scholarly journals Discrimination of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma from NoncancerousEx VivoTissue Using Reflectance Spectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Xu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Duo Lin ◽  
Shanshan Wu ◽  
Maowen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Reflectance spectroscopy is a low-cost, nondestructive, and noninvasive method for detection of neoplastic lesions of mucosal tissue. This study aims to evaluate the capability of reflectance spectroscopy system under white light (400–700 nm) with a multivariate statistical analysis for distinguishing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal benignex vivotissues. High quality reflectance spectra were acquired from nasopharyngealex vivotissues belonging to 18 noncancerous and 19 cancerous subjects, and the combination of principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) along with leave-one-spectrum-out cross-validation (LOOCV) diagnostic algorithm was subsequently employed to classify different types of tissue group, achieving a diagnostic sensitivity of 73.7% and a specificity of 72.2%. Furthermore, in order to distinguish NPC from nasopharyngeal benignex vivotissues based on reflectance spectra simply, spectral intensity ratios of oxyhemoglobin (R540/R576) were used as an indicator of the carcinogenesis associated transformation in the hemoglobin oxygenation. This tentative work demonstrated the potential of reflectance spectroscopy for NPC detection usingex vivotissue and has significant experimental and clinical value for furtherin vivoNPC detection in the future.

The feasibility of multimodal fiber optic spectroscopy analysis in bladder cancer detection, grading, and staging

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110070
Author(s):  
Simone Morselli ◽  
Enrico Baria ◽  
Riccardo Cicchi ◽  
Andrea Liaci ◽  
Arcangelo Sebastianelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Classification Algorithm ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Cancer Management

Objective: To prove the feasibility of Multimodal Fiber Optic Spectroscopy (MFOS) analysis in bladder cancer (BCa) detection, grading, and staging. Materials and methods: Bladder specimens from patients underwent TURBT or TURP were recorded and analyzed with MFOS within 30 min from excision. In detail, our MFOS combined fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and diffuse reflectance. We used these optical techniques to collect spectra from bladder biopsies, then we compared the obtained results to gold standard pathological analysis. Finally, we developed a classification algorithm based on principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis. Results: A total of 169 specimens were collected and analyzed from 114 patients, 40 (23.7%) healthy (from TURP), and 129 (76.3%) with BCa. BCa specimens were divided according to their grade—34 (26.4%) low grade (LG) and 95 (73.6%) high grade (HG) BCa—and stage—64 (49.6%) Ta, 45 (34.9%) T1, and 20 (15.5%) T2. MFOS-based classification algorithm correctly discriminated healthy versus BCa with 90% accuracy, HG versus LG with 83% accuracy. Furthermore, it assessed tumor stage with 75% accuracy for Ta versus T1, 85% for T1 versus T2, and 86% for Ta versus T2. Conclusions: Our preliminary results suggest that MFOS could be a reliable, fast, and label-free tool for BCa assessment, providing also grading and staging information. This technique could be applied in future for in vivo inspection as well as of ex vivo tissue biopsies. Thus, MFOS might improve urothelial cancer management. Further studies are required.

scholarly journals Developing an Algorithm for Discriminating Oral Cancerous and Normal Tissues Using Raman Spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Mukta Sharma ◽  
Ming-Jer Jeng ◽  
Chi-Kuang Young ◽  
Shiang-Fu Huang ◽  
Liann-Be Chang
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Spectroscopic Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Validation Dataset ◽  
Linear Discriminant

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical potential of Raman spectroscopy (RS) in detecting oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in tumor and healthy tissues in surgical resection specimens during surgery. Raman experiments were performed on cryopreserved specimens from patients with OSCC. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed based on the fingerprint region (700–1800 cm−1) of the Raman spectra. One hundred thirty-one ex-vivo Raman experiments were performed on 131 surgical resection specimens obtained from 67 patients. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) methods with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied on an independent validation dataset. Both models were able to differentiate between the tissue types, but PLS–LDA showed 100% accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. In this study, Raman measurements of fresh resection tissue specimens demonstrated that OSCC had significantly higher nucleic acid, protein, and several amino acid contents than adjacent healthy tissues. The specific spectral information obtained in this study can be used to develop an in vivo Raman spectroscopic method for the tumor-free resection boundary during surgery.

