scholarly journals Possible Mechanism of Action of the Antiallergic Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Heliotropium indicum L. in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Conjunctivitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
George Asumeng Koffuor ◽  
Paul Ramkissoon ◽  
Samuel Abokyi ◽  
Osei Owusu-Afriyie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Antiallergic Effect ◽  
Heliotropium Indicum ◽  
Specific Igg

Heliotropium indicum is used traditionally as a remedy for conjunctivitis in Ghana. This study therefore evaluated the antiallergic potential of an aqueous whole plant extract of Heliotropium indicum (HIE) in ovalbumin-induced allergic conjunctivitis and attempted to predict its mode of action. Clinical scores for allergic conjunctivitis induced by intraperitoneal ovalbumin sensitization (100 : 10 μg OVA/Al(OH)3 in phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]) and topical conjunctival challenge (1.5 mg OVA in 10 μL PBS) in Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were estimated after a week’s daily treatment with 30–300 mg kg−1 HIE, 30 mg kg−1 prednisolone, 10 mg kg−1 chlorpheniramine, or 10 mL kg−1 PBS. Ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgE and total IgE in serum were estimated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Histopathological assessment of the exenterated conjunctivae was also performed. The 30 and 300 mg kg−1 HIE treatment resulted in a significantly (p≤0.001) low clinical score of allergic conjunctivitis. Ovalbumin-specific IgG and IgE as well as total serum IgE also decreased significantly (p≤0.01–0.001). The conjunctival tissue in HIE treated guinea pigs had mild mononuclear infiltration compared to the PBS-treated ones, which had intense conjunctival tissue inflammatory infiltration. HIE exhibited antiallergic effect possibly by immunomodulation or immunosuppression.

scholarly journals Serum Immunoglobulin E Levels in Patients with Allergic Conjunctivitis and Contact Lens Wearers

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-155
Author(s):  
Ozlem Gurses Sahin ◽  
Nusret Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
Allergic Conjunctivitis ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulin ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin

Aim: To determine the differences between total and serum-specific immunoglobulin E levels in patients with type 1 allergic conjunctivitis and asymptomatic contact lens wearers. The correlation of total serum immunoglobulin E level of asymptomatic contact lens wearers with contact lens wearing time, and total duration of contact lens use was also evaluated.Methods: This was a case-control study involving 25 asymptomatic contact lens wearers, 25 patients with type 1 allergic conjunctivitis, and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Total serum immunoglobulin E levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum-specific IgE analysis against the listed indoor, food, and outdoor allergens were studied by immunofluorescence assay for participants whose total serum immunoglobulin E levels were >100 IU/mL. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlations were used for bivariate analysis. Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level.Results: The mean level of total serum immunoglobulin E was greater for patients with type 1 allergic conjunctivitis than for contact lens wearers and controls. Serum-specific immunoglobulin E detected in patients with type 1 allergic conjunctivitis was against indoor, food, and outdoor allergens, while serum-specific immunoglobulin E detected in contact lens wearers was only against outdoor allergens. A statistically significant correlation was found for total serum immunoglobulin E levels of contact lens wearers with contact lens wearing time.Conclusions: These results suggest that differences in serum total and specific immunoglobulin E levels exist between patients with type 1 allergic conjunctivitis and CL wearers and controls. Further research in a larger group of patients is needed to validate these findings.

PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND COAGULATION IV. EFFECT OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Christine E. Rice ◽  
Paul Boulanger ◽  
P. J. G. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Complement Activity

To determine whether liver injury would result in a parallel decline in the complement titer and coagulative properties of the blood, groups of guinea pigs were given series of injections of the liver poison, carbon tetrachloride. Marked fatty degeneration of the liver, a decline in total serum protein and albumin, a decrease in complement activity, and a prolongation of coagulation time was observed in the treated animals. A general relationship was noted between the albumin-globulin ratio and the complement titer of the serum and between the complement titer and the coagulation time of the plasma.

scholarly journals Total serum IgE and parasite: specific IgG and IgA antibodies in human strongyloidiasis

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio L. Rossi ◽  
Emilia E. H. Takahashi ◽  
Cláudia D. Partel ◽  
Lívia G.V.L. Teodoro ◽  
Luiz J. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Serum Ige ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Specific Igg Antibodies

