scholarly journals Experimental Investigations into Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasad D. Unde ◽  
M. D. Gayakwad ◽  
N. G. Patil ◽  
R. S. Pawade ◽  
D. G. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Kerf Taper ◽  
Waterjet Machining

Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is an emerging machining process in which the material removal takes place due to abrasion. A stream of abrasive particles mixed with filtered water is subjected to the work surface with high velocity. The present study is focused on the experimental research and evaluation of the abrasive waterjet machining process in order to evaluate the technological factors affecting the machining quality of CFRP laminate using response surface methodology. The standoff distance, feed rate, and jet pressure were found to affect kerf taper, delamination, material removal rate, and surface roughness. The material related parameter, orientation of fiber, has been also found to affect the machining performance. The kerf taper was found to be 0.029 for 45° fiber orientation whereas it was 0.036 and 0.038 for 60° and 90°, respectively. The material removal rate is 18.95 mm3/sec for 45° fiber orientation compared to 18.26 mm3/sec for 60° and 17.4 mm3/sec for 90° fiber orientation. The Ra value for 45° fiber orientation is 4.911 µm and for 60° and 90° fiber orientation it is 4.927 µm and 4.974 µm, respectively. Delamination factor is found to be more for 45° fiber orientation, that is, 2.238, but for 60° and 90° it is 2.029 and 2.196, respectively.

scholarly journals Impacts of Traverse Speed and Material Thickness on Abrasive Waterjet Contour Cutting of Austenitic Stainless Steel AISI 304L

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4925
Author(s):  
Jennifer Milaor Llanto ◽  
Majid Tolouei-Rad ◽  
Ana Vafadar ◽  
Muhammad Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Taper Angle ◽  
Material Thickness ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Kerf Taper ◽  
Waterjet Machining

Abrasive water jet machining is a proficient alternative for cutting difficult-to-machine materials with complex geometries, such as austenitic stainless steel 304L (AISI304L). However, due to differences in machining responses for varied material conditions, the abrasive waterjet machining experiences challenges including kerf geometric inaccuracy and low material removal rate. In this study, an abrasive waterjet machining is employed to perform contour cutting of different profiles to investigate the impacts of traverse speed and material thickness in achieving lower kerf taper angle and higher material removal rate. Based on experimental investigation, a trend of decreasing the level of traverse speed and material thickness that results in minimum kerf taper angle values of 0.825° for machining curvature profile and 0.916° for line profiles has been observed. In addition, higher traverse speed and material thickness achieved higher material removal rate in cutting different curvature radii and lengths in line profiles with obtained values of 769.50 mm3/min and 751.5 mm3/min, accordingly. The analysis of variance revealed that material thickness had a significant impact on kerf taper angle and material removal rate, contributing within the range of 69–91% and 62–69%, respectively. In contrast, traverse speed was the least factor measuring within the range of 5–18% for kerf taper angle and 27–36% for material removal rate.

Abrasive waterjet machining of Ti/CFRP/Ti laminate and multi-objective optimization of the process parameters using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (13) ◽  
pp. 1741-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Kumar ◽  
Suhasini Gururaja
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Damage Factor ◽  
Interface Damage ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Composite Interface ◽  
Waterjet Machining

In present work, abrasive waterjet machining has been used to machine adhesively bonded titanium-carbon fiber-reinforced plastics-titanium hybrid laminate with varying traverse speed, jet pressure, and stand-off distance. The effect of varying abrasive waterjet machining parameters on cut quality has been quantified by material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio ( T r), and surface roughness (Ra). Response surface methodology along with central composite design has been used to analyze the influence of process parameters on output responses. Additionally, analysis of variance was performed to identify the significant parameters on the output responses. For better abrasive waterjet cut quality, the optimal values of process parameters obtained were 200 MPa jet pressure, 237.693 mm/min traverse speed, and 1 mm stand-off distance. The corresponding material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio, and surface roughness are 5.388 mm3/s, 1.41, 1.16, and 3.827 µm, respectively. Furthermore, validation tests have been performed with obtained optimal parameters that deliver satisfactory outcomes with an error of 5.35%, 3.07%, 2.29%, and 0.39% for material removal rate, metal composite interface damage factor, taper ratio, and surface roughness, respectively.

Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Kerf Formation in Abrasive Waterjet Machining

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseck Nyaporo Nyaboro ◽  
Mahmoud A. Ahmed ◽  
Hassan El-Hofy ◽  
Mohamed El-Hofy
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Waterjet Machining ◽  
Jet Characteristics

Machining of hard-to-cut materials to a high degree of accuracy and surface quality is one of the most critical operations when fabricating different state-of-the-art engineered components. Abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) is one of the non-conventional technologies, which is increasingly gaining a reputation for machining hard-to-cut materials. Despite many phenomenological investigations, the dynamic characteristics of the abrasive waterjet and physical interactions with the machined surface have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of understanding the machining process. The kerf geometry has been associated with several abrasive waterjet input parameters, but its characteristics have remained speculative among many researchers. In the present study, the governing equations of two-phase abrasive waterjet flow and the interaction with the material surface are developed and numerically simulated. With the help of precisely developed user-defined functions (UDF), the material removal process has been investigated. The dynamic jet characteristics and erosion rate are correlated to help characterize the kerf geometry. The proposed modelling approach is within the acceptable level of accuracy (< 5 %) when compared to experimental data. The results show that the jet dynamic characteristics and abrasive particle size significantly affect the kerf geometry and the material removal rate. The present findings not only provide a technical understanding of the AWJM process but also provide requisite guidelines in achieving high-precision machining of hard-to-cut materials.

Experimental Investigation of Abrasive Waterjet Machining of Titanium Graphite Laminates

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ramulu ◽  
◽  
Vara Isvilanonda ◽  
Rishi Pahuja ◽  
Mohamed Hashish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Material System ◽  
Operating Variables

High temperature Fiber Metal Laminate – Titanium/Graphite (Ti/Gr) is an advanced material system, developed to meet the high temperature requirements in aerospace applications. High specific strength and stiffness of composite core along with its protection from aggressive environment by tough titanium alloy sheets qualify FMLs for a promising alternative material where metallic and composites overcome each other's limitations. However, industrial employability of this three phase system is often limited by the machining challenges posed by the difference in material removal mechanisms of Titanium alloy, PIXA thermoplastic polyimide resin and graphite fibers. An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the machinability of 1 mm thick Ti/Gr laminate sheets through Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) machining process in terms of kerf characteristics and material removal rate. The parametric influence of AWJ operating variables on machining performance was studied by systematically measuring operating variables (traverse speed and Abrasive flow rate) using fully crossed Design of experiment (DOE) scheme, and statistically analyzing using ANOVA (Analysis of variance) technique. Empirical models were developed to quantify these effects and predict the influence of process parameters on material removal rate, kerf taper, entry damage width and overcut in straight cutting of Ti/Gr sheets.

State of the Art of Research and Development in Abrasive Waterjet Machining

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (4B) ◽  
pp. 776-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kovacevic ◽  
M. Hashish ◽  
R. Mohan ◽  
M. Ramulu ◽  
T. J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Energy Beam ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Waterjet Machining

Thermodynamic analysis of material removal mechanisms indicates that an ideal tool for shaping of materials is a high energy beam, having infinitely small cross-section, precisely controlled depth, and direction of penetration, and does not cause any detrimental effects on the generated surface. The production of the beam should be relatively inexpensive and environmentally sound while the material removal rate should be reasonably high for the process to be viable. A narrow stream of high energy water mixed with abrasive particles comes close to meeting these requirements because abrasive waterjet machining has become one of the leading manufacturing technologies in a relatively short period of time. This paper gives an overview of the basic research and development activities in the area of abrasive waterjet machining in the 1990s in the United States.

scholarly journals Impacts of traverse speed and material thickness in abrasive waterjet contour cutting of Austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer llanto ◽  
Majid Tolouei-Rad ◽  
Ana Vafadar ◽  
Muhammad Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Traverse Speed ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Taper Angle ◽  
Material Thickness ◽  
Kerf Taper

Abstract Austenitic stainless steel 304L (AISI304L), of varied thickness, is widely used in the fabrication industry and in many cases, it requires contour machining for achieving intricate profiles. Abrasive water jet machine is a proficient alternative for machining difficult-to-cut, reflective, conductive, and heat-sensitive materials such as austenitic stainless steel with complex geometries. However, due to differences in machining responses for varied material conditions, the abrasive waterjet machine experiences challenges such as kerf geometric inaccuracy and low material removal rate. In this study, an abrasive waterjet machine is employed to perform contour cutting of different profiles to investigate the impacts of traverse speed and material thickness in achieving a lower kerf taper angle and higher material removal rate. Experimental results show that all profiles encountered a similar trend of obtaining higher kerf taper angle and material removal rate as traverse speed increased. Analysis of variance revealed that material thickness denotes a more significant impact to kerf taper angle and material removal rate with a contribution within the range of 69%-91% and 62-69% respectively; whereas traverse speed indicates the least contributing factor within the range of 5%-18% in kerf taper angle and 27%-36% for material removal rate.

