scholarly journals Metastatic Prostate Cancer to the Left Temporal Bone: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erynne A. Faucett ◽  
Hal Richins ◽  
Rihan Khan ◽  
Abraham Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Breast, lung, and prostate cancers are the three most common malignancies to metastasize to the temporal bone. Still, metastatic prostate cancer of the temporal bone is a rare finding, with approximately 21 cases reported in the literature and only 2 cases discovered more than 10 years after initial treatment of the primary. This disease may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally; however, hearing loss, otalgia, cranial nerve palsies, and visual changes can all be presenting symptoms. We present the case of a 95-year-old man with history of primary prostate cancer treated 12 years earlier that was seen for new-onset asymmetric hearing loss and otalgia. The tympanic membranes and middle ears were normal; however, based on radiologic findings and eventual biopsy, the patient was diagnosed with extensive metastatic prostate cancer to the left temporal bone. This case (1) demonstrates that a high index of suspicion for unusual etiologies of seemingly benign symptoms must be maintained in elderly patients having prior history of cancer and (2) substantiates the value of temporal bone imaging when diagnosis may be unclear from history and physical exam.

Sex Hormones and Prostate Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Auchus ◽  
Nima Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prostate Cancer Research ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Androgen Independent ◽  
Transition Studies

The prostate is an androgen-dependent organ that develops only in male mammals. Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer deaths. Metastatic prostate cancer initially retains its androgen dependence, and androgen-deprivation therapy often leads to disease control; however, the cancer inevitably progresses despite treatment as castration-resistant prostate cancer, the lethal form of the disease. Although it was assumed that the cancer became androgen independent during this transition, studies over the last two decades have shown that these tumors evade treatment via mechanisms that augment acquisition of androgens from circulating precursors, increase sensitivity to androgens and androgen precursors, bypass the androgen receptor, or a combination of these mechanisms. This review summarizes the history of prostate cancer research leading to the contemporary view of androgen dependence for prostate cancers and the current treatment approaches based on this modern paradigm.

General medical disorders with psychiatric implications

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Garcia ◽  
Warren J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Traditionally the domain of consultation/ liaison psychiatry, the challenge of recognizing and then appropriately treating the psychiatric complications of general medical disorders requires thoughtful planning and attention in corrections. Medical conditions that have psychiatric symptoms represent a significant diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the correctional health setting. Over half of the inmates in the United States have symptoms of a major mental illness, but the pervasiveness of substance use disorders, the increasing prevalence of elderly inmates, and limited access to a patient’s past medical and psychiatric records all contribute to the challenge of discerning when a psychiatric presentation results from an underlying medical condition. One early study underscored this challenge, noting that 46% of the patients admitted to community psychiatric wards had an unrecognized medical illness that either caused or exacerbated their psychiatric illness. A more recent study observed that 2.8% of admissions to inpatient psychiatry were due to unrecognized medical conditions. Emergency room medical clearance of patients presenting for psychiatric admission has revealed an increased risk for such underlying medical conditions among patients with any of five characteristics: elderly, a history of substance abuse, no prior history of mental illness, lower socioeconomic status, or significant preexisting medical illnesses. This chapter examines several of these risk groups and focuses on the presenting symptoms of delirium, mood disorders, and psychosis and the underlying medical conditions that can mimic or exacerbate them.

scholarly journals Rapidly Shifting Concepts Regarding Androgens and Prostate Cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Morgentaler
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

There has been a recent dramatic shift in our understanding of the relationship between androgens and prostate cancer (PCa). Whereas for several decades it had been assumed that higher serum testosterone (T) concentrations would lead to ever-greater PCa growth, current literature indicates that PCa growth is unaffected by changes in serum T throughout most of the naturally occurring range. A Saturation Model has been proposed to explain how prostate tissue can be exquisitely sensitive to changes in serum T at the very low end of the concentration range, but appears indifferent to such changes above the near-castrate range. This has special applicability to T-deficient men, since this means that T therapy may not be nearly as risky as once assumed. Indeed, one of the more interesting changes over the last several years has been the growing acceptance of the use of T therapy in men with a prior history of PCa, with early data indicating minimal risk of cancer recurrence or progression. Provocative new evidence suggests that it is not high serum T that is problematic for PCa, butlowserum T that is associated with worrisome cancer features and outcomes, such as high Gleason score, advanced stage of presentation, and increased risk of biochemical recurrence after surgery. It will be interesting to see what changes will occur in this rapidly changing field over the next several years.

