scholarly journals Effect of Low-Pressurized Perfusion with Different Concentration of Elastase on the Aneurysm Formation Rate in the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model in Rabbits

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maoxiao Nie ◽  
Yunfeng Yan ◽  
Xinhe Li ◽  
Tingting Feng ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Aneurysm Formation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Establishing an animal model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is the key to study the pathogenesis and the pathophysiological features of AAAs. We investigated the effects of low-pressurized perfusion with different concentrations of elastase on aneurysm formation rate in the AAA model. Fifty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into A, B, C, D, and E groups. 10 μL of normal saline was perfused into the abdominal aorta in group A and 1 U/mL, 10 U/mL, 100 U/mL, or 200 U/mL of elastase was, respectively, perfused for the other four groups. All the animals were perfused for 7 min. Doppler ultrasound examinations of the abdominal aorta were performed before surgery and on day 14 after surgery. The rabbits were sacrificed and the perfused segment of the abdominal aorta was observed visually and after staining. The aneurysm formation rate of group A, group B, group C, group D, and group E was, respectively, 0%, 0%, 33.3%, 102.5–146.8%, and 241.5–255.2%. The survival rate of five groups was 90%, 90%, 90%, 90%, and 40%, respectively. So, we concluded that low-pressurized perfusion with 100 U/mL of elastase can effectively establish AAAs in rabbits with a high aneurysm formation rate.

Does Specialization Improve Outcome in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery?

Vascular ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Rosenthal ◽  
Oliver von Känel ◽  
Thomas Eugster ◽  
Peter Stierli ◽  
Lorenz Gürke
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Group A ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Group B ◽  
Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Specialization and high volume are reported to be related to a better outcome after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The aim of this study was to compare, in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, the outcomes of those whose surgery was done by general surgeons with the outcomes of those whose surgery was done by specialist vascular surgeons. All patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair at the Basel University Hospital (referral center) from January 1990 to December 2000 were included. Patients with endovascular treatment were excluded. Operations in group A ( n = 189), between January 1990 and May 1995, were done by general surgeons. Operations in group B ( n = 291), between June 1995 and December 2000, were done by vascular surgeons. In-hospital mortality and local and systemic complications were assessed. In-hospital mortality rates were significantly lower for group B (with specialist surgeons) than for group A, both overall (group B, 11.7%; group A, 21.7%; p = .003) and for emergency interventions (group B, 28.1%; group A, 41.9%; p = .042). The reduction in mortality for elective surgery in group B was not statistically significant (group B, 1.1%; group A, 4.9%; p = .054). There were significantly fewer pulmonary complications in group B compared with group A ( p = .000). We conclude that in patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, those whose surgery is done by a specialized team have a significantly better outcome than those whose surgery is done by general surgeons.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of the Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Model in Rabbits Prepared by Pancreatic Elastase Combined With Angiotensin II

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Mao-xiao Nie ◽  
Quan-ming Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Pancreatic Elastase ◽  
Aneurysm Formation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aneurysm Diameter ◽  
Aneurysm Model

Objective: This study aimed to observe the effect of pancreatic elastase combined with angiotensin II on a stable rabbit abdominal aortic aneurysm model. Methods: A total of 20 male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into groups A and B, with 10 rabbits per group. The rabbits in group A were given an intraperitoneal perfusion of pancreatic elastase, and the rabbits in group B were given continuous pumping of angiotensin II in addition to the operation of group A. Before the operation and at 2, 4, and 16 weeks postoperation, vascular color Doppler ultrasonography was performed, and blood samples were collected to measure the serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP2 levels. At 16 weeks postoperation, all rabbits in both groups were killed, and hematoxylin and eosin, Elastic-van-Gieson, Masson’s, and immunohistochemical staining were performed for the vessel specimens. Results: At 2 weeks postoperation, the aneurysm formation rates of the 2 groups were both 100%, and the average expansion rates of the aneurysm diameters were 85% and 93%, respectively; these differences were not significant ( P = .150 and P = .280, respectively). At 4 weeks postoperation, the aneurysm formation rates of the 2 groups were 71.4% and 100%, and the average expansion rates of the aneurysm diameter were 68% and 99%, respectively; the differences between the groups were significant ( P = .031 and P = .022, respectively). At 16 weeks postoperation, the aneurysm formation rates of the 2 groups were 14.3% and 100%, and the average expansion rates of the aneurysm diameter were 12% and 108%, respectively; the differences between the groups were significant ( P = .026 and P = .014, respectively). Conclusion: Compared to the abdominal aortic aneurysm modeling method in rabbits based on pancreatic elastase alone, the abdominal aortic aneurysm modeling method in rabbits using pancreatic elastase combined with angiotensin II maintained the morphology of the abdominal aortic aneurysm for a longer time, showing an important application value for the long-term observation of changes in abdominal aortic aneurysms.