scholarly journals On the Effect of Multiple Passes on Kerf Characteristics and Efficiency of Abrasive Waterjet Cutting

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański ◽  
Nikolaos E. Karkalos ◽  
Rafał Kudelski ◽  
Emmanouil L. Papazoglou ◽  
Angelos P. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cutting Efficiency ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
Waterjet Cutting ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Cutting

Abrasive waterjet cutting is a well-established non-conventional technique for the processing of difficult-to-cut material and rendering of various complex geometries with high accuracy. However, as in every machining process, it is also required that high efficiency and productivity are achieved. For that reason, in the present study, the effect of performing the machining process by multiple passes is investigated, and the evaluation of this approach is performed in terms of total depth of penetration, kerf width, kerf taper angle, mean material removal rate, and cutting efficiency. In the case of multiple passes, the passes are performed in the same direction with the traverse speed adjusted accordingly in order to maintain the total machining time constant in each case. From the experimental results, it was found that the effect of multiple passes on the kerf characteristics, mean material removal rate, and cutting efficiency depends on the process conditions, especially regarding the depth of penetration, and it is possible to achieve significantly higher efficiency by the multi-pass cutting technique when the appropriate process conditions are selected.

Experimental Investigations into the Effect of Process Parameters and Nano-Powder (Fe2O3) on Material Removal Rate during Micro-EDM of Co-Cr-Mo

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagwa Mejid Elsiti ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Dielectric Fluid ◽  
Micro Edm ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Cobalt Chromium Molybdenum

Cobalt-base alloys are normally applied to materials that require wear, corrosion, and heat resistance. Today, the alloy of cobalt–chromium–molybdenum (Co–Cr–Mo) is employed in aerospace and medical fields. Through the thermal erosion process of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM), an electrically-produced spark vaporizes materials that are electrically conductive. This paper examines the viability of improvement of material removal rate in the micro-electric discharge machining of cobalt chromium molybdenum (Co-Cr-Mo) using Fe2O3 nanopowder-mixed dielectric fluid. For the purpose of this research, a copper electrode with 300μm diameter and positive polarity was utilized. The performance measures of the machining process were investigated regarding the material removal rate (MRR). For analysis of EDM of the CoCrMo, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed. Two concentrations of nanopowder were added to dielectric (2g/land 4g/l). Findings showed that if Iron oxide nanopowders (Fe2O3) exists in the dielectric, MRRcan be significantly improved. Amongst the two concentrations of powder-mixed micro-EDM, 2 g/l of nanopowder provided higher MRR in comparison with 4g/l and without powder cases.

Optimization of μEDM process assisted with rotating magnetic pulling force and ultrasonic vibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892098440
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
DR Prajapati ◽  
PS Satsangi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Vibration ◽  
Material Removal Rate ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Micro Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Pulling Force ◽  
Tool Rotation

The micro-electrical discharge machining process is hindered by low material removal rate and low surface quality, which bound its capability. The assistance of ultrasonic vibration and magnetic pulling force in micro-electrical discharge machining helps to overcome this limitation and increase the stability of the machining process. In the present research, an attempt has been made on Taguchi based GRA optimization for µEDM assisted with ultrasonic vibration and magnetic pulling force while µEDM of SKD-5 die steel with the tubular copper electrode. The process parameters such as ultrasonic vibration, magnetic pulling force, tool rotation, energy and feed rate have been chosen as process variables. Material removal rate and taper of the feature have been selected as response measures. From the experimental study, it has been found that response output measures have been significantly improved by 18% as compared to non assisted µEDM. The best optimal combination of input parameters for improved performance measures were recorded as machining with ultrasonic vibration (U1), 0.25 kgf of magnetic pulling force (M1), 600 rpm of tool rotation (R2), 3.38 mJ of energy (E3) and 1.5 mm/min of Tool feed rate (F3). The confirmation trail was also carried out for the validation of the results attained by Grey Relational Analysis and confirmed that there is a substantial improvement with both assistance applied simultaneously.

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