scholarly journals Downregulation of Transketolase Activity Is Related to Inhibition of Hippocampal Progenitor Cell Proliferation Induced by Thiamine Deficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Zhao ◽  
Yiying Wu ◽  
Haolu Hu ◽  
Jinghui Cai ◽  
Min Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Hippocampal Neurogenesis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Transketolase Activity ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dose Dependent

In animal experiments, hippocampal neurogenesis and the activity of thiamine-dependent transketolase decrease markedly under conditions of thiamine deficiency. To further investigate the effect of thiamine deficiency on the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells (HPCs) and the potential mechanisms involved in this effect, we cultured HPCs in vitro in the absence of thiamine and found that proliferation and transketolase activity were both significantly repressed. Furthermore, specific inhibition of transketolase activity by oxythiamine strongly inhibited HPC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. However, thiamine deficiency itself inhibited the proliferation to a greater degree than did oxythiamine. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of transketolase activity might be one of the mechanisms by which thiamine regulates the proliferation of hippocampal progenitor cells.

scholarly journals Suppressive effects in vivo of purified recombinant human H-subunit (acidic) ferritin on murine myelopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Broxmeyer ◽  
DE Williams ◽  
K Geissler ◽  
G Hangoc ◽  
S Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Purified recombinant human heavy-chain (acidic) ferritin (rHF) was assessed in vivo in mice for effects on the proliferation (percentage of cells in S-phase) and absolute numbers of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells in the femur and spleen and on the nucleated cells in the marrow, spleen, and blood. rHF significantly decreased cycling rates and absolute numbers of marrow and splenic hematopoietic progenitors and marrow and blood nucleated cellularity. These effects were apparent in BDF1, C3H/Hej and DBA/2 mice and were dose dependent, time related, and reversible. Suppressive effects were noted within three hours for progenitor cell cycling, within 24 hours for progenitor cell numbers, and within 48 hours for circulating neutrophils. Additionally, hematopoietic progenitor cells in DBA/2 mice infected with the polycythemia-inducing strain of the Friend virus complex (FVC-P) were insensitive to the in vivo administration of rHF. These studies demonstrate activity of rHF in vivo on myelopoiesis of normal but not FVC-P-infected mice. Since rHF suppresses hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation from normal donors in vitro and from normal mice in vitro and in vivo but does not suppress progenitor cells from patients with leukemia in vitro or from mice with FVC-P-infection in vitro or in vivo, rHF may be useful as a candidate adjunct molecule for the protection of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells during chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Suppressive effects in vivo of purified recombinant human H-subunit (acidic) ferritin on murine myelopoiesis

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
HE Broxmeyer ◽  
DE Williams ◽  
K Geissler ◽  
G Hangoc ◽  
S Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Purified recombinant human heavy-chain (acidic) ferritin (rHF) was assessed in vivo in mice for effects on the proliferation (percentage of cells in S-phase) and absolute numbers of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), erythroid (BFU-E), and multipotential (CFU-GEMM) progenitor cells in the femur and spleen and on the nucleated cells in the marrow, spleen, and blood. rHF significantly decreased cycling rates and absolute numbers of marrow and splenic hematopoietic progenitors and marrow and blood nucleated cellularity. These effects were apparent in BDF1, C3H/Hej and DBA/2 mice and were dose dependent, time related, and reversible. Suppressive effects were noted within three hours for progenitor cell cycling, within 24 hours for progenitor cell numbers, and within 48 hours for circulating neutrophils. Additionally, hematopoietic progenitor cells in DBA/2 mice infected with the polycythemia-inducing strain of the Friend virus complex (FVC-P) were insensitive to the in vivo administration of rHF. These studies demonstrate activity of rHF in vivo on myelopoiesis of normal but not FVC-P-infected mice. Since rHF suppresses hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation from normal donors in vitro and from normal mice in vitro and in vivo but does not suppress progenitor cells from patients with leukemia in vitro or from mice with FVC-P-infection in vitro or in vivo, rHF may be useful as a candidate adjunct molecule for the protection of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells during chemotherapy.

