Liver Enzymes Abnormalities among Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Experienced and HAART Naïve HIV-1 Infected Patients at Debre Tabor Hospital, North West Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Liver disease has emerged as the most common non-AIDS-related cause of death in HIV patients. However, there is limited data regarding this condition including our setting in Ethiopia. Hence, liver enzyme abnormalities among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) experienced and HAART naïve patients were assessed in this study. A total of 164 HAART experienced and 164 HAART naïve patients were studied. Blood specimen was collected to determine alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), CD4 count, and viral hepatitis. The prevalence of liver enzyme abnormality was 20.1% and 22.0% among HAART experienced and HAART naïve patients, respectively. The HAART experienced patients had higher mean ALT than HAART naïve patients (P=0.002). Viral hepatitis (AOR = 6.02; 95% CI = 1.87–19.39), opportunistic infections (AOR = 2.91; 95% CI = 1.04–8.19), current CD4 count <200 cells/mm3(AOR = 2.16; 95% CI = 1.06–4.39), and male sex (AOR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.001–3.33) were associated with elevated ALT and/or AST. In conclusion, liver enzyme abnormalities were high in both HAART experienced and HAART naïve HIV-1 infected patients. Hence, monitoring and management of liver enzyme abnormalities in HIV-1 infected patients are important in our setting.

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Differences in Serum Levels of Magnesium, Phosphate, and Albumin for HAART-Experienced and HAART-Naïve Female Patients Attending Parirenyatwa Opportunistic Infections Clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe

ISRN AIDS ◽

10.1155/2013/383214 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Denise Mudzinge ◽

Tinashe Kenny Nyazika ◽

Tawanda Jonathan Chisango ◽

Danai Tavonga Zhou

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Magnesium Phosphate ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Active ◽

Significant Difference

Antiretroviral therapy inhibits HIV replication, maintains health, and preserves life. However, both antiretroviral therapy and HIV infection have been reported to have short- and long-term effects on bone metabolism. A cross-sectional study was performed to compare serum bone profiles in HIV positive patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy and compare them to therapy-naïve patients. Serum levels of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and albumin were measured in 40 female participants on highly active antiretroviral therapy, recruited sequentially from Parirenyatwa Opportunistic Infections Clinic, Harare, Zimbabwe. The 40 women were matched for age with 40 antiretroviral therapy-naïve women. Magnesium, phosphate, and albumin levels were significantly higher in the therapy-naïve than in therapy-experienced patients. There was no statistically significant difference in calcium levels of the two groups of women. Evidence from this study suggests that highly active antiretroviral therapy lowers levels of magnesium, phosphate, and albumin but has no effect on levels of serum calcium.

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Correlation between Leptin Levels and CD4 Count in HIV Patients Receiving Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 365-368

Author(s):

Lydia Theresia Tampubolon ◽

Dharma Lindarto ◽

Santi Syafril

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

T Lymphocytes ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Keywords Leptin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Active ◽

The Mean

Background: HIV/AIDS is an immunodeficiency disease with CD4 T lymphocytes as the main target. Although antiretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy of HIV patients, its adverse effect, lipodystrophy, causes a decrease in leptin production by adipose tissue and reduce leptin effect on T lymphocytes’ stimulation. Previous studies had examined the correlation between leptin levels and CD4 count, although the results were inconclusive. This study aims to assess the association between leptin levels and CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART. Methods: This is a cross sectional study conducted at the outpatient clinic of Tropical and Infectious Disease Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan between April and July 2020. Correlation between variables were assessed through Pearson’s or Spearman’s correlations. Data were analyzed using the SPPS program where p <0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 40 HIV patients were analyzed. The mean age of the subjects were 33.62 ± 7.61 years. The mean leptin levels were 1198.97 ± 832.47 ng/mL and the mean CD4 count was 330.55 ± 163.98 cells/mm3. There were no significant differences in leptin levels between HIV stage III and IV (1067.71 ± 902.39 vs. 1090.80 ± 1185.74, p = 0.961). No significant differences were found between CD4 count and HIV clinical stage (392.34 ± 164.70 vs. 339.0 ± 177.46, p = 0.904). There was a significant association between leptin levels and CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART (r = 0.351, p = 0.026). Conclusion: Leptin levels were significantly correlated with CD4 count in HIV patients receiving HAART. Keywords: Leptin, CD4 lymphocyte count, HIV, highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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Opportunistic infections among individuals with HIV-1/AIDS in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era at a Quaternary Level Care Teaching Hospital

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/0037-8682-0299-2014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 149-156 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katia Jaira Galisteu ◽

Luciana Ventura Cardoso ◽

Adriana Antônia da Cruz Furini ◽

Arlindo Schiesari Júnior ◽

Claudia Bernardi Cesarino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Opportunistic Infections ◽

Care Teaching ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv 1

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The Naive CD4+ Count in HIV-1-infected Patients at Time of Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy is Strongly Associated with the Level of Immunological Recovery

Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1080/00365540110076930 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Christian G. Michael ◽

