Assessment of the GHG Reduction Potential from Energy Crops Using a Combined LCA and Biogeochemical Process Models: A Review

The main purpose for developing biofuel is to reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, but the comprehensive environmental impact of such fuels is not clear. Life cycle analysis (LCA), as a complete comprehensive analysis method, has been widely used in bioenergy assessment studies. Great efforts have been directed toward establishing an efficient method for comprehensively estimating the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential from the large-scale cultivation of energy plants by combining LCA with ecosystem/biogeochemical process models. LCA presents a general framework for evaluating the energy consumption and GHG emission from energy crop planting, yield acquisition, production, product use, and postprocessing. Meanwhile, ecosystem/biogeochemical process models are adopted to simulate the fluxes and storage of energy, water, carbon, and nitrogen in the soil-plant (energy crops) soil continuum. Although clear progress has been made in recent years, some problems still exist in current studies and should be addressed. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art method for estimating GHG emission reduction through developing energy crops and introduces in detail a new approach for assessing GHG emission reduction by combining LCA with biogeochemical process models. The main achievements of this study along with the problems in current studies are described and discussed.

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Criteria and Decision Support for A Sustainable Choice of Alternative Marine Fuels

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12093623 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. 3623

Author(s):

Karin Andersson ◽

Selma Brynolf ◽

Julia Hansson ◽

Maria Grahn

Keyword(s):

Decision Support ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Propulsion Systems ◽

Good Decision ◽

Life Cycle Perspective ◽

Ghg Reduction ◽

Energy Conversion Systems

To reach the International Maritime Organization, IMO, vision of a 50% greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction by 2050, there is a need for action. Good decision support is needed for decisions on fuel and energy conversion systems due to the complexity. This paper aims to get an overview of the criteria types included in present assessments of future marine fuels, to evaluate these and to highlight the most important criteria. This is done using a literature review of selected scientific articles and reports and the authors’ own insights from assessing marine fuels. There are different views regarding the goal of fuel change, what fuel names to use as well as regarding the criteria to assess, which therefore vary in the literature. Quite a few articles and reports include a comparison of several alternative fuels. To promote a transition to fuels with significant GHG reduction potential, it is crucial to apply a life cycle perspective and to assess fuel options in a multicriteria perspective. The recommended minimum set of criteria to consider when evaluating future marine fuels differ somewhat between fuels that can be used in existing ships and fuels that can be used in new types of propulsion systems.

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Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Energy Communities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en12234440 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 4440 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wouter Schram ◽

Atse Louwen ◽

Ioannis Lampropoulos ◽

Wilfried van Sark

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Reduction Potentials ◽

Emission Reduction Potential ◽

Energy Sharing

In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a country: the GHG emission reduction potential is highest in countries that currently have high hourly emission factors. GHG emission reduction potentials are highest in southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy) and lowest in countries with a high share of nuclear energy (Belgium, France). Hence, from a European GHG emission reduction perspective, it has most impact to install PV in countries that currently have a fossil-fueled electricity mix and/or have high solar irradiation. Lastly, we have seen that energy sharing leads to an increased GHG emission reduction potential in all countries, because it leads to higher PV capacities.

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EVALUATION OF CAPABILITY OF CARBON FOOTPRINT REDUCTION FROM GRAIN MAIZE CULTIVATION

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.3065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol XX (4) ◽

pp. 217-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomasz Żyłowski ◽

Aleksandra Król ◽

Jerzy Kozyra

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Emission Sources ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Emission Reduction Potential ◽

Maize Cultivation

The aim of the study is to assess the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas (GC) emissions in the cultivation of maize for grain using the method combining carbon footprint (CF) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The analysis used survey data from 32 farms. The quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions with a breakdown into the main emission sources was presented, and then the possibilities of limiting the level of GHG emission in these farms were determined. The emission reduction potential for the analyzed farms was specified in the range from 94 to 1,047 kg CO2-eq/ha (from 3.3 to 33.4%).

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Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.6.1.29-36 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Agus Haryanto ◽

Dwi Cahyani ◽

Sugeng Triyono ◽

Fauzan Murdapa ◽

Dwi Haryono

Keyword(s):

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Economic Benefit ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Emission Reduction Potential ◽

Good Potential ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

The objective of this research was to evaluate economic benefit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester. Research was conducted at two villages in Lampung Province, namely Marga Lestari, District of South Lampung and Pesawaran Indah, District of Pesawaran. Economic benefit and GHG emission reduction potential were evaluated from LPG saving due to biogas utilisation for cooking and fertilizer substitution by slurry digestate. Results showed that a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester demonstrated a good potential to reduce GHG emission, but not in economic. A digester with 4 heads of cow produced biogas at a rate of 1582 L/day. With average methane content of 53.6%, energy value of the biogas was equivalent to 167 kg LPG and able to substitute 52 bottles LPG annually. A family-scale biogas contributed 108.1 USD/year and potentially reduced GHG emission by 5292.5 kg CO2e/year resulted from biomethane potential, LPG, and fertilizer savings.Article History: Received November 15th 2016; Received in revised form January 16th 2017; Accepted February 2nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Cahyani, D., Triyono, S., Murdapa, F., and Haryono, D. (2017) Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6(1), 29-36.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.29-36

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Theoretical calculation of biogas production and greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of livestock, poultry and slaughterhouse waste in Bangladesh

