scholarly journals Criteria and Decision Support for A Sustainable Choice of Alternative Marine Fuels

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3623
Author(s):  
Karin Andersson ◽  
Selma Brynolf ◽  
Julia Hansson ◽  
Maria Grahn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Good Decision ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems

To reach the International Maritime Organization, IMO, vision of a 50% greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction by 2050, there is a need for action. Good decision support is needed for decisions on fuel and energy conversion systems due to the complexity. This paper aims to get an overview of the criteria types included in present assessments of future marine fuels, to evaluate these and to highlight the most important criteria. This is done using a literature review of selected scientific articles and reports and the authors’ own insights from assessing marine fuels. There are different views regarding the goal of fuel change, what fuel names to use as well as regarding the criteria to assess, which therefore vary in the literature. Quite a few articles and reports include a comparison of several alternative fuels. To promote a transition to fuels with significant GHG reduction potential, it is crucial to apply a life cycle perspective and to assess fuel options in a multicriteria perspective. The recommended minimum set of criteria to consider when evaluating future marine fuels differ somewhat between fuels that can be used in existing ships and fuels that can be used in new types of propulsion systems.

scholarly journals Assessment of the GHG Reduction Potential from Energy Crops Using a Combined LCA and Biogeochemical Process Models: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Mengmeng Hao ◽  
Jingying Fu ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Yaohuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Biogeochemical Process ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Ghg Reduction

The main purpose for developing biofuel is to reduce GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, but the comprehensive environmental impact of such fuels is not clear. Life cycle analysis (LCA), as a complete comprehensive analysis method, has been widely used in bioenergy assessment studies. Great efforts have been directed toward establishing an efficient method for comprehensively estimating the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential from the large-scale cultivation of energy plants by combining LCA with ecosystem/biogeochemical process models. LCA presents a general framework for evaluating the energy consumption and GHG emission from energy crop planting, yield acquisition, production, product use, and postprocessing. Meanwhile, ecosystem/biogeochemical process models are adopted to simulate the fluxes and storage of energy, water, carbon, and nitrogen in the soil-plant (energy crops) soil continuum. Although clear progress has been made in recent years, some problems still exist in current studies and should be addressed. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art method for estimating GHG emission reduction through developing energy crops and introduces in detail a new approach for assessing GHG emission reduction by combining LCA with biogeochemical process models. The main achievements of this study along with the problems in current studies are described and discussed.

scholarly journals Abatement cost for selectivity negative emissions technology in power plant Indonesia with aim/end-use model

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012011
Author(s):  
Z D Nurfajrin ◽  
B Satiyawira
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Abatement Cost ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Cost Curve ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
End Use

Abstract The Indonesian government has followed up the Paris Agreement with Law No. 16 of 2016 by setting an ambitious emission reduction target of 29% by 2030, and this figure could even increase to 41% if supported by international assistance. In line with this, mitigation efforts are carried out in the energy sector. Especially in the energy sector, it can have a significant impact when compared to other sectors due to an increase in energy demand, rapid economic growth, and an increase in living standards that will push the rate of emission growth in the energy sector up to 6. 7% per year. The bottom-up AIM/end-use energy model can select the technologies in the energy sector that are optimal in reducing emissions and costs as a long-term strategy in developing national low-carbon technology. This model can use the Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) approach to evaluate the potential for GHG emission reductions by adding a certain amount of costs for each selected technology in the target year compared to the reference technology in the baseline scenario. In this study, three scenarios were used as mitigation actions, namely CM1, CM2, CM3. The Abatement Cost Curve tools with an assumed optimum tax value of 100 USD/ton CO2eq, in the highest GHG emission reduction potential, are in the CM3 scenario, which has the most significant reduction potential, and the mitigation costs are not much different from other scenarios. For example, PLTU – supercritical, which can reduce a significant GHG of 37.39 Mtoe CO2eq with an emission reduction cost of -23.66 $/Mtoe CO2eq.

scholarly journals The green-house gas (GHG) emission’s reduction mechanisms for biofuels in the European legislation

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Philippe Dusser
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Reduction Mechanisms ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Emission Reduction Target ◽  
The Eu

GHG reductions are a major focus of the EU policy. Several regulations have been set in order to meet the EU commitments under the Paris Agreement with an overall reduction of 40% from 1990 level. For the transport sector which is responsible for around 20% of the total GHG emissions, the GHG reductions obligations have been translated by i) reinforced GHG reduction thresholds for biofuels into the recast Renewable Energy Directive RED II; ii) an ambitious target of 30% GHG emission reduction target from 2005 level in the Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) common to “non-ETS sector” (not covered by the Emission Trading System – ETS) as agriculture, building, waste… and transport. Furthermore, other EU regulations directed to Cars, Vans as well as Heavy Duty Vehicles set GHG emission reduction targets for new vehicle up to 2030. Finally, in its communication “A Clean Planet for All” the EU Commission describes A Strategy for 2050 to achieve a carbon neutral economy. This article addresses also the case of the German “GHG quota” which is a national support system for biofuels and as such is parallel to the European obligations stemming from the RED II renewable energy mandates that are to be met by Germany.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Energy Communities