scholarly journals Insulin is essential for in vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal progenitor cells and influences chondrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Mueller ◽  
Torsten Blunk ◽  
Bernhard Appel ◽  
Angelika Maschke ◽  
Achim Goepferich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

scholarly journals TGF-β1 Induces the Dual Regulation of Hepatic Progenitor Cells with Both Anti- and Proliver Fibrosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ting Yang ◽  
Dou-Dou Hu ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Min Cong ◽  
Tian-Hui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hepatic Progenitor Cells ◽  
Serum Aminotransferase ◽  
Dose Dependent

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in hepatic progenitor cells- (HPCs-) mediated liver repair and fibrosis. However, different effects of TGF-β1 on progenitor cells have not been described. In this study, both in vitro (HPCs cocultured with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in transwells) and in vivo (CCl4-injured liver fibrosis rat) systems were used to evaluate the impacts. We found that HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 12 hours inhibited the activation of HSCs, while sensitization for 48 hours increased the activation of HSCs. Consistent with these in vitro results, the in vivo fibrosis rat model showed the same time-dependent dual effect of TGF-β1. Regression of liver fibrosis as well as normalization of serum aminotransferase and albumin levels was detected in the rats transplanted with HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 12 hours. In contrast, severe liver fibrosis and elevated collagen-1 levels were detected in the rats transplanted with HPCs pretreated with TGF-β1 for 48 hours. Furthermore, the TGF-β1-pretreated HPCs were shown to deactivate HSCs via enhancing SERPINE1 expression. Inhibition of SERPINE1 reversed the deactivation response in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Leptin Stimulates the Proliferation of Murine Myelocytic and Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

Blood ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 3438-3443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Umemoto ◽  
Kohichiro Tsuji ◽  
Feng-Chun Yang ◽  
Yasuhiro Ebihara ◽  
Azusa Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitors ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Abstract Leptin, the product of obese gene, was originally identified as a factor regulating body-weight homeostasis and energy balance. The present study has shown that leptin acts on murine hematopoiesis in vitro. In the culture of bone marrow cells (BMC) of normal mice, leptin induced only granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony formation in a dose-dependent manner, and no other types of colonies were detected even in the presence of erythropoietin (Epo). Leptin also induced GM colony formation from BMC of db/db mutant mice whose leptin receptors were incomplete, but the responsiveness was significantly reduced. The effect of leptin on GM colony formation from BMC of normal mice was also observed in serum-free culture, and comparable with that of GM-colony–stimulating factor (CSF ). Although leptin alone supported few colonies from BMC of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)–treated mice in serum-free culture, remarkable synergism between leptin and stem cell factor (SCF ) was obtained in the colony formation. The addition of leptin to SCF enhanced the SCF-dependent GM colony formation and induced the generation of a number of multilineage colonies in the presence of Epo. When lineage (Lin)−Sca-1+ cells sorted from BMC of 5-FU–treated mice were incubated in serum-free culture, leptin synergized with SCF in the formation of blast cell colonies, which efficiently produced secondary colonies including a large proportion of multilineage colonies in the replating experiment. In serum-free cultures of clone-sorted Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1+ and Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1− cells, although synergism of leptin and SCF was observed in the colony formation from both cells, leptin alone induced the colony formation from Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1−, but not Lin−c-Kit+Sca-1+ cells. These results have shown that leptin stimulates the proliferation of murine myelocytic progenitor cells and synergizes with SCF in the proliferation of primitive hematopoietic progenitors in vitro.

Erythropoietin regulates endothelial progenitor cells

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferdinand H. Bahlmann ◽  
Kirsten de Groot ◽  
Jens-Michael Spandau ◽  
Aimee L. Landry ◽  
Barbara Hertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractCirculating bone marrow–derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote vascular reparative processes and neoangiogenesis, and their number in peripheral blood correlates with endothelial function and cardiovascular risk. We tested the hypothesis that the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates EPCs in humans. We studied 11 patients with renal anemia and 4 healthy subjects who received standard doses of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO). Treatment with rhEPO caused a significant mobilization of CD34+/CD45+ circulating progenitor cells in peripheral blood (measured by flow cytometry), and increased the number of functionally active EPCs (measured by in vitro assay) in patients (week 2, 312% ± 31%; week 8, 308% ± 40%; both P < .01 versus baseline) as well as in healthy subjects (week 8, 194% ± 15%; P < .05 versus baseline). The effect on EPCs was already observed with an rhEPO dose of about 30 IU/kg per week. Administration of rhEPO increased the number of functionally active EPCs by differentiation in vitro in a dose-dependent manner, assessed in cell culture and by tube formation assay. Furthermore, rhEPO activates the Akt protein kinase pathway in EPCs. Erythropoietin increases the number of functionally active EPCs in humans. Administration of rhEPO or EPO analogs may open new therapeutic strategies in regenerative cardiovascular medicine.

