scholarly journals The evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine as a disciplinary concept and its essence throughout history

2018 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxian Liu ◽  
Linwei Lu ◽  
Cheng Ma ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Zhengxiao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Medical Term ◽  
Literature History

“Traditional Chinese Medicine” (TCM; Zhong Yi) is a concept that keeps evolving with the change of times and clinical practice. From the aspect of the category of modern science, there were not appropriate boundaries set for the literature, history and philosophy in the realm of Chinese traditional academics. Thanks to the eastward spread of Western culture and science, the category of disciplines in modern times then came into being. In order to be listed in the system of modern disciplines, traditional disciplines have always been trying to redefine themselves, and “TCM,” of course, is involved. Considering the fact that “TCM” is now an academic discipline in the field of medicine, here we reviewed not only the transition of the concept of “TCM” from a primitive and then a hierarchical medical term to a relatively full-fledged one that is, to some extent, opposite to the concept of Western Medicine or modern medicine, from a narrow medical term that is peculiar to Han Medicine to a broad one that pertains to Han Medicine along with ethnic traditional medicines in China, but also the transition of the development from merely highlighting TCM and then equally emphasizing TCM together with modern medicine to comprehensively converging TCM, modern medicine and Integrative Medicine, which contributes to the evolution from the dominance of TCM, the coexistence of TCM and modern medicine, the confluence of TCM and modern medicine, and finally to the integration of TCM and modern medicine. In addition, we introduced pioneering medical concepts, epistemology and methodology such as Chinese Traditional Medicine (CTM; Da Zhong Yi), Trichotomy (San Fen Fa), Five Key Elements (Wu Yao Su) and Three-dimensional Integration (San Rong He), proposed the potential future direction of medicine, stressed the importance of taking the essence and discarding the dregs in TCM, and appreciated those who are able to perceive similarities in differences. We looked forward to reconstructing the system of TCM by the integration of the part that is unconsciously ahead of modern medicine and that has already reached consensus with modern medicine from all the traditional medicines in China, which would promise a brand new system of medicine harmoniously integrating traditional medicine and modern medicine.

scholarly journals Dried seahorse in traditional medicine: A narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siukan Law
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Ribosomal Protein ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Ribosomal Protein Gene ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Tcm Theory

Seahorses are classified as members of Syngnathidae family, which includes pipefishes, pipehorses, and seadragons. China, including Hong Kong, uses 250 tons of seahorses as Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) every year. It is popular in Traditional Medicines (TM) especially TMC and its derivatives. The TCM formulations of dried seahorse strengthens the kidney and enhances immunity to treat the aging process. Base on the molecular biology analysis, S6 ribosomal protein gene, S7 ribosomal protein gene, and the S20 ribosomal protein gene have been identified in dried seahorses, which help to reduce the cough symptoms. The present mini-review discusses the background of the use of dried seahorses, the TCM theory, the TCM formulations, the molecular biology, and analysis of its usage in traditional medicine.

Ethnobotany

2022 ◽  
pp. 270-291
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Navneet ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Bhandari ◽  
Surendra Singh Bisht ◽  
Dalip Kumar Mansotra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional medicines and natural products from ethnomedicinal plants have great significance in recent time. Various forms of medicines like Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, kampo, Unani, have been plasticising in recent days due to their effectiveness against various human ailments and also have blossomed into the regulated systems of traditional medicine. This chapter reviews the relationship of plants and humans, along with their cultural relationship and role of the traditional medicines, by exploring the methodologies and various concepts for the discovery of various drugs. Further, this will also illustrate traditional medicines that have their incomparable advantages over the modern allopathic medicines.

scholarly journals STEVIA AN UNTOUCHED NATURE’S GIFT CAN BE A BOON TO DIABETIC

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Ramanpreet Walia ◽  
Abhay Verma
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Vital Part ◽  
Global Population

Plants and fungi are a vital part of healthcare. Over 80% of the global population rely on traditional medicine, much of which is based on plant remedies. Traditional Chinese medicine alone uses over 5,000 plant species. There is a healing quality in nature, which has been known for centuries, be it taking time to smell the roses, meditating on a mountain, lying in a wildflower field, strolling by a meandering stream, or hiking in ancient redwood groves. Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, recognized this powerful attribute in his humbling statement: Nature cures—not the physician.   Hippocrates