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 4440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Schram ◽  
Atse Louwen ◽  
Ioannis Lampropoulos ◽  
Wilfried van Sark
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Reduction Potentials ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Energy Sharing

In this research, the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potentials of electric vehicles, heat pumps, photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries were determined in eight different countries: Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. Also, the difference between using prosuming electricity as a community (i.e., energy sharing) and prosuming it as an individual household was calculated. Results show that all investigated technologies have substantial GHG emission reduction potential. A strong moderating factor is the existing electricity generation mix of a country: the GHG emission reduction potential is highest in countries that currently have high hourly emission factors. GHG emission reduction potentials are highest in southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy) and lowest in countries with a high share of nuclear energy (Belgium, France). Hence, from a European GHG emission reduction perspective, it has most impact to install PV in countries that currently have a fossil-fueled electricity mix and/or have high solar irradiation. Lastly, we have seen that energy sharing leads to an increased GHG emission reduction potential in all countries, because it leads to higher PV capacities.

scholarly journals Study on Relationship between DAK Forestry Program and GHG Reduction Target in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Joko Tri Haryanto
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Significant Alignment ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Presidential Decree ◽  
Target Set ◽  
The Government ◽  
Emission Reduction Target

It has been agreed that forestry is a key sector in the effort to tackle global warming. The government has demonstrated actual commitment to reduce GHG emissions by 26% with their own budget and by 41% with international financing. This commitment is set forth in Presidential Decree No. 61 Year 2011. This regulation indicates that one of the largest emitters is the forestry sector. The government has already allocated Specific Allocation Fund (DAK) Forestry in the State Budget annually to support forest rehabilitation. Despite the relatively small amount, the fund allocation is increasing significantly each year. The question is how the allocation for DAK Forestry can be synchronized with the GHG emission reduction target set forth in Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. For that reason, this study has been conducted in order to analyze the conformity of DAK Forestry funding with the emission reduction targets set forth in Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011. By using qualitative descriptive statistical approach, it is known that the use of DAK Forestry fund as from 2010 to 2014 has had a significant alignment in support of GHG emission reduction target set forth in Presidential Decree No. 61 of 2011.

EVALUATION OF CAPABILITY OF CARBON FOOTPRINT REDUCTION FROM GRAIN MAIZE CULTIVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Żyłowski ◽  
Aleksandra Król ◽  
Jerzy Kozyra
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivation

The aim of the study is to assess the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas (GC) emissions in the cultivation of maize for grain using the method combining carbon footprint (CF) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The analysis used survey data from 32 farms. The quantitative assessment of greenhouse gas emissions with a breakdown into the main emission sources was presented, and then the possibilities of limiting the level of GHG emission in these farms were determined. The emission reduction potential for the analyzed farms was specified in the range from 94 to 1,047 kg CO2-eq/ha (from 3.3 to 33.4%).

Climate funds could boost Africa's economic prospects

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Opportunity ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
Average Irradiance

Subject Outlook for climate change support for Africa. Significance Global temperatures will likely rise by 2.7-3.4 degrees centigrade from pre-industrial levels, even if states adhere to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction pledges under the Paris Agreement. Africa will be especially vulnerable, with higher disease burdens and food insecurity probable. However, substantial funding commitments linked to Paris may present a development opportunity. Impacts South Africa's decision to reduce energy procurement from independent producers will slow investment in renewables. Global networks of cities such as C40 will set voluntary GHG reduction targets for metropolitan governments. Coastal communities will be at risk from sea level rises, given the absence of adequate protective infrastructure. Africa's high average irradiance per day (4-6 kilowatt hours per square metre) will appeal to investors in solar energy systems.

scholarly journals Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Dwi Cahyani ◽  
Sugeng Triyono ◽  
Fauzan Murdapa ◽  
Dwi Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Reduction Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Ghg Emission ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Emission Reduction Potential ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

The objective of this research was to evaluate economic benefit and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction potential of a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester. Research was conducted at two villages in Lampung Province, namely Marga Lestari, District of South Lampung and Pesawaran Indah, District of Pesawaran. Economic benefit and GHG emission reduction potential were evaluated from LPG saving due to biogas utilisation for cooking and fertilizer substitution by slurry digestate. Results showed that a family-scale anaerobic cowdung biogas digester demonstrated a good potential to reduce GHG emission, but not in economic. A digester with 4 heads of cow produced biogas at a rate of 1582 L/day. With average methane content of 53.6%, energy value of the biogas was equivalent to 167 kg LPG and able to substitute 52 bottles LPG annually. A family-scale biogas contributed 108.1 USD/year and potentially reduced GHG emission by 5292.5 kg CO2e/year resulted from biomethane potential, LPG, and fertilizer savings.Article History: Received November 15th 2016; Received in revised form January 16th 2017; Accepted February 2nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Haryanto, A., Cahyani, D., Triyono, S., Murdapa, F., and Haryono, D. (2017) Economic Benefit and Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of A Family-Scale Cowdung Anaerobic Biogas Digester. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 6(1), 29-36.http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.1.29-36

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