Total serum IgE, and Strongyloides - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were studied in 27 patients with parasitologically proven strongyloidiasis. Clinical manifestations in this case series were investigated by a restrospective study of the patient's records. Total serum IgE levels were elevated (greater than 250 IU/ml) in 59% of the patients (mean concentration = 1364 IU/ml). Parasite - specific IgG and IgA antibodies were detected by ELISA in the serum of 23 (85.2%) and 21 (77.8%) patients, respectively. Elevated serum IgE and clinical manifestations were not useful indexes of the presence of strongyloidiasis. On the other hand, our results support the view that serologic tests, particularly ELISA for detecting Strongyloides - specific IgG antibodies, can be usefully exploited for diagnostic purposes in strongyloidiasis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Zaireebolavirus–Specific IgG in Rural Gabonese Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 204 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. S768-S775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieudonne Nkoghe ◽  
Cindy Padilla ◽  
Pierre Becquart ◽  
Nadia Wauquier ◽  
Ghislain Moussavou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Sociodemographic Risk ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Zaire Ebolavirus ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Background.  In Gabon, several Ebolavirus outbreaks have occurred exclusively in the northeastern region. We conducted a large serosurvey to identify areas and populations at risk and potential demographic, clinical, and behavioral risk factors. Methods.  Blood samples and clinical and sociodemographic data were collected from 4349 adults and 362 children in a random sample of 220 villages in the 9 provinces of Gabon. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV)–specific IgG, and thin blood smears were used to detect parasites. Logistic regression was implemented using Stata software (Stata), and a probability level of <.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results.  The prevalence of ZEBOV-specific IgG was 15.3% overall, increasing to 32.4% (P< .001) in forest areas. No sociodemographic risk factors were found, but the antibody prevalence increased linearly up to 20 years of age. Chronic arthralgia and amicrofilaremia were the only factors associated with ZEBOV seropositivity. Conclusions.  These findings confirm the endemicity of ZEBOV in Gabon and its link to the ecosystem. Human antibody positivity would appear to be to the result of exposure to contaminated fruits.

Assessment of mature serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is not superior to total serum BDNF in prediction of antidepressant treatment outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S410-S410 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Eckert ◽  
T. Mikoteit ◽  
J. Beck ◽  
U.M. Hemmeter ◽  
S. Brand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Neurotrophic Activity ◽  
Serum Bdnf

BackgroundSerum BDNF levels are decreased in major depressive disorder (MDD) and tend to normalize under antidepressant treatment, serving as a treatment outcome predictor. BDNF is initially synthetized as precursor protein proBDNF and is cleaved to mature BDNF (mBDNF) while only the latter exerts neurotrophic activity.AimThe aim was to explore if a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for mBDNF in serum would be superior to the unspecific assessment of total serum BDNF in predicting treatment response in MDD.MethodsTwenty-five patients with MDD underwent standardized treatment with duloxetine. Severity of depression was measured by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline (BL), after one (W1), two (W2) and six weeks (W6) of treatment. Treatment response was defined as a HDRS ≥ 50% reduction of BL score at W6. mBDNF and total BDNF serum levels were determined at BL, W1 and W2.ResultsA high and stable correlation was found between mBDNF and total BDNF serum levels over all measurements. The predictive value of mBDNF BL levels and mBDNFΔW1 to response was similar to that of total BDNF BL and total BDNFΔW1. The assessment of serum mBDNF was not superior to total BDNF in prediction of treatment outcome.ConclusionsNot only baseline total BDNF but also mBDNF is predictive to treatment outcome. The later might represent the main player in this respect, which supports the idea of a functional link between neuroplasticity and MDD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals An intrinsic B cell defect is required for the production of autoantibodies in the lpr model of murine systemic autoimmunity.

1991 ◽  
Vol 173 (6) ◽  
pp. 1441-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
E S Sobel ◽  
T Katagiri ◽  
K Katagiri ◽  
S C Morris ◽  
P L Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Autoantibody Production ◽  
Systemic Autoimmunity

Mice homozygous for the gene lpr develop marked lymphadenopathy and a spectrum of autoantibodies closely resembling that of human systemic lupus erythematosus. The unusual T cell phenotype of the expanded lymphocyte population and the T-dependence of several antibodies in this strain have suggested that primary T cell abnormalities underlie the autoimmune syndrome. Using double chimeras, we now show that expression of the lpr gene in B cells is absolutely necessary for autoantibody production. Combinations of anti-Thy 1.2 + C' treated bone marrow from congenic strains of C57BL/6 mice, differing only at the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) and lpr loci, were transferred into lethally irradiated B6/lpr mice. Double chimerism was documented by allotype-specific surface IgD and IgM immunofluorescence assay of peripheral blood and by allotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for total IgM in serum. Despite the presence of both +/+ and lpr B cells, IgM and IgG2a anti-chromatin as well as IgM anti-IgG were entirely the products of lpr B cells. Total serum IgG2a and IgG1 were also dominated by the lpr phenotype but not to the same extent. A similar experiment using B6/lpr-Igha recipients confirmed these findings. Additional experiments in which B6/lpr recipients were infused with ratios of donor bone marrow favoring B6.C20 +/+ over B6/lpr showed that even though +/+ B cells were overrepresented, autoantibodies were only of the lpr allotype. In addition, in the presence of lpr B cells, normal B cells showed little response to an exogenous, T cell-dependent antigen. The data thus indicate that lpr B cells manifest an intrinsic abnormality which is essential for autoantibody production in the lpr model.

