scholarly journals Fundamental Analysis of the Perturbation Rejection Characteristics of Single-Input-Multiple-Output Systems Subject to Multiple Perturbations

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Amezquita-Brooks ◽  
Jesús Ulises Liceaga-Castro ◽  
Eduardo Liceaga-Castro ◽  
Daniel Martinez-Vazquez ◽  
Octavio Garcia-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Tracking Control ◽  
Fundamental Analysis ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Single-Input-Multiple-Output (SIMO) systems are found in several applications. Some of the main concerns are (1) the possibility of stabilizing all the outputs and (2) the possibility of attaining independent tracking control of all the outputs. Whereas the first issue can be easily be elucidated, the second has proven to be impossible in all but a few systems. In many cases one practical option is to use the input to drive a main output, taking care that the behavior of the remaining secondary outputs is acceptable. In this configuration, in addition to the features of the main control loop, the perturbation rejection properties of the secondary outputs become important. This article analyzes the structural properties, stability, and perturbation rejection characteristics of SIMO systems. The article presents fundamental conclusions regarding the relationship of the main control loop and the perturbation rejection characteristics of the secondary outputs. A simple and intuitive example is used to show how the theoretical findings can be used to improve the design of the main control loop through its frequency domain characteristics. The results are developed using simple frequency domain theoretical elements, making the findings relevant for both engineering applications and deriving further theoretical developments.

scholarly journals Autonomic effects on the spectral analysis of heart rate variability after exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (4) ◽  
pp. H1421-H1428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Ng ◽  
Sri Sundaram ◽  
Alan H. Kadish ◽  
Jeffrey J. Goldberger
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Frequency Domain Analysis ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Autonomic Blockade ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been performed in the setting of exercise and recovery from exercise, the relationship of specific frequency components to sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs has not been validated in this setting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship of frequency components of HRV to sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation in the setting of recovery after exercise using selective autonomic blockade. Normal subjects ( n = 27, 17 men, 53 ± 7 yr old) underwent bicycle stress testing on four separate days. On day 1, a baseline study without autonomic blockade was performed. On days 2 through 4, either β-adrenergic, parasympathetic, or double blockade was administered during exercise and completed 3 min before recovery. Continuous ECG was recorded for 5 min starting from the end of exercise. Time- and frequency-domain measures of HRV were computed for each of the five 1-min segments of RR intervals. Parasympathetic blockade significantly decreased all the HRV measures compared with baseline ( P < 0.02 for all). Root mean square of successive differences of RR intervals (rMSSD) was increased by β-adrenergic blockade ( P < 0.0002). All the HRV measures except rMSSD showed increases with time after the first minute of recovery. The low frequency-to-high frequency ratio did not respond to autonomic blockade or to recovery time, consistent with the expected changes in sympathovagal influence. Root mean square (detrended SD) and rMSSD were highly correlated with the square root of the total power ( r = 0.96) and high-frequency power ( r = 0.95), respectively. Although there are marked reductions in the frequency-domain measures in recovery versus rest, the fluctuations in the low- and high-frequency bands respond to autonomic blockade in the expected fashion. Time-domain measures of HRV were highly correlated with frequency-domain measures and therefore provide a computationally more efficient assessment of autonomic influences during recovery from exercise that is less susceptible to anomalies of frequency-domain analysis.

Revisiting the Link between Consumer Sentiment and Economic Activity

2016 ◽  
pp. 16-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadullah Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Consumer Confidence ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Leading Economic Indicators ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter revisits the relationship between consumer confidence(sentiment) and economic and financial variables for the emerging market of Turkey using the recently developed and superior frequency domain causality and wavelet comovement analysis. The main theme is to assess the information content and the relationship of consumer confidence indices (which are advocated to be leading economic indicators) with important economic and financial variables in Turkey. This will help to understand the dynamics of interaction between households, firms and the public sector in Turkey. There are two basic contributions of this study to the existing literature: first, as far as we know, this study is the first of its' kind concentrating on the consumer confidence and several other financial parameters for an emerging market by adopting a frequency domain and wavelet comovement analyses. Second, the use of frequency analysis enables us to examine the test results over different frequencies rather than limiting ourselves in time domain and a linear world.

Initial Charging Current and SOC Strategy about Battery Based on Fuzzy Logic

2014 ◽  
Vol 590 ◽  
pp. 506-510
Author(s):  
Lun Qiong Chen ◽  
Xia Han ◽  
Bei Li
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Initial Current ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Attenuation Rate ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Maximum Current ◽  
Charging Current ◽  
Single Input ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Current attenuation rate plays an important role for battery rapid charging.This paper studied the relation between state of charge (SOC) and rebound voltage. Then the fuzzy logic control system with single-input and single-tap has been designed based on SOC and initial charging current.The results showed the maximum current attenuation rate can be achieved when the relationship of initial current and SOC arrived at an optimal value.

The Relationship of Electrical and Structural Properties of Synthetic Melanin Embedded in Matrix of Thin Films Zinc Oxide, for their Use as Electrodes in Bio-Generators

2010 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Delia Cristina Altamirano-Juárez ◽  
José Javier Hernández-Barriga ◽  
Carlos García-Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Soft Chemistry ◽  
Doped Zno ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Basic Region

Melanin doped zinc oxide thin films were obtained using a process of soft chemistry with pH in the basic region. The electric and structural properties of these films were compared with films of un-doped ZnO obtained using the same process. Undoped films show the characteristic diffraction pattern of polycrystalline ZnO wurtzite type, while the doped films also present other signals associated to the melanin or some derived present phase of this. It is relevant because melanin is reported as amorphous material. Differences of grain size were detected and attributed to the presence of at least two existent phases in the films. Resistivity data were analyzed from the obtained values of films of un-doped ZnO and associated to the structural changes. The films have turned out to be stable in bio-generating systems of useful energy.

Frequency-Domain Imaging Algorithm for Single-Input–Multiple-Output Array

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1747-1751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongqiang Zhu ◽  
Jianxiong Zhou ◽  
Liang Tang ◽  
Yingzhi Kan ◽  
Qiang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Imaging Algorithm ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Single Input

Research on Complex Resistance Characteristics of the Conductive Rubber Filled by Carbon Black

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 228-234
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Chao Yang Fu ◽  
Xue Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Conductive Rubber ◽  
Capacitive Reactance ◽  
Ac Excitation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Conduction characteristics of carbon black filled conductive rubber prepared in laboratory were investigated. The relationship of current and frequency under the sinusoidal AC excitation was analyzed and a new conductive chain model and equivalent circuit were established. Influences of the different amount of carbon black filled and pressure on frequency range were also studied. The results showed that the conductive rubber filled by carbon black had complex resistance characteristics. Resistance frequency domain of conductive rubber relatively increased with the increasing of the carbon black filler and pressure; while the capacitive reactance frequency domain of conductive rubber relatively decreased with the increasing of pressure.

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