scholarly journals Molecular Signatures in the Prevention of Radiation Damage by the Synergistic Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine and Qingre Liyan Decoction, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Using a 3-Dimensional Cell Culture Model of Oral Mucositis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P. Lambros ◽  
Lavanya Kondapalli ◽  
Cyrus Parsa ◽  
Hari Chandana Mulamalla ◽  
Robert Orlando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Primary Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Microarray Gene Expression ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

Qingre Liyan decoction (QYD), a Traditional Chinese medicine, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) have been used to prevent radiation induced mucositis. This work evaluates the protective mechanisms of QYD, NAC, and their combination (NAC-QYD) at the cellular and transcriptional level. A validated organotypic model of oral mucosal consisting of a three-dimensional (3D) cell tissue-culture of primary human keratinocytes exposed to X-ray irradiation was used. Six hours after the irradiation, the tissues were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and a TUNEL assay to assess histopathology and apoptosis, respectively. Total RNA was extracted and used for microarray gene expression profiling. The tissue-cultures treated with NAC-QYD preserved their integrity and showed no apoptosis. Microarray results revealed that the NAC-QYD caused the upregulation of genes encoding metallothioneins,HMOX1, and other components of the Nrf2 pathway, which protects against oxidative stress. DNA repair genes (XCP,GADD45G,RAD9, andXRCC1), protective genes (EGFRandPPARD), and genes of the NFκB pathway were upregulated. Finally, tissue-cultures treated prophylactically with NAC-QYD showed significant downregulation of apoptosis, cytokines and chemokines genes, and constrained damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). NAC-QYD treatment involves the protective effect of Nrf2, NFκB, and DNA repair factors.

scholarly journals Machine-readable Yin–Yang imbalance: traditional Chinese medicine syndrome computer modeling based on three-dimensional noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1580-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cen ◽  
Ralph Hoppe ◽  
Aiwu Sun ◽  
Hongyan Ding ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
Syndrome Differentiation ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
Machine Readable

Objectives The principal diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking. Treatment by syndrome differentiation is likely to be subjective. This study was designed to provide a basic theory for TCM diagnosis and establish an objective means of evaluating the correctness of syndrome differentiation. Methods We herein provide the basic theory of TCM syndrome computer modeling based on a noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging technique. Noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging records the heart’s electrical activity from hundreds of electrodes on the patient’s torso surface and therefore provides much more information than 12-lead electrocardiography. Through mathematical reconstruction algorithm calculations, the reconstructed heart model is a machine-readable description of the underlying mathematical physics model that reveals the detailed three-dimensional (3D) electrophysiological activity of the heart. Results From part of the simulation results, the imaged 3D cardiac electrical source provides dynamic information regarding the heart’s electrical activity at any given location within the 3D myocardium. Conclusions This noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging method is suitable for translating TCM syndromes into a computable format of the underlying mathematical physics model to offer TCM diagnosis evidence-based standards for ensuring correct evaluation and rigorous, scientific data for demonstrating its efficacy.

scholarly journals miR-200a Modulates the Expression of the DNA Repair Protein OGG1 Playing a Role in Aging of Primary Human Keratinocytes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lavinia Tinaburri ◽  
Mariarosaria D’Errico ◽  
Sara Sileno ◽  
Riccardo Maurelli ◽  
Paolo Degan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Primary Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Human Keratinocyte ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Dna Repair Protein ◽  
Repair Activity ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Base Lesion

Oxidative DNA damage accumulation may induce cellular senescence. Notably, senescent cells accumulate in aged tissues and are present at the sites of age-related pathologies. Although the signaling of DNA strand breaks has been extensively studied, the role of oxidative base lesions has not fully investigated in primary human keratinocyte aging. In this study, we show that primary human keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by a significant accumulation of the oxidative base lesion 8-OH-dG, impairment of oxidative DNA repair, and increase of miR-200a levels. Notably, OGG1-2a, a critical enzyme for 8-OH-dG repair, is a direct target of miR-200a and its expression levels significantly decrease in aged keratinocytes. The 8-OH-dG accumulation displays a significant linear relationship with the aging biomarker p16 expression during keratinocyte senescence. Interestingly, we found that miR-200a overexpression down-modulates its putative target Bmi-1, a well-known p16 repressor, and up-regulates p16 itself. miR-200a overexpression also up-regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β expression. Of note, primary keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by NRPL3 activation and IL-1β secretion. These findings point to miR-200a as key player in primary human keratinocyte aging since it is able to reduce oxidative DNA repair activity and may induce several senescence features through p16 and IL-1β up-regulation.