Metastasis to the temporal bone, secondary to carcinoma of the bladder

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. R. Saldanha ◽  
J. D. C. Bennett ◽  
J. N. G. Evans ◽  
H. Pambakian
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Palliative Radiotherapy ◽  
Anaplastic Carcinoma ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Pain ◽  
Carcinoma Of The Bladder

AbstractAn 80-year-old man was seen in the clinic with a two month history of pain, bleeding and deafness in his left ear; accompanied by a left facial palsy. Six months earlier, anaplastic carcinoma of the bladder had been diagnosed and treated with radiotherapy. On examination there was a mass in his left external auditory canal and VII, VIII, IX and X left cranial nerve palsies. Histology of a biopsy was identical with his original bladder tumour. He received a course of palliative radiotherapy but died shortly after. Post-mortem demonstrated the left temporal bone metastasis extending into the middle and posterior cranial fossae. There was no evidence of residual bladder tumour, or other primary tumour. Temporal bone metastases are probably more common than generally thought. Presentations like this may become more common as cancer therapy improves, with patients surviving longer and presenting later with metastatic disease.

Double Intratemporal Congenital Cholesteatomas Combined with Ossicular Anomalies

1986 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsun-Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Nerve Palsy ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Facial Nerve Palsy ◽  
Conductive Hearing Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Conductive Hearing

A 15-year-old patient had unilateral double congenital cholesteatomas, one isolated to the mastoid and the other located in the petrous pyramid. The presenting symptoms were facial palsy and a conductive hearing loss on the affected side. The case is interesting, not only in that there were two isolated cholesteatomas in the same temporal bone, but also because of the combination of ossicular anomalies. The unusually early detection and surgical intervention in this instance suggest that similar cases of multicentric cholesteatomas may have occurred, but may have been concealed because of the later detection and possible linkage of the cholesteatomas. I would therefore emphasize Sheehy's recommendation that temporal bone radiography never be omitted where idiopathic facial nerve palsy exists.

General medical disorders with psychiatric implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Garcia ◽  
Warren J. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Traditionally the domain of consultation/ liaison psychiatry, the challenge of recognizing and then appropriately treating the psychiatric complications of general medical disorders requires thoughtful planning and attention in corrections. Medical conditions that have psychiatric symptoms represent a significant diagnostic dilemma, particularly in the correctional health setting. Over half of the inmates in the United States have symptoms of a major mental illness, but the pervasiveness of substance use disorders, the increasing prevalence of elderly inmates, and limited access to a patient’s past medical and psychiatric records all contribute to the challenge of discerning when a psychiatric presentation results from an underlying medical condition. One early study underscored this challenge, noting that 46% of the patients admitted to community psychiatric wards had an unrecognized medical illness that either caused or exacerbated their psychiatric illness. A more recent study observed that 2.8% of admissions to inpatient psychiatry were due to unrecognized medical conditions. Emergency room medical clearance of patients presenting for psychiatric admission has revealed an increased risk for such underlying medical conditions among patients with any of five characteristics: elderly, a history of substance abuse, no prior history of mental illness, lower socioeconomic status, or significant preexisting medical illnesses. This chapter examines several of these risk groups and focuses on the presenting symptoms of delirium, mood disorders, and psychosis and the underlying medical conditions that can mimic or exacerbate them.

Cranial nerve palsies in metastatic prostate cancer—results of base of skull radiotherapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe M O'Sullivan ◽  
Andrew R Norman ◽  
Helen McNair ◽  
David P Dearnaley
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Metastatic Prostate Cancer ◽  
Base Of Skull ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies
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