scholarly journals Acute Respiratory Failure due to Neuromyelitis Optica Treated Successfully with Plasmapheresis

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Massa Zantah ◽  
Timothy B. Coyle ◽  
Debapriya Datta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Acute Respiratory Failure ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pulse Dose ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is a demyelinating autoimmune disease involving the central nervous system. Acute respiratory failure from cervical myelitis due to NMO is known to occur but is uncommon in monophasic disease and is treated with high dose steroids. We report a case of a patient with NMO who developed acute respiratory failure related to cervical spinal cord involvement, refractory to pulse dose steroid therapy, which resolved with plasmapheresis.

Treatment of arm and hand dysfunction after CNS damage

2015 ◽  
pp. 238-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Ward
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb Dysfunction

Residual upper limb dysfunction after injury to the central nervous system is a major clinical, socioeconomic and societal problem. Upper limb dysfunction can occur in many disorders of the central nervous system including cervical spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but therapeutic approaches for upper limb dysfunction after stroke are the most thoroughly investigated. General approaches to treatment require:�(i)�avoidance of complications such as spasticity, pain, and loss of range; (ii) early high-dose engaging functional motor training; (iii) consideration of how neuroplastic processes might be engaged to enhance the effects of training. The evidence to deliver optimal personalized treatment strategies for all patients is lacking, but there is evidence that higher doses and intensity of upper limb therapy will be beneficial to most patients. Recent work has focused on how technological innovation might be used to promote recovery of upper limb function.

Neuromyelitis Optica

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teri L. Schreiner ◽  
Jeffrey L. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic’s disease is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that preferentially affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Initially considered a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO is now clearly recognized to have distinct clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics. Historically, the diagnosis of NMO required bilateral optic neuritis and transverse myelitis; however, the identification of a specific biomarker, NMO-IgG, an autoantibody against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel, has broadened NMO spectrum disease to include patients with diverse clinical and radiographic presentations. This chapter addresses the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of the disease.

Peripheral and brain tissue catecholamine content in intact and anti-NGF-treated fetal sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. R7-R12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Schuijers ◽  
D. W. Walker ◽  
C. A. Browne ◽  
G. D. Thorburn
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Catecholamine Content ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Fetal lambs were treated with a single dose of anti-mouse nerve growth factor (anti-NGF) at 80 days gestational age. The catecholamine content of tissues was determined at 135 days gestational age. There was a reduction of either norepinephrine, epinephrine, or both, in the thymus, thyroid, atrium (but not ventricle), lung, liver, kidney, and jejunum when compared with age-matched control fetuses. The spleen, ileum, colon, and the adrenal glands were not affected by anti-NGF. In treated fetuses there was a reduction in catecholamine content of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, medulla, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord. These results show that some tissues are sensitive to, and some are refractory to, the action of anti-NGF at 80 days gestation. Also the results suggest that NGF may play a role in the development of catecholamine-containing neurons within the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Case Report: Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Oligodendrogliomatosis in a Young Adult Cat

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Chludzinski ◽  
Christina Puff ◽  
Jürgen Weber ◽  
Marion Hewicker-Trautwein
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Progressive Ataxia ◽  
Proliferation Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Adult Cat

A 2-year-old cat was presented with progressive ataxia. Despite treatment the animal died. Pathomorphological examination revealed a widespread leptomeningeal mass at all levels of the central nervous system accentuated on the cervical spinal cord and the medulla oblongata without presence of a primary intraaxial tumor. The neoplasm was mainly composed of round, uninucleate cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, which were immunopositive for OLIG2, doublecortin, MAP2, synaptophysin, and vimentin, indicating components of both oligodendroglial and neuronal differentiation. Ki-67 immunohistochemistry indicated a high proliferation activity of the neoplasm. Few GFAP positive and Iba-1 positive cells were interpreted as reactive astrocytes and macrophages or microglia, respectively. The tumor was immunonegative for CD3, CD20, PAX5, MUM1, pan-cytokeratin, S100, NSE, p75NTR, NeuN and periaxin. These findings led to the diagnosis of primary diffuse leptomeningeal oligodendrogliomatosis. This is the first reported case of this entity in a young cat, which should be considered as a differential diagnosis for diffuse subarachnoidal round cell infiltrates.

