scholarly journals A New Hybrid Protocol for Random Access and Data Transmission Based on Two-Phase ACB Mechanisms for M2M Communications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Wu ◽  
Ningbo Zhang ◽  
Guixia Kang
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
M2m Communications ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Key Issues

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is considered as one of the key enablers for providing of advanced services and applications. Since M2M features a massive number of user equipment (UE) pieces, one of the key issues is the radio access network (RAN) overload problem for massive connections in M2M communications. In order to improve the number of successful accesses (i.e., the M2M UE pieces that successfully transmit data packets) for M2M communications in the current long term evolution (LTE) systems, we propose a new hybrid protocol for random access (RA) and data transmission based on two-phase access class barring (ACB) mechanisms. Furthermore, the joint optimization algorithm of the two-phase ACB factors and the number of resource blocks (RBs) allocated for RA and data transmission is designed to maximize the number of successful accesses. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can significantly improve the number of successful accesses and achieve performance improvement in reducing the grant time.

Opportunities of hybrid random access protocols for M2M communications in LTE/LTE-A networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Huda Althumali ◽  
Mohamed Othman ◽  
Nor Kamariah Noordin ◽  
Zurina Mohd Hanapi
Keyword(s):  
Congestion Control ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Collision Resolution ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
M2m Communications ◽  
Access Protocols ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hybrid Protocols

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications on Long-term evolution (LTE) networks form a substantial part for the Internet-of-things (IoT). The random access procedure is the first step for M2M devices to access network resources. Many researchers have attempted to improve the efficiency of the random access procedure. This work revisits the performance of the hybrid random access protocols which combine congestion control techniques with collision resolution techniques. In particular, we investigate two hybrid protocols. The first one combines the pre-backoff (PBO) with tree random access (TRA), and the second one combines dynamic access barring (DAB) with TRA. The probability analysis is presented for both protocols. The performance is evaluated based on the access success rate, the mean throughput, the mean delay, the collision rate and the mean retransmissions. The simulation results show that the hybrid protocols achieve the highest success rate and throughput with moderate delay and low collision rates with a lower mean number of retransmissions compared to three benchmarks that apply either a congestion control or a collision resolution. The opportunities of future developments of hybrid protocols are listed at the end of this paper to highlight the issues that could be investigated to improve the performance of hybrid random access protocols.

scholarly journals Multi-Tier Cellular Handover with Multi-Access Edge Computing and Deep Learning

Telecom ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-471
Author(s):  
Percy Kapadia ◽  
Boon-Chong Seet
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Lstm Network ◽  
Multi Access

This paper proposes a potential enhancement of handover for the next-generation multi-tier cellular network, utilizing two fifth-generation (5G) enabling technologies: multi-access edge computing (MEC) and machine learning (ML). MEC and ML techniques are the primary enablers for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable and low latency communication (URLLC). The subset of ML chosen for this research is deep learning (DL), as it is adept at learning long-term dependencies. A variant of artificial neural networks called a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is used in conjunction with a look-up table (LUT) as part of the proposed solution. Subsequently, edge computing virtualization methods are utilized to reduce handover latency and increase the overall throughput of the network. A realistic simulation of the proposed solution in a multi-tier 5G radio access network (RAN) showed a 40–60% improvement in overall throughput. Although the proposed scheme may increase the number of handovers, it is effective in reducing the handover failure (HOF) and ping-pong rates by 30% and 86%, respectively, compared to the current 3GPP scheme.

scholarly journals Investigation of random access computer networks operating in a diffusion environment with an increasing number of subscriber stations

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Vavilov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Multiple Access ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Network Protocols ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Transmission Mechanisms ◽  
Repeated Calls

Improving the performance of various types of communication networks in the modern world remains an urgent task, in connection with which research is underway to create hardware that expands the throughput of physical channels, new network protocols are being developed and existing network protocols are being modified, mathematical and computer modeling of data transmission mechanisms in communication networks is being carried out. The speed and reliability of data transmission over networks also depends on a number of factors, the nature of the influence of which is random. The combination of such factors is called a random environment. If the change in the states of the medium is continuous, then we speak of a diffusion medium. The object of the research is communication networks controlled by multiple access protocols and functioning in a random (diffusion) environment. The research tool for multiple access networks is the mathematical apparatus of the theory of finite-difference and differential equations, the theory of random processes and the theory of queuing. The proposed mathematical model of communication networks in a diffusion environment is investigated by an asymptotic method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time a mathematical model of a multiple access network operating in a diffusion environment was proposed and an asymptotic study was carried out. The asymptotic average of the normalized number of claims in the orbit (the source of repeated calls) and the deviation from this average are found, and the probability density of the values of the process of changing the number of claims in the orbit is obtained.

scholarly journals Enhancing Radio Access Network Performance over LTE-A for Machine-to-Machine Communications under Massive Access

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fatemah Alsewaidi ◽  
Angela Doufexi ◽  
Dritan Kaleshi
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Machine To Machine ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Control Traffic

The expected tremendous growth of machine-to-machine (M2M) devices will require solutions to improve random access channel (RACH) performance. Recent studies have shown that radio access network (RAN) performance is degraded under the high density of devices. In this paper, we propose three methods to enhance RAN performance for M2M communications over the LTE-A standard. The first method employs a different value for the physical RACH configuration index to increase random access opportunities. The second method addresses a heterogeneous network by using a number of picocells to increase resources and offload control traffic from the macro base station. The third method involves aggregation points and addresses their effect on RAN performance. Based on evaluation results, our methods improved RACH performance in terms of the access success probability and average access delay.

scholarly journals Secure Mobile IPv6 for Mobile Networks based on the 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Domenico Celentano ◽  
Antonio Fresa ◽  
Maurizio Longo ◽  
Fabio Postiglione ◽  
Anton Luca Robustelli
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Mobile Ipv6 ◽  
Ip Multimedia Subsystem ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Key Issues

The rapid spread of new radio access technologies and the consequent service opportunities have stimulated thetechnical and scientific community to investigate future evolution scenarios for 3rd Generation networks (3G), generically referred to as Beyond-3G or 4G. They are going to be characterized by ever stronger requirements for security, as well as the capability for the final users to experience continuous connectivity and uninterrupted services of IP applications as they move about from one access network to another. Key issues are: i) securityprovision for applications exchanging data in diverse wireless networks; ii) seamless mobility (handoff) between different coverage domains and, in case, access technologies. Since many proposals are based on the use of the Mobile IPv6 protocol, in this paper we analyze the security threats emerging from some Mobile IPv6 mechanisms for mobility management, and we propose a solution against such threats, under the assumption that both end users (mobile or not) are attached to a Mobile IPv6-enabled 3GPP IP Multimedia Subsystem network.

scholarly journals Analysis Of User Throughput Based Predictive Mobility Load Balancing Using Logarithmic Regression Of Reference Signal Received Quality In Long Term Evolution Radio Access Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Achmad Rizal Danisya ◽  
Rendy Munadi ◽  
Sofia Naning Hertiana
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Resource Block ◽  
Radio Access Network ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
User Throughput

The improvement of Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network services is affecting the increased value of traffic load in its network, which is causing traffic unbalance between cells in LTE Radio Access Network (RAN). Users will be served with ineffective resource block allocation which will make the total of gained throughput are not optimal. A method is required to move network load from overloaded cells to underloaded cells in order to balance the resource block allocation optimally. By using NS-3.26 simulation, User Throughput Based (UTB) predictive Mobility Load Balancing (MLB) method is tested with RandomWalkMobilityModel for each user. This method produces an improvement of 2,29 % in average of total throughput of 63,33 % successful optimization.

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