Ole Kirk ◽

Lars Mathiesen ◽

Susanne D. Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Highly Active ◽

Immunological Recovery ◽

Hiv 1

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Clinical and immunological responses of zidovudine lamivudine-nevirapine versus tenofovir lamivudine-efavirenz antiretroviral treatment among HIV-1 infected adults: Gandhi Hospital, Telangana, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20192494 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 2177

Author(s):

Deepak Pandharpurkar ◽

Gudikandula Krishna ◽

P. Mallikarjun

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antiretroviral Drugs ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Clinical Staging ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Highly Active

Background: HAART (Highly active antiretroviral therapy) is the cornerstone of management of patients with HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy was started in the year 1986 with the first drug Zidovudine (ZDV). Later on, other antiretroviral drugs (NRTIs, NNRTIs and Pls) were introduced. Dual and mono therapies were used initially but the problem of resistance emerged. Currently, 3 or more ARV drugs are recommended globally for the treatment of people with HIV infection.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at a tertiary care Hospital over 200 patients, two commonly used medications are ZLN (Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz ). The factors considered to affect the clinical and immunologic outcomes in both groups were assessed using baseline CD4 count, WHO clinical staging, presence of chronic diarrhea, anemia, and baseline weight, occurrence of TB, and switching of ART regimen.Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. ART documents of 100 patients are on Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Nevirapine) and 100 patients are on TLE (Tenofovir+Lamivudine+Efavirenz) regimen. Out of 200 patients, 97 were males and 103 were females. Maximum number of subjects were in the age of 15-45 years (82.5%) followed by 45 and above (17.5%). Mean age was 34.5±2.5 (years) with range 15 to 65 years. The baseline CD4 count of the patients, 94 were <350 and 6 were ≥350 on ZLN, in case of TLE 82 were <350 and 18 were ≥350. CD4 count after 6 months in 200 patients as follows, 60 were <350 and 40 were ≥350 in case of TLE 53 were <350 and 47 were ≥350.Conclusions: This research finding concluded that there is no critical difference between the two medications in regards to serious adverse events but did find that TDF is superior to AZT in terms of immunologic response and adherence and more frequent emergence of resistance.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children in Kenya.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1090936.544291 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Schapiro

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv 1

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Treatment intensification does not reduce residual HIV-1 viremia in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1163123.623787 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Edward Berger

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Treatment Intensification ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv 1

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Antigen-driven CD4+ T cell and HIV-1 dynamics: Residual viral replication under highly active antiretroviral therapy

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.96.26.15167 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 96 (26) ◽

pp. 15167-15172 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

N. M. Ferguson ◽

F. deWolf ◽

A. C. Ghani ◽

C. Fraser ◽

C. A. Donnelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Viral Replication ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv 1

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Hematological Profile of HIV-Infected Patients on First-Line Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and Its Correlation With CD4 Count

International Journal of Recent Surgical and Medical Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730257 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

John Jospeh Diamond Princy ◽

Kshetrimayum Birendra Singh ◽

Ningthoujam Biplab ◽

Ningthoukhongjam Reema ◽

Rajesh Boini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Total Leukocyte Count ◽

Hiv Patients ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Highly Active ◽

The Mean

Abstract Introduction Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a state of profound immunodeficiency. Disorders of hematopoietic system are a common but often overlooked complication of HIV infection. This can manifest at any stage of the disease but more commonly in the advanced stage with low CD4 count. Anemia is the most common hematological abnormality in HIV patients and prevalence ranges from 1.3 to 95%. As HIV disease progresses, the prevalence and severity of anemia also increase. Hence, this study was undertaken to assess the hematological parameters of HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at different treatment durations with the hope to improve the HAART outcome in HIV patients and its correlation with CD4 count. Methods This prospective longitudinal study enrolled 134 HIV-infected patients admitted to or attending the OPD in the Department of Medicine or Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Center (Center of Excellence), Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal, Manipur, from 2018 to 2020. Complete hemogram, CD4 count, and other related-blood investigations were studied. Results The mean age of the study population was 39.9 ± 11.04 years. Of the 134 patients, 75 (56%) were males and 59 (44%) were females. Twelve (9%) patients had a history of injecting drug use (IDU). TLE (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) regimen was started on 112 (83.6%) patients and the majority of them (69/134 [51.5%]) had a CD4 count of 200 to 499 cells/mm3, which increased significantly 6 months after HAART to 99 to 1,149 cells/mm3, with a mean of 445 ± 217 cells/mm3. There were significant improvements in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, total leukocyte count (TLC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) after HAART indicating a positive correlation with CD4 count (p < 0.05). Thrombocytopenia was observed higher after HAART when compared to baseline. There was a positive correlation between platelet count and CD4 count. However, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) had a negative correlation with CD4 count. Conclusion The study inferred a strong positive correlation between CD4 and Hb levels, TLC, ANC, ALC, and platelet count after HAART with improvement in these values as CD4 count increases. Specific treatment intervention based on the changes in the immunohematological profile trends can help prevent most of the adverse effects on HIV patients in our community.

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