scholarly journals An Energy Balancing Strategy Based on Hilbert Curve and Genetic Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingping Kong ◽  
Jeng-Shyang Pan ◽  
Tien-Wen Sung ◽  
Pei-Wei Tsai ◽  
Václav Snášel
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Hilbert Curve ◽  
Energy Balancing ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Transmission Energy

A wireless sensor network is a sensing system composed of a few or thousands of sensor nodes. These nodes, however, are powered by internal batteries, which cannot be recharged or replaced, and have a limited lifespan. Traditional two-tier networks with one sink node are thus vulnerable to communication gaps caused by nodes dying when their battery power is depleted. In such cases, some nodes are disconnected with the sink node because intermediary nodes on the transmission path are dead. Energy load balancing is a technique for extending the lifespan of node batteries, thus preventing communication gaps and extending the network lifespan. However, while energy conservation is important, strategies that make the best use of available energy are also important. To decrease transmission energy cost and prolong network lifespan, a three-tier wireless sensor network is proposed, in which the first level is the sink node and the third-level nodes communicate with the sink node via the service sites on the second level. Moreover, this study aims to minimize the number of service sites to decrease the construction cost. Statistical evaluation criteria are used as benchmarks to compare traditional methods and the proposed method in the simulations.

Level and Cluster Based Routing for Wireless Sensor Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 321-324 ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kou Lin Yuan ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Lei Han
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Method ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Head Node ◽  
Cluster Based Routing

This paper proposes a level and cluster based routing approach for a wireless sensor network. Nodes in the network are divided into several levels according to their hops to sink node. Every sensor node has a level number. Using level information, a sensor node can send messages to a sink node in a more efficient way, and a sink node can easily locate other sensor nodes. To make network more balanced, the paper introduces a cluster method, which splits nodes in the same level into different clusters, and chooses a cluster head for every cluster, to switch nodes in the cluster to work in turn. Unlike all other cluster routing methods, a cluster head node takes schedule jobs of sensor nodes in the cluster according to their energy left, instead of sensing. The paper also presents several algorithms for constructing a wireless sensor network, querying and scheduling. The simulation experiment shows that the scalability of our method is approximately linear.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Modelling Based on Complex Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Fahui Wu ◽  
Dingcheng Yang ◽  
Tiankui Zhang ◽  
Xiaoya Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Complex Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Small World ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Sink Node

The power consumption and energy efficiency of wireless sensor network are the significant problems in Internet of Things network. In this paper, we consider the network topology optimization based on complex network theory to solve the energy efficiency problem of WSN. We propose the energy efficient model of WSN according to the basic principle of small world from complex networks. Small world network has clustering features that are similar to that of the rules of the network but also has similarity to random networks of small average path length. It can be utilized to optimize the energy efficiency of the whole network. Optimal number of multiple sink nodes of the WSN topology is proposed for optimizing energy efficiency. Then, the hierarchical clustering analysis is applied to implement this clustering of the sensor nodes and pick up the sink nodes from the sensor nodes as the clustering head. Meanwhile, the update method is proposed to determine the sink node when the death of certain sink node happened which can cause the paralysis of network. Simulation results verify the energy efficiency of the proposed model and validate the updating of the sink nodes to ensure the normal operation of the WSN.

scholarly journals Implementation of FMAC in Healthcare System of Wireless Sensor Network

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Mac Protocol ◽  
Mac Protocols ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Control Packet

Wireless sensor network is the network of sensor nodes. The nodes transmit data to the sink node. Each sensor nodes have its own battery and ability to communicate with sink node. Network of such nodes is called sensor network. The successful operation of WSN largely depends on MAC sublayer which deals with addressing and channel access control. WSN has varied design constraints such as energy consumption, scalability, delay, traffic control, packet delivery throughput and overheads that need an effective MAC protocol to deal with these problems. Energy must be utilized efficiently in order to increase the lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network. MAC protocols reduce the cost of energy consumption by providing an efficient communication for transmission and hence improves network lifetime. This paper shows the implementation of FMAC Protocol in healthcare system for different reporting rates. The purpose of the study is to identify the best MAC protocol in Healthcare System. Results for implementation of Hybrid MAC for hospital network are presented in the paper. Results for Data transmission between nodes and sink node has been evaluated to identify Good MAC protocol. Paper represents how low energy consumption can be achieved by combining TDMA and CSMA MAC protocols.

scholarly journals Reducing the Data Rate in Internet of Things Applications by Using Wireless Sensor Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Omar Hashim Yahya ◽  
Haider Alrikabi ◽  
Ibtisam A. Aljazaery
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Data Rate ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Transceiver Module

<p>Du to the raising  number  of  using Internet of Things (I O T) for personal and commercial devices and applications, as well as the continues needs for improving the quality of the performance for the internet – connected devices enhance the researchers to investigate solutions for managing the data through the network Because of the fact that  the internet-connected devices needs addresses for each sensor node uses the IP-network and a large number of electronic modules is fabricated to be compatible with IPv4 only like NodeMcu, ESP8266, Arduino WIFI, and ESP32  with knowing that the IPv4 has a limited addresses number that will not be enough for the needs of  IOT developments, Many researchers turned to IPv6. In the  proposed system, another solution is suggested instead of the IPV6. The proposed idea is based on Non-IP Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) by connecting many sensing nodes to the sink-node that has an IP to forward the data to the server to be visualized in a web-portal. By this method, it is able to connect more than one node to the internet over only one IP, there for the data rate that are needed will be decreased. In addition, by using the non-IP network, the data rate and the power consuming by the sensor nodes have been reduced, the practical results are discussed for connecting four nodes over one IP4 and how it will reduce the data rate and the power consuming. In this work, the esp33 has been used as a Sink-node, and the wireless transceiver module( NRF24) has been utilized to transmit the data from nodes to esp32.</p>