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jece.2021.105204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 105204

Author(s):

Sk. Yasir Arafat Siddiki ◽

M.N. Uddin ◽

M. Mofijur ◽

I.M.R. Fattah ◽

Hwai Chyuan Ong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Calculation ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Gas Emission ◽

Emission Reduction Potential ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

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The potential of bio-methane as bio-fuel/bio-energy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions: a qualitative assessment for Europe in a life cycle perspective

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2008.039 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (11) ◽

pp. 1683-1692 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Andrea Tilche ◽

Michele Galatola

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Energy Crops ◽

Qualitative Assessment ◽

Potential Contribution ◽

Ghg Reduction

Anaerobic digestion is a well known process that (while still capable of showing new features) has experienced several waves of technological development. It was “born” as a wastewater treatment system, in the 1970s showed promise as an alternative energy source (in particular from animal waste), in the 1980s and later it became a standard for treating organic-matter-rich industrial wastewater, and more recently returned to the market for its energy recovery potential, making use of different biomasses, including energy crops. With the growing concern around global warming, this paper looks at the potential of anaerobic digestion in terms of reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The potential contribution of anaerobic digestion to GHG reduction has been computed for the 27 EU countries on the basis of their 2005 Kyoto declarations and using life cycle data. The theoretical potential contribution of anaerobic digestion to Kyoto and EU post-Kyoto targets has been calculated. Two different possible biogas applications have been considered: electricity production from manure waste, and upgraded methane production for light goods vehicles (from landfill biogas and municipal and industrial wastewater treatment sludges). The useful heat that can be produced as by-product from biogas conversion into electricity has not been taken into consideration, as its real exploitation depends on local conditions. Moreover the amount of biogas already produced via dedicated anaerobic digestion processes has also not been included in the calculations. Therefore the overall gains achievable would be even higher than those reported here. This exercise shows that biogas may considerably contribute to GHG emission reductions in particular if used as a biofuel. Results also show that its use as a biofuel may allow for true negative GHG emissions, showing a net advantage with respect to other biofuels. Considering also energy crops that will become available in the next few years as a result of Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform, this study shows that biogas has the potential of covering almost 50% of the 2020 biofuel target of 10% of all automotive transport fuels, without implying a change in land use. Moreover, considering the achievable GHG reductions, a very large carbon emission trading “value” could support the investment needs. However, those results were obtained through a “qualitative” assessment. In order to produce robust data for decision makers, a quantitative sustainability assessment should be carried out, integrating different methodologies within a life cycle framework. The identification of the most appropriate policy for promoting the best set of options is then discussed.

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The Opportunities and Challenges of Chinese Renewable Energy Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Trade

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.2094 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1010-1012 ◽

pp. 2094-2101

Author(s):

Long Xi Han ◽

Jia Jia Zhai ◽

Lin Zhang

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Emission Reduction ◽

Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽

Carbon Trading ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

Trading System ◽

Trading Market ◽

The Future ◽

The Impact

The opportunities and challenges in the field of Chinese renewable energy were analyzed through the impact of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction trade, especially CDM on Chinese renewable energy, combined with the enhancement of awareness of voluntary emission reduction, relationship between emission reduction trade and renewable energy, changes in the international trade environment and the rise of the domestic trading system. It is suggested that the renewable energy industry integrates with GHG emission reduction trading system in China and explores the huge double benefit of emission reduction and income increase with market means, providing a reference for the smooth implementation of nationwide CN ETS including varies industries in the carbon trading market in the future, and striving for the speaking right for China to set the marketing price of international GHG emission reduction trading in the future.

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Abatement cost for selectivity negative emissions technology in power plant Indonesia with aim/end-use model

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/894/1/012011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 894 (1) ◽

pp. 012011

Author(s):

Z D Nurfajrin ◽

B Satiyawira

Keyword(s):

Emission Reduction ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Reduction Potential ◽

Abatement Cost ◽

Energy Sector ◽

Cost Curve ◽

Baseline Scenario ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Ghg Emission ◽

End Use

Abstract The Indonesian government has followed up the Paris Agreement with Law No. 16 of 2016 by setting an ambitious emission reduction target of 29% by 2030, and this figure could even increase to 41% if supported by international assistance. In line with this, mitigation efforts are carried out in the energy sector. Especially in the energy sector, it can have a significant impact when compared to other sectors due to an increase in energy demand, rapid economic growth, and an increase in living standards that will push the rate of emission growth in the energy sector up to 6. 7% per year. The bottom-up AIM/end-use energy model can select the technologies in the energy sector that are optimal in reducing emissions and costs as a long-term strategy in developing national low-carbon technology. This model can use the Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) approach to evaluate the potential for GHG emission reductions by adding a certain amount of costs for each selected technology in the target year compared to the reference technology in the baseline scenario. In this study, three scenarios were used as mitigation actions, namely CM1, CM2, CM3. The Abatement Cost Curve tools with an assumed optimum tax value of 100 USD/ton CO2eq, in the highest GHG emission reduction potential, are in the CM3 scenario, which has the most significant reduction potential, and the mitigation costs are not much different from other scenarios. For example, PLTU – supercritical, which can reduce a significant GHG of 37.39 Mtoe CO2eq with an emission reduction cost of -23.66 $/Mtoe CO2eq.

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