developing countries to combat giant threat of e-waste and recommendations have been given in terms of strategic actions for India to tackle e-waste in an effective manner.

Patents

Patents provide incentives to the individuals; in particular, the inventors deserve recognition for their creativity and material reward for their marketable inventions. The incentives encourage innovation, which ensures that the quality of human life is enhanced. The protection stimulates research, which results in technological development. The chapter seeks to analyse in detail the importance of patents from an economic perspective and exploring the paradigm of its social costs and benefits. It also illustrates the co-relation between sustainable development and patents. Sustainable human development can be achieved by green and ecofriendly technology, which is vital to ensure global growth, taking into consideration the needs of the poorest countries, while enhancing the performance of advanced economies. In this backdrop, patents are a dominant factor due to their key role in encouraging technological innovation as well as research and development.