scholarly journals Effect of Eugenol againstStreptococcus agalactiaeand Synergistic Interaction with Biologically Produced Silver Nanoparticles

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Perugini Biasi-Garbin ◽  
Eliane Saori Otaguiri ◽  
Alexandre Tadachi Morey ◽  
Mayara Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Ana Elisa Belotto Morguette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Synergistic Activity ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Viability Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Morphology ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B ◽  
Time Kill

Streptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococci (GBS)) is an important infections agent in newborns associated with maternal vaginal colonization. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in GBS-colonized pregnant women has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of early neonatal infection in various geographic regions. However, this strategy may lead to resistance selecting among GBS, indicating the need for new alternatives to prevent bacterial transmission and even to treat GBS infections. This study reported for the first time the effect of eugenol on GBS isolated from colonized women, alone and in combination with silver nanoparticles produced byFusarium oxysporum(AgNPbio). Eugenol showed a bactericidal effect against planktonic cells of all GBS strains, and this effect appeared to be time-dependent as judged by the time-kill curves and viability analysis. Combination of eugenol with AgNPbio resulted in a strong synergistic activity, significantly reducing the minimum inhibitory concentration values of both compounds. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed fragmented cells and changes in bacterial morphology after incubation with eugenol. In addition, eugenol inhibited the viability of sessile cells during biofilm formation and in mature biofilms. These results indicate the potential of eugenol as an alternative for controlling GBS infections.

scholarly journals Neonatal and young infant sepsis by Group B Streptococci and Escherichia coli: a single-center retrospective analysis in Germany—GBS screening implementation gaps and reduction in antibiotic resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777
Author(s):  
Maren Doenhardt ◽  
Barbara Seipolt ◽  
Lars Mense ◽  
Jennifer Lucia Winkler ◽  
Alexander Thürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Young Infant ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B ◽  
Implementation Gaps

Abstract The last nationwide surveillance study on neonatal and young infant sepsis due to Group B Streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli in Germany was conducted between 2009 and 2010. The aim of this study is to provide longitudinal epidemiological data on neonatal and young infant sepsis caused by GBS and E. coli to reevaluate existing data and to inform clinical decision-making. Every positive blood culture for GBS and E. coli within the first 90 days of life that occurred at our center from 2008 until 2018 was identified. The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and microbiological data of all affected patients were analyzed through retrospective chart review, along with the pathogen’s antimicrobial susceptibility results. In total, 106 episodes of neonatal sepsis were described; 31% (n = 33) being caused by GBS and 69% (n = 73) by E. coli; 87% of GBS early-onset disease (EOD) cases did not receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). Contrary to general trends, the proportion of resistant E. coli isolates decreased for all tested antibiotics over time. Coincidentally, antenatal antibiotic use beyond IAP during that period decreased significantly in our center. Conclusions: (1) Data at our center suggests at least a regional implementation gap in GBS screening and IAP. (2) The decline in the resistance rate of E. coli for all antimicrobial substances might indicate that the reduction of prenatal antibiotics use is beneficial and that neonatal antibiotic stewardship programs should include pregnant women as well. What is Known:• GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis led to a 32%-reduction in GBS disease in Germany with a 0.75 (92:122) ratio of early-onset disease to late-onset disease in 2009–2010.• Prenatal antibiotic use might increase the risk of E. coli early-onset disease and antibiotic resistances. What is New:• The GBS early-onset disease rates were twice as high as those of late-onset disease, the ratio was 1.75 (21:12) in 2008–2018 at our institution. This suggests that there are at least regional implementation gaps in the antenatal GBS screening in Germany.• We found a decline in E. coli resistance rates over time for all antimicrobial substances. Reduction in use of prenatal antibiotics might be an explanation.

Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsty Le Doare ◽  
Christine E. Jones ◽  
Paul T. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a leading cause of early neonatal infection and neonatal mortality, with long-term adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in up to 50% of survivors of GBS meningitis. GBS has a likely underappreciated role in causing preterm birth and stillbirth. GBS colonizes the vagina and gastrointestinal tract of the pregnant woman, and transmission to the infant occurs during or just before delivery. Although the majority of these infants do not develop invasive disease, maternal colonization is a prerequisite for early onset disease (0–6 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and respiratory distress) and a significant risk factor for late onset disease (7–89 days of life, most commonly associated with sepsis and meningitis). The introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis has resulted in significant declines in the incidence of early onset disease but provides no protection against late onset disease.

scholarly journals Removal of Group B Streptococci Colonizing the Vagina and Oropharynx of Mice with a Bacteriophage Lytic Enzyme

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Cheng ◽  
Daniel Nelson ◽  
Shiwei Zhu ◽  
Vincent A. Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Neonatal Meningitis ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Group B streptococci (GBS) are the leading cause of neonatal meningitis and sepsis worldwide. The current treatment strategy is limited to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis in pregnant women to prevent early-onset neonatal diseases, but considering the potential for antibiotic resistance, the risk of losing control over the disease is high. To approach this problem, we have developed a bacteriophage (phage) lytic enzyme to remove colonizing GBS. Bacteriophage muralytic enzymes, termed lysins, are highly evolved molecules designed to degrade the cell wall of host bacteria to release phage particles from the bacterial cytoplasm. Several different lysins have been developed to specifically kill bacterial pathogens both on mucosal surfaces and in blood and represent a novel approach to control infection. A lysin cloned from a phage infecting GBS was found to contain two putative catalytic domains and one putative binding domain, which is similar to the domain organization of some staphylococcal phage lysins. The lysin (named PlyGBS) was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified PlyGBS efficiently killed all tested GBS serotypes in vitro. In a mouse model, a single dose of PlyGBS significantly reduced bacterial colonization in both the vagina and oropharynx. As an alternative strategy for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, this approach may be used to reduce vaginal GBS colonization in pregnant women before delivery or to decontaminate newborns, thus reducing the incidence of GBS-associated neonatal meningitis and sepsis.