Blocking the DNA Repair System by Traditional Chinese Medicine?

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 895-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Feng Sun ◽  
Tung-Ti Chang ◽  
Kai-Wei Chang ◽  
Hung-Jin Huang ◽  
Hsin-Yi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Repair System

scholarly journals The evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a disciplinary concept and its essence throughout history

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxian Liu ◽  
Linwei Lu ◽  
Cheng Ma ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Zhengxiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Medical Term ◽  
Literature History

“Traditional Chinese Medicine” (TCM; Zhong Yi) is a concept that keeps evolving with the change of times and clinical practice. From the aspect of the category of modern science, there were not appropriate boundaries set for the literature, history and philosophy in the realm of Chinese traditional academics. Thanks to the eastward spread of Western culture and science, the category of disciplines in modern times then came into being. In order to be listed in the system of modern disciplines, traditional disciplines have always been trying to redefine themselves, and “TCM,” of course, is involved. Considering the fact that “TCM” is now an academic discipline in the field of medicine, here we reviewed not only the transition of the concept of “TCM” from a primitive and then a hierarchical medical term to a relatively full-fledged one that is, to some extent, opposite to the concept of Western Medicine or modern medicine, from a narrow medical term that is peculiar to Han Medicine to a broad one that pertains to Han Medicine along with ethnic traditional medicines in China, but also the transition of the development from merely highlighting TCM and then equally emphasizing TCM together with modern medicine to comprehensively converging TCM, modern medicine and Integrative Medicine, which contributes to the evolution from the dominance of TCM, the coexistence of TCM and modern medicine, the confluence of TCM and modern medicine, and finally to the integration of TCM and modern medicine. In addition, we introduced pioneering medical concepts, epistemology and methodology such as Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM; Da Zhong Yi), Trichotomy (San Fen Fa), Five Key Elements (Wu Yao Su) and Three-dimensional Integration (San Rong He), proposed the potential future direction of medicine, stressed the importance of taking the essence and discarding the dregs in TCM, and appreciated those who are able to perceive similarities in differences. We looked forward to reconstructing the system of TCM by the integration of the part that is unconsciously ahead of modern medicine and that has already reached consensus with modern medicine from all the traditional medicines in China, which would promise a brand new system of medicine harmoniously integrating traditional medicine and modern medicine.

scholarly journals Age-Dependent Protective Effect of Selenium against UVA Irradiation in Primary Human Keratinocytes and the Associated DNA Repair Signature

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Favrot ◽  
D. Beal ◽  
E. Blouin ◽  
M. T. Leccia ◽  
A. M. Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Repair ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Primary Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Uva Irradiation ◽  
The Impact

Few studies have focused on the protective role of selenium (Se) against skin aging and photoaging even though selenoproteins are essential for keratinocyte function and skin development. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of Se supplementation on skin cells from elderly and young donors has not been reported. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on skin keratinocytes at baseline and after exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. Low doses of Se (30 nM) were very potently protective against UVA-induced cytotoxicity in young keratinocytes, whereas the protection efficiency of Se in old keratinocytes required higher concentrations (240 nM). Additionally, the DNA repair ability of the old keratinocytes drastically decreased compared with that of the young keratinocytes at baseline and after the UVA exposure. The Se supplementation significantly enhanced the DNA repair of 8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) only in the keratinocytes isolated from young donors. Therefore, aged keratinocytes have an increased vulnerability to oxidative DNA damage, and the Se needs in the elderly should be considered. Strengthening DNA repair activities with Se supplementation may represent a new strategy to combat aging and skin photoaging.

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