Emergency surgical obstetrics simulation training: an ex vivo low-cost model using bovine uterus and porcine bladder for haemostatic uterine brace suture techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Sinclair ◽  
Mohamed Sayed Allam ◽  
Evelyn Jean Ferguson ◽  
Mohamed Khairy Mehasseb
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Broad Ligament ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Healthcare Settings

Postpartum haemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. While conventional obstetrics training curricula describe at length the management of postpartum haemorrhage, obstetrics trainees rarely have exposure to surgical management of postpartum haemorrhage in emergency situations due to reduced hours of training. Procedures such as the transverse or longitudinal haemostatic uterine brace sutures are recognised to be safe, simple and allow for the preservation of the uterus. Training during emergency situations is rarely practical or ideal. We describe a simple model that simulates the atonic postnatal uterus and allows trainees to practise the safe placement of the brace sutures. We use a bovine uterus model with attached broad ligament, bladder and ureters for the transverse haemostatic suture. For the longitudinal brace suture, we use a porcine bladder to simulate the uterus, with the ureters and bladder mesentery simulating the tubes and broad ligaments. The placement of the sutures can be practised with the uterus/bladder closed, or open akin to a caesarean section. Tissue dissection and feedback is almost similar to in vivo conditions. The sutures are inserted and driven using the material and correct placement used during real surgery. Our wet lab training model allows the acquisition, maintenance and enhancement of the required technical skills in a controlled environment, using inexpensive, reproducible and widely available specimens. The model has proved successful in both high and low-resource healthcare settings.

scholarly journals Real-Time Wireless Platform for In Vivo Monitoring of Bone Regeneration

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 4591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Blázquez-Carmona ◽  
Manuel Sanchez-Raya ◽  
Juan Mora-Macías ◽  
Juan Antonio Gómez-Galán ◽  
Jaime Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bone Lengthening ◽  
Bone Callus ◽  
Reliable Solution ◽  
Regeneration Processes

For the monitoring of bone regeneration processes, the instrumentation of the fixation is an increasingly common technique to indirectly measure the evolution of bone formation instead of ex vivo measurements or traditional in vivo techniques, such as X-ray or visual review. A versatile instrumented external fixator capable of adapting to multiple bone regeneration processes was designed, as well as a wireless acquisition system for the data collection. The design and implementation of the overall architecture of such a system is described in this work, including the hardware, firmware, and mechanical components. The measurements are conditioned and subsequently sent to a PC via wireless communication to be in vivo displayed and analyzed using a developed real-time monitoring application. Moreover, a model for the in vivo estimation of the bone callus stiffness from collected data was defined. This model was validated in vitro using elastic springs, reporting promising results with respect to previous equipment, with average errors and uncertainties below 6.7% and 14.04%. The devices were also validated in vivo performing a bone lengthening treatment on a sheep metatarsus. The resulting system allowed the in vivo mechanical characterization of the bone callus during experimentation, providing a low-cost, simple, and highly reliable solution.

scholarly journals Comparing in vivo and ex vivo fiberoptic diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in colorectal cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth J.M. Baltussen ◽  
Susan G. Brouwer De Koning ◽  
Benno H.W. Hendriks ◽  
Katarzyna Jóźwiak ◽  
Henricus J.C.M. Sterenborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy

Use of Gas Chromatograms of the Essential Leaf Oils of the Genus Eucalyptus for Taxonomic Purposes

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Dunlop ◽  
Caroline M. Bignell ◽  
D. Brynn Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Linear Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Vacuum Distillation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Genus Eucalyptus

Using morphological observations, botanists have classified Eucalyptus species into characteristic series. A new vacuum distillation technique has been employed to obtain the characteristic leaf oils, which are very close to their in vivo compositions, from 35 species belonging to series Tetrapterae, series Torquatae and series Rufispermae. Accurate gas chromatograms have been obtained for each species and three analytical techniques (principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (CA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)) have been used to process these chromatograms to see if agreement with these classifications could be achieved without using any auxiliary morphometric data. For the species chosen for the present study, linear discriminant analysis was the most successful in assigning species to their present botanic classifications. These analytical methods were also used with some success in searching for groupings within a series and within a species.

scholarly journals Raman Needle Arthroscopy for In Vivo Molecular Assessment of Cartilage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Kroupa ◽  
Man I Wu ◽  
Juncheng Zhang ◽  
Magnus Jensen ◽  
Wei Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Superficial Zone ◽  
Human Cartilage ◽  
Polarized Raman ◽  
Bovine Cartilage

The development of treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) is burdened by the lack of standardized biomarkers of cartilage health that can be applied in clinical trials. We present a novel arthroscopic Raman probe that can optically biopsy cartilage and quantify key ECM biomarkers for determining cartilage composition, structure, and material properties in health and disease. Technological and analytical innovations to optimize Raman analysis include: 1) multivariate decomposition of cartilage Raman spectra into ECM-constituent-specific biomarkers (glycosaminoglycan [GAG], collagen [COL], water [H2O] scores), and 2) multiplexed polarized Raman spectroscopy to quantify superficial zone collagen anisotropy via a PLS-DA-derived Raman collagen alignment factor (RCAF). Raman measurements were performed on a series of ex vivo cartilage models: 1) chemically GAG-depleted bovine cartilage explants (n=40), 2) mechanically abraded bovine cartilage explants (n=30), 3) aging human cartilage explants (n=14), and 4) anatomical-site-varied ovine osteochondral explants (n=6). Derived Raman GAG score biomarkers predicted 95%, 66%, and 96% of the variation in GAG content of GAG-depleted bovine explants, human explants, and ovine explants, respectively (p<0.001). RCAF values were significantly different for explants with abrasion-induced superficial zone collagen loss (p<0.001). The multivariate linear regression of Raman-derived ECM biomarkers (GAG and H2O scores) predicted 94% of the variation in elastic modulus of ovine explants (p<0.001). Finally, we demonstrated the first in vivo Raman arthroscopy assessment of an ovine femoral condyle through intraarticular entry into the synovial capsule. This work advances Raman arthroscopy towards a transformative low cost, minimally invasive diagnostic platform for objective monitoring of treatment outcomes from emerging OA therapies.