Ethnobotany

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-57
Author(s):  
Akash ◽  
Navneet ◽  
Bhupendra Singh Bhandari ◽  
Surendra Singh Bisht ◽  
Dalip Kumar Mansotra
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Recent Time ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional medicines and natural products from ethnomedicinal plants have great significance in recent time. Various forms of medicines like Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine, kampo, Unani, have been plasticising in recent days due to their effectiveness against various human ailments and also have blossomed into the regulated systems of traditional medicine. This chapter reviews the relationship of plants and humans, along with their cultural relationship and role of the traditional medicines, by exploring the methodologies and various concepts for the discovery of various drugs. Further, this will also illustrate traditional medicines that have their incomparable advantages over the modern allopathic medicines.

scholarly journals 中西醫結合述評

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Weibo LU
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Western Medicine ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Blood Stasis Syndrome ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medical

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中西醫結合包含中醫和西醫之間的團結合作，但更重要的是中醫學和西醫學之間的互相結合。在世界上對傳統醫學曾有過三種方針，即“否定”，“容忍”和“平行”的方針，均不能充分發揮傳統醫學的作用和潛力。中國採取“結合”的方針，較好地解決了這一問題，不僅滿足當前醫療工作的需要，更重要的是在科學研究中，強調創新，兩種醫學的觀點、方法、優勢互補，獲得大量新的研究成果，如針刺原理和針麻研究，青萬素的發現，瘀血證研究等。雖然現代醫學是主流醫學，但尚不足以解決所有問題，如慢性病，老年病等。用結合的思想可以更好地解決各種難題，使醫學科學更快地向前發展，造福於人民。What attitude should we take toward traditional medicine? There have been three types of policies in this regard all over the world. First, the excluding policy prohibits practicing any traditional medicine. Traditional physicians are not qualified to possess the title of physician, and their practice is illegal. Second, the tolerating policy does not make illegal traditional medical practice, but it does not formally affirm the practice. Third, the paralleling policy allows both traditional and modem medical practices, but their use may not overlap. For example, traditional physicians may not use modem medical facilities.Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, a unique policy of integration has been adopted in China. This policy assumes that both traditional Chinese medicine and modern Western medicine have strengths and weaknesses. It requires that both types of medicine be integrated so as to develop more effective methods in treating diseases and preserving health.There are two senses of the integration of traditional Chinese and modern Western medicine. The first sense refers to the integration of the two types of the physicians, i.e., the cooperation between traditional Chinese practitioners and modern Western medical professionals. The second sense refers to the integration of the two disciplines; i.e., to use both traditional Chinese and modern Western medical theories and practices to create new forms of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and means. The hope was to have the perspectives, methods, and solutions of both types of medicine complement each other.Under the integrating policy, traditional Chinese medicine has been developed tremendously in mainland China. 30 traditional Chinese medical colleges, 2457 traditional Chinese medical hospitals, and 170 traditional Chinese medical research institutions have been established. A number of well-known medical achievements, such as acupunctural analgesia and anesthesia, the discovery of a new type of anti-malaria drug - Qinghaosu (artemisinin), and the study of blood stasis syndrome, have been made by following the integrating strategy.With the rapid growth and development of the diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in modern Western medicine, some individuals are doubtful of the prospect of traditional Chinese medicine and of the necessity of China’s integrating strategy. However, no matter how advanced modern Western medicine as a form of medicine has become, it will not be able to handle all diseases or medical problems effectively and appropriately. The human body and medical reality are too complicated to be fixed by modern medicine once and for all. For instance, in the present time, chronic and geriatric diseases pose perplexing challenges to modern medicine. Possibilities are always open for traditional Chinese medicine as well as the integrated traditional Chinese and modern medicine to make their valuable contributions.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 69 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Level of use and public awareness in consumption of traditional medicines in work area of Health Center Gombong I

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Naelaz Zukhruf Wakhidatul Kiromah ◽  
Tri Cahyani Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Level Of Use ◽  
Minor Ailments

Indonesia has 20,000 types of plants where 300 species have been used as traditional medicines. The use of traditional medicine as an alternative treatment in Indonesia that has been used by both rural and urban communities. The use of traditional medicine is considered safer than modern medicine. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of use of traditional medicine and public awareness in the use of traditional medicine in work area of  Health Center Gombong 1 which consists of 5 villages. This research is a non-experimental and descriptive research that uses a questionnaire. Respondents who participated in this study were 140 people. The characteristics of respondents who participated in this study were the majority of men (50,71%), last educated of elementary school (41,43%), as housewives (27,86%). The majority of people in work area of Health Center Gombong choose treatment with modern medicine (64,29%). In addition there are 35,71% using traditional medicine and the majority use rhizome species (46%) for the treatment of minor ailments. In this study also showed that the majority of people do not know the safety of traditional medicines (50%) due to lack of information so that information is needed on the benefits and safety and the use of good and appropriate traditional medicines.