scholarly journals Prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon occlusion for patients with pernicious placenta previa: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huo ◽  
Hansheng Liang ◽  
Yi Feng
Keyword(s):  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Balloon Occlusion ◽  
Artery Embolism ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Clinical Records ◽  
Group D ◽  
Central Placenta Previa

Abstract Background Pernicious placenta previa (PPP) can increase the risk of perioperative complications. During caesarean section in patients with adherent placenta, intraoperative blood loss, hysterectomy rate and transfusion could be reduced by interventional methods. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of maternal hemodynamics control and neonatal outcomes of prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon (PTAAB) occlusion for patients with pernicious placenta previa. Methods This was a retrospective study using data from the Peking University People’s Hospital from January 2014 through January 2020. Clinical records of pregnant women undergoing cesarean section were collected. Patients were divided into two groups: treatment with PTAAB placement (group A) and no balloon placement (group B). Group A was further broken down into two groups: prophylactic placement (Group C) and balloon occlusion (group D). Results Clinical records of 33 cases from 5205 pregnant women underwent cesarean section were collected. The number of groups A, B, C, and D were 17, 16, 5 and 12.We found that a significant difference in the post-operative uterine artery embolism rates between group A and group B (0% vs.31.3%, p = 0.018). There was a significant difference in the Apgar scores at first minute between group A and group B (8.94 ± 1.43 vs 9.81 ± 0.75,p = 0.037),and the same significant difference between two groups in the pre-operative central placenta previa (29.4% vs. 0%,p = 0.044), complete placenta previa (58.8% vs 18.8%, p = 0.032),placenta implantation (76.5% vs 31.3%, p = 0.015). We could also observe the significant difference in the amount of blood cell (2.80 ± 2.68vs.10.66 ± 11.97, p = 0.038) and blood plasma transfusion (280.00 ± 268.32 vs. 1033.33 ± 1098.20, p = 0.044) between group C and group D. The significant differences in the preoperative vaginal bleeding conditions (0% vs 75%, p = 0.009), the intraoperative application rates of vasopressors (0% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.044) and the postoperative ICU (intensive care unit) admission rates (0% vs. 58.3%, p = 0.044) were also kept. Conclusions PTAAB occlusion could be useful in reducing the rate of post-operative uterine artery embolism and the amount of transfusion, and be useful in coping with patients with preoperative vaginal bleeding conditions, so as to reduce the rate of intraoperative applications of vasopressors and the postoperative ICU (intensive care unit) admission. In PPP patients with placenta implantation, central placenta previa and complete placenta previa, we advocate the utilization of prophylactic temporary abdominal aortic balloon placement.

Abstract 286: Loss of Smad3 Exacerbates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation With Enhanced Inflammation in an Experimental Mouse Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Dai ◽  
Anandita Arora ◽  
Jianbin Shen ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
The United States ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Aneurysm Formation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chloride Treatment

Introduction Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a complex vascular disease that causes more than 10,000 deaths each year in the United States. Extensive studies have been performed in search of pharmaceutical treatment but surgical repair still remains the most effective treatment. TGF-β signaling is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of aneurysms; however, there is debate as to whether its role is protective or destructive. Smad3 is a major intracellular mediator of the canonical pathway of TGF-β signaling. Hypothesis We hypothesize that Smad3-mediated TGF-β signal pathway plays important roles in the pathogenesis of AAA. Methods To test this hypothesis, we analyze the effects of loss of Smad3 on aneurysm formation in the calcium chloride induced AAA model using Smad3 knockout mice. Results Three weeks after calcium chloride treatment, the abdominal aorta displayed increased dilation, forming aneurysms. Histology and immunohistochemistry analyses show increased cell proliferation and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration in the media and adventitia of the vessel wall. This was accompanied by elastic fibers degradation, increased MMPs expression and reduced expression of smooth muscle markers. Further analysis showed that the expression and nuclear localization of Smad2 and Smad4 was significantly increased. Conclusions These results demonstrate that Smad3-mediated TGF-β signaling plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of AAA and Smad2/Smad4 upregulation is not sufficient to compensate for the loss of Smad3 in this experimental model.