Towards an energy balancing solution for wireless sensor network with mobile sink node

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Craig Thomson ◽  
Isam Wadhaj ◽  
Zhiyuan Tan ◽  
Ahmed Al-Dubai
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Mobile Sink ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Energy Balancing

scholarly journals Challenges in Sinkhole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dr. Akhilesh A. Waoo ◽  
◽  
Mr. Virendra Tiwari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Limited Energy

Wireless sensor networks (WSN’s) comprise limited energy small sensor nodes having the ability to monitor the physical conditions and communicate information among the various nodes without requiring any physical medium. Over the last few years, with the rapid advancements in information technology, there has been an increasing interest of various organizations in making the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN’s). The sensor nodes in WSN having limited energy detects an event, collect data and forward this collected data to the base node, called sink node, for further processing and assessment. Few attributes of WSN’s like the energy consumption and lifetime can be impacted by the design and placement of the Sink node. Despite various useful characteristics WSN’s is being considered vulnerable and unprotected. There is a large class of various security attacks that may affect the performance of the system among which sinkhole an adversary attack puts dreadful threats to the security of such networks. Out of various attacks, a sinkhole attack is one of the detrimental types of attacks that brings a compromised node or fabricated node in the network which keeps trying to lures network traffic by advertising its wrong and fake routing update. Sinkhole attacks may have some other serious harmful impacts to exploit the network by launching few other attacks. Some of these attacks are forwarding attacks, selective acknowledge spoofing attacks, and they may drop or modify routing information too. It can also be used to send fake or false information to the base station. This study is analyzing the challenges with sinkhole attacks and exploring the existing available solutions by surveying comparatively which used to detect and mitigate sinkhole attacks in the wireless sensor network.

scholarly journals Challenges in Sinkhole Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dr. Akhilesh A. Waoo ◽  
◽  
Mr. Virendra Tiwari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Limited Energy

Wireless sensor networks (WSN’s) comprise limited energy small sensor nodes having the ability to monitor the physical conditions and communicate information among the various nodes without requiring any physical medium. Over the last few years, with the rapid advancements in information technology, there has been an increasing interest of various organizations in making the use of wireless sensor networks (WSN’s). The sensor nodes in WSN having limited energy detects an event, collect data and forward this collected data to the base node, called sink node, for further processing and assessment. Few attributes of WSN’s like the energy consumption and lifetime can be impacted by the design and placement of the Sink node. Despite various useful characteristics WSN’s is being considered vulnerable and unprotected. There is a large class of various security attacks that may affect the performance of the system among which sinkhole an adversary attack puts dreadful threats to the security of such networks. Out of various attacks, a sinkhole attack is one of the detrimental types of attacks that brings a compromised node or fabricated node in the network which keeps trying to lures network traffic by advertising its wrong and fake routing update. Sinkhole attacks may have some other serious harmful impacts to exploit the network by launching few other attacks. Some of these attacks are forwarding attacks, selective acknowledge spoofing attacks, and they may drop or modify routing information too. It can also be used to send fake or false information to the base station. This study is analyzing the challenges with sinkhole attacks and exploring the existing available solutions by surveying comparatively which used to detect and mitigate sinkhole attacks in the wireless sensor network.

Dynamic Clustering and Cluster Head Selection for Energy Optimization under Wireless Sensor Network

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Ravinder Singh ◽  
Rajdavinder Singh Boparai
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cluster Head Selection ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Transmission Energy

Wireless sensor network is a field of networking that has been used for sensing information from environment.  In WSN the sensor nodes are attached to a battery for sensing information. Each node utilizes three types of energy during its lifetime over the network. These energies are sensing energy, transmission or receiving energy and idle energy. During the sensing information the nodes consumes energy and transmission energy is used to transmit a data over a distance. Idle energy is that when node is not working but remains in on state. Due to deployment of WSN in unreachable area energy is main constraint for network to be cost effective.The major issue is network lifetime that must be increase so that network performs for long duration of time and provide cost effective for an n organization. To overcome this issue various methods had been proposed, chaining, pegasis, clustering and chain head selection are one of these methods.

scholarly journals Research of RDF Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network Heterogeneous Node Deployment

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Xiaoqun Mao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Node Deployment ◽  
Deployment Strategy ◽  
Node Location

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">The relation between the density of a randomly distributed wireless sensor network node and the node’s energy consumption is discussed, and the result shows that the way to extend the network lifetime is to deploy sink nodes in the field with a larger density of sensor nodes. Furthermore, the RDF algorithm a simple, effective and highly efficient strategy for deploying sink nodes, is proposed in this paper based on simulation results. The said algorithm determines the sink node location by giving reference for a large density of sensor nodes. Additionally, the sink node deployment can be efficiently achieved through dividing the region of network and the sink node communication range. Lastly, through simulation verification, the RDF algorithm deployment strategy is further proved valid and effective from the perspective of network lifetime and message delivery rate. </span></p>

Design on the Sink Node for Wireless Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2406-2409
Author(s):  
Kun Geng
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Sink Node ◽  
Transmission Data ◽  
Micro Sensor

With the rapid development of communication technology, embedded technology, sensor technology, and the constantly emerging of micro-sensor nodes performing perception, computation, communications. Design of sink node is reliable in monitoring environmental elements. A communicated architecture of Wireless Sensor Network is presented in this paper, and hardware design of sink node for transmission data is also discussed.

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