scholarly journals The Rainfall Intensity Effects on 1–13 GHz UWB-Based 5G System for Outdoor Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Suryana
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Infinite Impulse Response ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Nonlinear Phase ◽  
Channel Characterization ◽  
Phase Equalizer ◽  
Uwb Channel ◽  
Ber Performance

This paper reports a research contribution on tropical outdoor channel characterization in 1–13 GHz band for 5G systems. This 1–13 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) channel characterization is formulated with rain intensity as the most important variable, from 20 mm/h to 200 mm/h. Tropical rain will cause pulse broadening and distorts the transmitted symbols, so the probability of symbol errors will increase. In this research, the bit error rate (BER) performance evaluation is done using both matched filtering or correlator-based receivers. At no rain conditions, BER 10−6 will be attained at signal to noise ratio (SNR) 5 dB, but at rainfall intensity 200 mm/h, the BER will fall to 10−2 for matched filter and 5×10-2 for correlator-based receivers. For improving the BER performance, an adaptive nonlinear phase equalizer is proposed which adopts multiple allpass biquad infinite impulse response (IIR) filters combined with low-order finite impulse response (FIR) filter to mitigate the nonlinearity phase and differential attenuation of magnitude responses due to antenna and tropical outdoor UWB channel effects. Our simulation results show that the proposed equalizer has worked successfully with BER 10−6 on the rain rate that is exceeded for 0.01% of the time (R0.01) rain intensity or 99.99% availability. In addition, at rainfall rate 120 mm/h, the proposed nonlinear phase equalizer can give 9 dB signal improvement.

Fixed-Point Implementation of Infinite Impulse Response Notch Filters

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Pinheiro ◽  
Octavian Postolache ◽  
Pedro Girão
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Infinite Impulse Response ◽  
Notch Filters

scholarly journals NANO-studio, the design environment of filter banks implemented in standard CMOS technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Handkiewicz ◽  
Mariusz Naumowicz
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response ◽  
Filter Banks ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Infinite Impulse Response ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Digital Cmos ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Synthesis Filter

AbstractThe paper presents a method of optimizing frequency characteristics of filter banks in terms of their implementation in digital CMOS technologies in nanoscale. Usability of such filters is demonstrated by frequency-interleaved (FI) analog-to-digital converters (ADC). An analysis filter present in these converters was designed in switched-current technique. However, due to huge technological pitch of standard digital CMOS process in nanoscale, its characteristics substantially deviate from the required ones. NANO-studio environment presented in the paper allows adjustment, with transistor channel sizes as optimization parameters. The same environment is used at designing a digital synthesis filter, whereas optimization parameters are input and output conductances, gyration transconductances and capacitances of a prototype circuit. Transition between analog s and digital z domains is done by means of bilinear transformation. Assuming a lossless gyrator-capacitor (gC) multiport network as a prototype circuit, both for analysis and synthesis filter banks in FI ADC, is an implementation of the strategy to design filters with low sensitivity to parameter changes. An additional advantage is designing the synthesis filter as stable infinite impulse response (IIR) instead of commonly used finite impulse response (FIR) filters. It provides several dozen-fold saving in the number of applied multipliers.. The analysis and synthesis filters in FI ADC are implemented as filter pairs. An additional example of three-filter bank demonstrates versatility of NANO-studio software.

A numerical and experimental implementation and integration of Steiglitz–McBride algorithm with the frequency domain IIR filtering technique for active vibration control

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1100
Author(s):  
Utku Boz ◽  
Ipek Basdogan
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Vibration Control ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Impulse Response ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Vibration Suppression ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Infinite Impulse Response ◽  
Iir Filter ◽  
Active Vibration

In adaptive control applications for noise and vibration, finite ımpulse response (FIR) or ınfinite ımpulse response (IIR) filter structures are used for online adaptation of the controller parameters. IIR filters offer the advantage of representing dynamics of the controller with smaller number of filter parameters than with FIR filters. However, the possibility of instability and convergence to suboptimal solutions are the main drawbacks of such controllers. An IIR filtering-based Steiglitz–McBride (SM) algorithm offers nearly-optimal solutions. However, real-time implementation of the SM algorithm has never been explored and application of the algorithm is limited to numerical studies for active vibration control. Furthermore, the prefiltering procedure of the SM increases the computational complexity of the algorithm in comparison to other IIR filtering-based algorithms. Based on the lack of studies about the SM in the literature, an SM time-domain algorithm for AVC was implemented both numerically and experimentally in this study. A methodology that integrates frequency domain IIR filtering techniques with the classic SM time-domain algorithm is proposed to decrease the computational complexity. Results of the proposed approach are compared with the classical SM algorithm. Both SM and the proposed approach offer multimodal vibration suppression and it is possible to predict the performance of the controller via simulations. The proposed hybrid approach ensures similar vibration suppression performance compared to the classical SM and offers computational advantage as the number of control filter parameters increases.

scholarly journals Error in the Sampling Area of an Optical Disdrometer: Consequences in Computing Rain Variables

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fraile ◽  
A. Castro ◽  
M. Fernández-Raga ◽  
C. Palencia ◽  
A. I. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Rain Intensity ◽  
Sampling Area ◽  
The Real ◽  
Efficient Sampling ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Effective Sampling Area ◽  
Reflectivity Factor

The aim of this study is to improve the estimation of the characteristic uncertainties of optic disdrometers in an attempt to calculate the efficient sampling area according to the size of the drop and to study how this influences the computation of other parameters, taking into account that the real sampling area is always smaller than the nominal area. For large raindrops (a little over 6 mm), the effective sampling area may be half the area indicated by the manufacturer. The error committed in the sampling area is propagated to all the variables depending on this surface, such as the rain intensity and the reflectivity factor. Both variables tend to underestimate the real value if the sampling area is not corrected. For example, the rainfall intensity errors may be up to 50% for large drops, those slightly larger than 6 mm. The same occurs with reflectivity values, which may be up to twice the reflectivity calculated using the uncorrected constant sampling area. TheZ-Rrelationships appear to have little dependence on the sampling area, because both variables depend on it the same way. These results were obtained by studying one particular rain event that occurred on April 16, 2006.

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