scholarly journals Rubella-specific IgG subclass concentrations in sera using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): the effect of different sources of rubella antigen

1988 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. J Thomas ◽  
P. Morgan-Capner
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Igg Subclass ◽  
Human Igg ◽  
Discrepant Result ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Antigen A ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Positive Results

SUMMARYFive rubella antigens were evaluated in an antiglobulin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for rubella-specific IgG subclass antibody. One monoclonal anti-human IgG subclass antibody was used for each of IgG1, IgG2and IgG4, but two were compared for IgG3. A total of 101 sera were tested from cases of rubella in the distant past and from cases of primary rubella, reinfection and following immunization. Only one serum gave a discrepant result for specific IgG1, being positive with only one rubella antigen, a commercially prepared antigen coated on to microtitre wells (Enzygnost; Behringwerke). No sera contained detectable specific IgG2. Only four sera contained specific IgG4, and this was detectable only with Enzygnost antigen. For specific IgG3little difference was observed between the two monoclonal anti-human IgG3subclass antibodies; only two very weakly positive sera gave discrepant results. However, varying results were obtained for specific IgG3with the different antigens. Enzygnost gave more positive results for specific IgG3with most categories of sera.It is concluded that the differences between various reports of the rubella-specific IgG subclass profile cannot be explained entirely by the use of different rubella antigens.

Asymptomatic Malaria Infection and Their Antibodies Against Malaria: A Study in Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

2019 ◽  
Vol 152 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S116-S116
Author(s):  
Carlo Ledesma ◽  
Ma Gina Sadang
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
National Commission ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Asymptomatic Malaria ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Specific Igg

Abstract Human malaria, caused by four species of Plasmodium, namely P falciparum, P vivax, P malariae, and P ovale, remains a health problem of global concern, with one to two million deaths annually and risking about two billion people worldwide. Alternative ways of controlling the incidence of malaria through understanding the host’s immune response to monoinfection and the detection of the presence of asymptomatic malaria infection are the factors being addressed in this study. The determination of the possible existence of cross-antigenic stimulation is a matter of great significance for future research and development. The isolation of these antigenic structures may give the first step to the development of better vaccines that may protect the general population who are at risk of developing malaria. Prior to blood collection, a memorandum of agreement was signed between the researcher and the Iraya-Mangyan leaders of Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro. A Certificate Precondition was issued by the National Commission of Indigenous Peoples, which was required by the Graduate School Ethics Review Committee. Determination of the presence of malaria parasite on blood samples of residents of two barangays in Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro, was performed using two methods: microscopic examination of stained blood smears for the presence of malaria parasite and polymerase chain reaction. Blood smears were prepared and eventually stained using Giemsa and Dip Quick stains. The detection of 5 positive cases of malaria infection with ring/schizont stage among the 53 cases was a clear indication of positive asymptomatic cases. Nested PCR using Plasmodium spp.–specific primer as well as P falciparum–specific and P vivax–specific primers showed the absence of bands so that one of the recommendations in this study is the performance of real-time PRC using more sensitive primers. Levels of P falciparum and P vivax–specific immunoglobulin were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealing a higher level of PF-specific IgG than PV-specific IgG. Whole blood samples were saved for future determinations such as real-time PCR, immunophenotypic analysis, and possible parasitic culture. Further similar studies may also be done by increasing the number of respondents as well as the areas of concern for a more extensive scope.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of heterologous prime/booster-inactivated and adenoviral-vectored COVID-19 vaccine: real-world data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
Nungruthai Suntronwong ◽  
Harit Phowatthanasathian ◽  
Ritthideach Yorsang ◽  
Thanunrat Thongmee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Vectored Vaccine ◽  
Sera Samples

Abstract Limited data are available on the responses to heterologous vaccine regimens for SARS-CoV-2, especially among countries using inactivated and adenoviral-vectored vaccines. A total of 77 participants who received heterologous prime/booster-inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and adenoviral-vectored vaccine were enrolled in our study. There were two comparison groups vaccinated with the homologous CoronaVac (N = 79) and AZD1222 (N = 80) regimen. All sera samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) IgG using a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). The neutralizing activity in a subset of serum samples was tested against the original Wuhan strain and variants of concern, B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT). The CoronaVac followed by the AZD1222 vaccine induced higher levels of spike RBD-specific IgG than that of two-dose CoronaVac or AZD1222 vaccines (p < 0.001). Sera samples of the CoronaVac/AZD1222 vaccine recipients elicited higher neutralizing antibody activity against the original Wuhan and the B.1.351 strain than in the recipients of the two-dose CoronaVac or AZD1222. Following the inactivated CoronaVac/adenoviral-vectored (AZD1222) vaccination administered 14–72 days apart, participants receiving the heterologous vaccine regimen had higher spike RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing activities than the homologous CoronaVac vaccine recipients.

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