scholarly journals Rectal and Vaginal Eradication of Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) in Pregnant Women by Using Lactobacillus salivarius CECT 9145, A Target-specific Probiotic Strain

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Martín ◽  
Nivia Cárdenas ◽  
Sara Ocaña ◽  
María Marín ◽  
Rebeca Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Lactobacillus Salivarius ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococci, GBS) can cause severe neonatal sepsis. The recto-vaginal GBS screening of pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to positive ones is one of the main preventive options. However, such a strategy has some limitations and there is a need for alternative approaches. Initially, the vaginal microbiota of 30 non-pregnant and 24 pregnant women, including the assessment of GBS colonization, was studied. Among the Lactobacillus isolates, 10 Lactobacillus salivarius strains were selected for further characterization. In vitro characterization revealed that L. salivarius CECT 9145 was the best candidate for GBS eradication. Its efficacy to eradicate GBS from the intestinal and vaginal tracts of pregnant women was evaluated in a pilot trial involving 57 healthy pregnant women. All the volunteers in the probiotic group (n = 25) were GBS-positive and consumed ~9 log10 cfu of L. salivarius CECT 9145 daily from week 26 to week 38. At the end of the trial (week 38), 72% and 68% of the women in this group were GBS-negative in the rectal and vaginal samples, respectively. L. salivarius CECT 9145 seems to be an efficient method to reduce the number of GBS-positive women during pregnancy, decreasing the number of women receiving IAP during delivery.

scholarly journals Guideline Adherence for Intrapartum Group B Streptococci Prophylaxis in Penicillin-Allergic Patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Paccione ◽  
Harold C. Wiesenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Cdc Guidelines ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B ◽  
Type Of Delivery ◽  
Delivery Type

Objective. To investigate adherence to the 2002 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for perinatal group B streptococci (GBS) prevention in penicillin-allergic obstetric patients.Methods. This is a retrospective cohort study of penicillin-allergic obstetric patients who tested positive for GBS and delivered at our institution in 2010. Electronic medical records were reviewed for the nature of the penicillin allergy, documentation of having previously tolerated cephalosporins, gestational age at delivery, type of delivery, antimicrobial sensitivity testing, and antibiotics administered. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing and “appropriate” antibiotic choice, which was determined using 2002 CDC guidelines, were analyzed.Results. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis was administered in 97.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 93.5–99.5%) of patients, but it was considered appropriate in only 62.2% (95% CI 53.8–70.0%) of patients. Clindamycin was the most commonly used antibiotic, but 26.4% (95% CI 16.3–39.7%) of patients who received clindamycin did not have confirmation of susceptibility via antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Overall, the sensitivity testing was performed in only 65.5% (95% CI 56.2–73.7%) of patients in whom it was indicated.Conclusion. Compliance with CDC guidelines for performing antimicrobial sensitivity testing and choosing an appropriate antibiotic in GBS-positive penicillin-allergic women continues to be suboptimal. Institution of measures to increase adherence is necessary.

Effects of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Neonatal Acquisition of Group B Streptococci

2017 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 169-173.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiwa Toyofuku ◽  
Miyuki Morozumi ◽  
Mariko Hida ◽  
Yoshitake Satoh ◽  
Hiroshi Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

scholarly journals A study of the prevalence of group B streptococci in the third trimester of pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3911
Author(s):  
Vikas Tambe ◽  
Versha Shokeen ◽  
Himadri Bal ◽  
Ajita Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Intrapartum Antibiotic ◽  
Group B

Background: Group B Streptococci (GBS) is an important cause of early onset neonatal sepsis and the maternal colonization of this organism is a key factor in the occurrence of GBS associated morbidity and mortality in the newborns. Timely recognition of its presence in the genital tract of a pregnant women and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis can significantly bring down the burden of the disease in neonates. A cross sectional study was conducted on  antenatal women during 35-37weeks of gestation to evaluate the prevalence of Group B Streptococci in third trimester of pregnancy and explore the feasibility of including GBS screening in the routine antenatal investigation protocol.Methods: 200 antenatal women satisfying the exclusion/inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Vaginal and perianal swabs were collected using sterile swab sticks and inoculated using the specified media. Beta hemolysis and typical colonies were looked for under microscope. Positive cases were subjected to intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and the neonates were observed for 72 hours to look for any signs of sepsis.Results: It was found that 2% of the women screened were positive for GBS .While none of the newborns of the 4 positive cases showed any signs of sepsis.Conclusions: Prophylactic intrapartum prophylaxis against GBS has shown to decrease the chances of neonatal sepsis but more detailed and robust studies are required before incorporating routine screening in our antenatal care system.

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