Radiation-induced Cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme Subsequent to Treatment of an Astrocytoma of the Cervical Spinal Cord

Neurosurgery ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zvi H. Rappaport ◽  
David Loven ◽  
Uriel Ben-Aharon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Cerebellar Glioblastoma ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radiation Induced Tumors

Abstract A cerebellar glioblastoma multiforme was diagnosed in a 22-year-old woman. This originated in the zone adjacent to a field irradiated 14 years earlier after the removal of a noncontiguous astrocytoma of the spinal cord. The accepted criteria for radiation-induced tumors of the central nervous system are discussed.

Brainstem manifestations in neuromyelitis optica: a multicenter study of 258 patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Kremer ◽  
M Mealy ◽  
A Jacob ◽  
I Nakashima ◽  
P Cabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Optic Nerve Involvement

Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a severe autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by spinal cord and optic nerve involvement. Brainstem manifestations have recently been described. Objective: To evaluate the time of occurrence, the frequency and the characteristics of brainstem symptoms in a cohort of patients with NMO according to the ethnic background and the serologic status for anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-abs). Methods: We performed a multicenter study of 258 patients with NMO according to the 2006 Wingerchuk criteria and we evaluated prospectively the frequency, the date of onset and the duration of various brainstem signs in this population. Results: Brainstem signs were observed in 81 patients (31.4%). The most frequently observed signs were vomiting (33.1%), hiccups (22.3%), oculomotor dysfunction (19.8%), pruritus (12.4%), followed by hearing loss (2.5%), facial palsy (2.5%), vertigo or vestibular ataxia (1.7%), trigeminal neuralgia (2.5%) and other cranial nerve signs (3.3%). They were inaugural in 44 patients (54.3%). The prevalence was higher in the non-Caucasian population (36.6%) than in the Caucasian population (26%) ( p<0.05) and was higher in AQP4-ab-seropositive patients (32.7%) than in seronegative patients (26%) (not significant). Conclusions: This study confirms the high frequency of brainstem symptoms in NMO with a majority of vomiting and hiccups. The prevalence of these manifestations was higher in the non Caucasian population.

An uncommon cause of vertigo: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
pp. 014556132110533
Author(s):  
Kuan-Ling Lin ◽  
Ching-Yu Yang ◽  
Wen-Ko Su
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Atypical Presentation ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Aquaporin 4 Antibody

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an uncommon antibody-mediated disease of the central nervous system. Its classic presentation includes long segments of spinal cord inflammation, optic neuritis with or without intractable vomiting, and hiccups. Here, we described a case of a 39-year-old woman with an atypical presentation of vertigo, which was finally diagnosed as NMOSD by a positive serum aquaporin-4 antibody.

Treatment of arm and hand dysfunction after CNS damage

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Nick S. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Upper Limb Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Upper Limb Dysfunction

Residual upper limb dysfunction after injury to the central nervous system is a major clinical, socioeconomic, and societal problem. Upper limb dysfunction can occur in many disorders of the central nervous system including cervical spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but therapeutic approaches for upper limb dysfunction after stroke are the most thoroughly investigated. General approaches to treatment require (i) avoidance of complications such as spasticity, pain, and loss of range, (ii) early high dose engaging functional motor training, (iii) consideration of how neuroplastic processes might be engaged to enhance the effects of training. The evidence to deliver optimal personalized treatment strategies for all patients is lacking but there is evidence that higher doses and intensity of upper limb therapy will be beneficial to most patients. Recent work has focused on how technological innovation might be used to promote recovery of upper limb function.

An acute onset of paraparesis in 65 years old Croatian woman – a case report

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kosta
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Spinal Cord Lesions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Doses

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic`sdisease) is a rare inflammatory, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that predominantly affects the spinal cord and optic nerves. Seropositivity for NMO-IgG (aquaporin 4antybodies) and longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (3 or more segments) are characteristics of NMO. We described a 65-year old woman with an acute onset of paraparesis that was not recognized as NMO at the beginning. The diagnosis was made three months later when she was readmitted because of the relapse.Despite the treatment with high doses of methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis and immunoglobulins her condition stayed unchanged – she was paraplegic and incontinent.

Neuromyelitis Optica

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron E. Miller ◽  
Teresa M. DeAngelis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system with a predilection for the optic nerves and spinal cord, has long been confused with classical multiple sclerosis. In this chapter, we review the important clinical and radiographic distinctions of NMO and NMO spectrum disorders, and summarize promising new concepts in pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document