scholarly journals Characterizing Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Immune Modulatory Potency Using Targeted Lipidomic Profiling of Sphingolipids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S'Dravious Arkius DeVeaux ◽  
Molly E Ogle ◽  
Sofiya Vyshnya ◽  
Nathan F Chiappa ◽  
Bobby Leitmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Acyl Chain ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Fatty Acyl Chain ◽  
Bioactive Lipids ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Linear Discriminant

Cell therapies are expected to increase over the next decade due to increasing demand for clinical applications. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been explored to treat a number of diseases, with some successes in early clinical trials. Despite early successes, poor MSC characterization results in lessened therapeutic capacity once in vivo. Here, we characterized bone marrow (BM), adipose derived and umbilical cord tissue MSCs sphingolipids (SLs), a class of bioactive lipids, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We found ceramide levels differed based upon donors sex in BM MSCs. We detected fatty acyl chain variants in MSCs from all 3 sources. Principal component analysis showed IFNg; primed and untreated MSCs separated according to their SL signature. We detected higher ceramide levels in low IDO MSCs, indicating sphingomeylinase or ceramidase enzymatic activity may be involved in their immune potency. Lastly, linear discriminant analysis revealed that MSCs separated based on tissue source.

scholarly journals Radiologic-Pathologic Analysis of Increased Ethanol Localization and Ablative Extent Achieved by Ethyl Cellulose

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Chelales ◽  
Robert Morhard ◽  
Corrine Nief ◽  
Brian Crouch ◽  
Alan Sag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Liver Tumors ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract PurposeEthanol provides a rapid, low-cost ablative solution for liver tumors with a small technological footprint but suffers from uncontrolled diffusion in target tissue, limiting treatment precision and accuracy. The authors demonstrate that incorporating the gel-forming polymer ethyl cellulose to ethanol localizes the distribution. This therapy may have a low barrier of entry for cancer care in low- and middle- income countries.Materials and MethodsThe relationship of radiodensity to ethanol concentration was characterized with water-ethanol surrogates. Ex vivo EC-ethanol ablations were performed to optimize the formulation (n=6). In vivo ablations were performed to compare the optimal EC-ethanol formulation to pure ethanol (n=6). Ablations were monitored with CT and ethanol distribution volume was quantified. Livers were explanted, sectioned and stained with NADH-diaphorase to determine the ablative extent.ResultsCT imaging of ethanol-water surrogates demonstrated the ethanol concentration-radiodensity relationship is approximately linear. A concentration of 12% EC in ethanol created the largest distribution volume, more than 8-fold that of pure ethanol, ex vivo. In vivo, 12% EC-ethanol was superior to pure ethanol, yielding a distribution volume 3 times greater and an ablation zone 6 times greater than pure ethanol.Conclusions EC-ethanol, a novel gel formulation injectable ablative injectate, safely increases distribution and necrosis compared to pure ethanol.

scholarly journals RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY OF HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN FOR DIABETES DETECTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350051 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUQIANG LIN ◽  
JINYONG LIN ◽  
ZUFANG HUANG ◽  
PENG LU ◽  
JING WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Human Hemoglobin ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Diabetes Monitoring

Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) has been increasingly accepted as the gold standard for diabetes monitoring. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was tentatively employed for human hemoglobin (Hb) biochemical analysis aimed at developing a simple blood test for diabetes monitoring. Raman spectroscopy measurements were performed on hemoglobin samples of patients (n = 39) with confirmed diabetes and healthy volunteers (n = 37). The tentative assignments of the measured Raman bands were performed to compare the difference between these two groups. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were employed to develop effective diagnostic algorithms for classification between normal controls and patients with diabetes. As a result, the spectral features of these two groups demonstrated two distinct clusters with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 73%, respectively. Then the effectiveness of the diagnostic algorithm based on PCA-LDA technique was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The area under the ROC curve was 0.92, indicating a good diagnostic result. In summary, our preliminary results demonstrate that proposing Raman spectroscopy can provide a significant potential for the noninvasive detection of diabetes.

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