Opening up a New Field of Modern Medical Research 1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoguang Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Opening Up

Modern medicine tells us that the human body is an organism composed of heart, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, stomach, brain, nerves, muscles, bones, blood vessels, blood and so on, while traditional Chinese medicine believes that besides these tissues and organs, the human body still has another part of the structure, traditional Chinese medicine calls them Jing Luo and Shu Xue. Jing Luo means the longitudinal line of the human body and the accompanying net, translated into English Meridians and Collaterals. Shu Xue means holes distributed on Jing Luo and outside Jing Luo, because stimulating Shu Xue's position by acupuncture, massage and other methods can cure diseases, so Shu Xue is translated into English acupuncture point, abbreviated as acupoint or point. Meridians and acupoints are the special knowledge of human body structure in traditional Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese medicine not only draws the distribution map of the meridians and acupoints in the human body, but also has been using them to treat diseases for thousands of years. There are hundreds of these acupoints, stimulating each one by acupuncture, massage or other methods will have a special effect on the human body and can treat various diseases. But what effect does stimulating every acupoint have on the human body so that it can treat various diseases? The discussion of traditional Chinese medicine is vague and incomprehensible, and can not be proved by experiments. According to the author's research for more than 30 years, this paper makes a clear and accurate exposition of the effects on the human body and diseases that can be treated with acupoint massage. These statements can be proved by experiments, so they are believed to be reliable. It is hoped that meridians, acupoints and massage therapy can be incorporated into modern medicine and become a part of modern medicine after being proved by others through experiments. Massaging acupoints can not only treat many diseases that are difficult to be treated with drugs, but also have simple methods and low cost.

1+1 > 2: Integration of the Host-directed Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Virus-targeted Modern Medicine in Control of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Jianjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The World ◽  
Plausible Mechanism

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused millions of infections and hundreds of thousands deaths in the world. The pandemic is still ongoing and no specific antivirals have been found to control COVID-19. The integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine with supportive measures of Modern Medicine has reportedly played an important role in the control of COVID-19 in China. This review summarizes the evidence of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 and discusses the plausible mechanism of TCM in control of COVID-19 and other viral infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Machine-readable Yin–Yang imbalance: traditional Chinese medicine syndrome computer modeling based on three-dimensional noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1580-1591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cen ◽  
Ralph Hoppe ◽  
Aiwu Sun ◽  
Hongyan Ding ◽  
Ning Gu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Cardiac Electrophysiology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mathematical Physics ◽  
Syndrome Differentiation ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
Machine Readable

Objectives The principal diagnostic methods of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking. Treatment by syndrome differentiation is likely to be subjective. This study was designed to provide a basic theory for TCM diagnosis and establish an objective means of evaluating the correctness of syndrome differentiation. Methods We herein provide the basic theory of TCM syndrome computer modeling based on a noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging technique. Noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging records the heart’s electrical activity from hundreds of electrodes on the patient’s torso surface and therefore provides much more information than 12-lead electrocardiography. Through mathematical reconstruction algorithm calculations, the reconstructed heart model is a machine-readable description of the underlying mathematical physics model that reveals the detailed three-dimensional (3D) electrophysiological activity of the heart. Results From part of the simulation results, the imaged 3D cardiac electrical source provides dynamic information regarding the heart’s electrical activity at any given location within the 3D myocardium. Conclusions This noninvasive cardiac electrophysiology imaging method is suitable for translating TCM syndromes into a computable format of the underlying mathematical physics model to offer TCM diagnosis evidence-based standards for ensuring correct evaluation and rigorous, scientific data for demonstrating its efficacy.

Systems Biology Technologies Enable Personalized Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Systematic Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (06) ◽  
pp. 1109-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijun Wang ◽  
Aihua Zhang ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Personalize Medicine

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an alternative medicine, focuses on the treatment of human disease via the integrity of the close relationship between body and syndrome analysis. It remains a form of primary care in most Asian countries and its characteristics showcase the great advantages of personalized medicine. Although this approach to disease diagnosis, prognosis and treatment has served the medical establishment well for thousands of years, it has serious shortcomings in the era of modern medicine that stem from its reliance on reductionist principles of experimentation and analysis. In this way, systems biology offers the potential to personalize medicine, facilitating the provision of the right care to the right patient at the right time. We expect that systems biology will have a major impact on future personalized therapeutic approaches which herald the future of medicine. Here we summarize current trends and critically review the potential limitations and future prospects of such treatments. Some characteristic examples are presented to highlight the application of this groundbreaking platform to personalized TCM as well as some of the necessary milestones for moving systems biology of a state-of-the-art nature into mainstream health care.

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