Oxygenation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the final reaction for aldosterone biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Kojima ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inano ◽  
Bun-ichi Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Preparation ◽  
Final Reaction ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract. Incubation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with the sonicated mitochondrial preparation of bovine adrenal glomerulosa tissue leads to the production of aldosterone, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The in vitro production of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone requires both molecular oxygen and NADPH, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as metyrapone, SU 8000. SU 10603, SKF 525A, amphenone B and spironolactone decrease the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These results support the conclusion that the final reaction in aldosterone synthesis from 18-hydroxycorticosterone is catalyzed by an oxygenase, but not by 18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By the same preparation, the production of [3H]aldosterone but not [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone from [1,2-3H ]corticosterone is decreased in a dose-dependent manner by addition of non-radioactive 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

Appraisal of Immunological Impacts of Melaleuca leucadendra Extract over Macrophage Performance in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Level Production ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra ◽  
Phagocytic Killing

This trial research was performed to discuss the immune-influence of Melaleuca leucadendra ‘paper-bark tree’ dried leaves which is an important medical plant known in many regions in the world. The leaves were dissolved in a mixture of (ethanol + water) (3:1) mixture, then filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain leaves extract. The macrophages of blood derived origin were provided from rats and mixed with three different leaves extracts doses in tissue culture plates and incubated then stained with fluorescent acridine orange and examined under fluorescent microscope to assess the phagocytic and killing potency. The wells contents were aspirated and assayed for nitric oxide and interleukin-2 levels. The results displayed an obvious increase in phagocytic, killing performance as well as nitric oxide and IL-2 level production than control in a dose dependent manner. The obtained results suggested the immune-stimulant impact of the paper-bark tree leaves.

Bone Marrow Niches for Skeletal Progenitor Cells and their Inhabitants in Health and Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marietta Herrmann ◽  
Franz Jakob
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Bone Marrow Niches

The bone marrow hosts skeletal progenitor cells which have most widely been referred to as Mesenchymal Stem or Stromal Cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous population of adult stem cells possessing the potential for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. A consensus agreement on minimal criteria has been suggested to define MSCs in vitro, including adhesion to plastic, expression of typical surface markers and the ability to differentiate towards the adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages but they are critically discussed since the differentiation capability of cells could not always be confirmed by stringent assays in vivo. However, these in vitro characteristics have led to the notion that progenitor cell populations, similar to MSCs in bone marrow, reside in various tissues. MSCs are in the focus of numerous (pre)clinical studies on tissue regeneration and repair.Recent advances in terms of genetic animal models enabled a couple of studies targeting skeletal progenitor cells in vivo. Accordingly, different skeletal progenitor cell populations could be identified by the expression of surface markers including nestin and leptin receptor. While there are still issues with the identity of, and the overlap between different cell populations, these studies suggested that specific microenvironments, referred to as niches, host and maintain skeletal progenitor cells in the bone marrow. Dynamic mutual interactions through biological and physical cues between niche constituting cells and niche inhabitants control dormancy, symmetric and asymmetric cell division and lineage commitment. Niche constituting cells, inhabitant cells and their extracellular matrix are subject to influences of aging and disease e.g. via cellular modulators. Protective niches can be hijacked and abused by metastasizing tumor cells, and may even be adapted via mutual education. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on bone marrow skeletal progenitor cell niches in physiology and pathophysiology. We discuss the plasticity and dynamics of bone marrow niches as well as future perspectives of targeting niches for therapeutic strategies.

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