Abstract 3718: MMP-12 Inhibitor Reduces Severity of ANGII-induced Aortic Abdominal Aneurysms in apoE−/− Mice

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn A Savio ◽  
Anita R Halpern ◽  
Yuchuan Wu ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Joseph Sypek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Macrophage Recruitment ◽  
Aneurysm Formation ◽  
Abdominal Aortic

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an inflammatory disorder characterized by local connective tissue degradation, macrophage recruitment and infiltration leading to aortic dilation and rupture. Aneurysms of the abdominal aorta represent a significant cardiovascular risk for which inflammation plays an integral role in the defined pathology. Genetic ablation of metalloprotease-12 (MMP-12) eliminates metalloelastase activity and attenuates aneurysm formation in apoE−/− mice. In the current study, a selective MMP-12 inhibitor, WAY-644 was evaluated in the well-established murine model of ANGII-induced aneurysm formation. This inhibitor displays activity for murine MMP-12, IC50 = 6.3 nM by FRET analysis, with low crossreactivity for other MMPs (exception MMP-8), and has established in vivo efficacy in inflammation models. Coadministration of WAY-644 to hyperlipidemic apoE−/− mice during ANGII infusion (1.44 mg/kg) for 28d alters the severity of AngII-induced AAAs as measured by changes in abdominal aortic wet weights and typical AAA classification. As expected, plasma MMP-12 protease activity measured by FRET analysis was inhibited. RNA profiling of abdominal aortic aneurysm tissue characterizes ANGII-induced AAA expansion driven by macrophage infiltration, destructive MMP production and attenuation by MMP-12 inhibition. The transcription of a subset of proinflammatory genes activated with ANGII treatment was repressed by the inhibitor. These genes include quantitative markers of macrophage accumulation in the vessel wall, CD68, MCP1/CCL2, CCR2, MMP-12, and Csf1. Associated reductions in gene markers for inflammation and oxidative stress, ie., heme oxidase (HO), nitric oxide synthase (nos2), Ikbkb, and Stat3 also correlate with MMP-12 antagonism. These changes occur in the absence of lipid changes (TC or TG), or quantitative changes in aortic arch lesions in the ANGII-infused animals. The findings support a mechanism whereby MMP-12 metalloelastase inactivation reduces macrophage recruitment to aneurysmal lesion sites, to lessen activated-macrophage expression of proinflammatory cytokines that figure prominently in vascular wall destruction and the pathogenesis of AAAs.

scholarly journals BMSCs Seeding in Different Scaffold Incorporation with Hyperbaric Oxygen Treat Seawater Immersed Bony Defect

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
gan zhang ◽  
Xiaosong Chen ◽  
Xunsheng Cheng ◽  
Xiuwu Ma ◽  
Congcong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defect ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Bony Defect ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

Abstract Introduction: The experiment was undertaken to estimate the effect of BMSCs seeding in different scaffold incorporation with HBO on the repair of seawater immersed bone defect. And future compared n-HA/PLGA with β-TCP/PLGA as scaffold in treatment effect of seawater immersed bone defect.Methods: 60 New Zealand White rabbits with standard seawater defect in radius were randomly divided to group A (implant with nothing), group B (implanted with atuogenous bone), group C (implanted with n-HA/PLGA/BMSCs, and Group D ( implanted with β-TCP/PLGA/BMSCs). After implant, each rabbit receive HBO treatment at 2.4 ATA 100% oxygen for 120 minutes per day for 2 weeeks. Radiograph, histological and biomechanical examination were used to analyze osteogenesis.Result: X-ray analysis show that n-HA/PLGA/BMSCs and β-TCP/PLGA/BMSCs could accelerate the new bone formation, and the new bone formation in group C was lager than in group D or group A, and close to group B (P<0.05). After 12 weeks, in group A, defect without scaffold show a loose connect tissue filled in the areas. The medullary canal in group B was recanalizated. Defect in group C and D show a larger number of wove bone formation. The new wove bone formation in defect areas in group C was lager than D. The mechanical examination revealed ultimate strength at 12 weeks were group D>group C>group B>group A(P<0.05).Conclusion: Scaffold of n-HA/PLGA and β-TCP/PLGA incorporation with HBO and BMSCs were effective to treat seawater immersed bone defect, and n-HA/PLGA was more excellent than β-TCP/PLGA.

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