scholarly journals Transit-Amplifying Cells in the Fast Lane from Stem Cells towards Differentiation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Rangel-Huerta ◽  
Ernesto Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Cycle Regulation ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Skin Epidermis

Stem cells have a high potential to impact regenerative medicine. However, stem cells in adult tissues often proliferate at very slow rates. During development, stem cells may change first to a pluripotent and highly proliferative state, known as transit-amplifying cells. Recent advances in the identification and isolation of these undifferentiated and fast-dividing cells could bring new alternatives for cell-based transplants. The skin epidermis has been the target of necessary research about transit-amplifying cells; this work has mainly been performed in mammalian cells, but further work is being pursued in other vertebrate models, such as zebrafish. In this review, we present some insights about the molecular repertoire regulating the transition from stem cells to transit-amplifying cells or playing a role in the transitioning to fully differentiated cells, including gene expression profiles, cell cycle regulation, and cellular asymmetrical events. We also discuss the potential use of this knowledge in effective progenitor cell-based transplants in the treatment of skin injuries and chronic disease.

Abstract 1163: Engineering Biomaterials For Vascular Differentiation And Regeneration

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Gerecht ◽  
Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic ◽  
Robert Langer
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Human Escs ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
And Migration

The goal of our studies was to utilize engineered biomaterials to understand the mechanisms underlying microenvironment regulatory cascades during vascular differentiation and regeneration. We found that the ECM polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) is a developmentally relevant material for the growth of human embryonic stem cels (hESCs). Human ESCs encapsulated in HA hydrogels in conditioned media, maintained their undifferentiated state and could be further initiate vasculogenesis within the same system by supplementation with VEGF. In a continuous study we have developed a method for introducing pores into photocurable bioelastomer while maintaining mechanical properties. Biocompatibility studies demonstrated the ability to encapsulate, grow and differentiated cells in vitro , while subcutaneous transplantation revealed inflammatory response similar to other biocompatible materials. In addition, these In vivo experiments showed that the porous bioelastomer promotes ingrowth and integration with the host circulation, suggesting that porous bioelastomer may be utilized for tissue engineering applications. Mammalian cells respond to their substrates by complex changes in gene expression profiles, morphology, proliferation and migration. We report that the nanotopography of the substrate can be used to control various cellular responses of hESCs and human endothelial progenitor cell (hEPC). Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) films were replica-molded on passivated silicon wafers to yield line-grating (600 nm ridges with 600 nm spacing and 600 ± 150 nm feature height), coated with fibronectin or collagen, and seeded with single-cell suspensions. These nanopattered PDMS substrates induced hESC alignment and elongation, mediated the organization of cytoskeletal components, and reduced proliferation. The addition of actin disrupting agents attenuated the alignment and proliferative effects of nanotopography. Human EPCs cultured on nanotopographic substrates elongated, and aligned with the structures, while their migration was also enhanced. Long-term cultures led to the formation of band-like structures of hEPCs as their proliferation was reduced, and the addition of matrigel led to the formation of ordered tube structures.

Gene Expression Regulation underlying Osteo-, Adipo-, and Chondro-Genic Lineage Commitment of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2013 ◽  
pp. 76-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M. Sotoca ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
Everardus J. J. van Zoelen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Regulation ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lineage Commitment

Human mesenchymal stem cells have a high potential in regenerative medicine. They can be isolated from a variety of adult tissues, including bone marrow, and can be differentiated into multiple cell types of the mesodermal lineage, including adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes. Stem cell differentiation is controlled by a process of interacting lineage-specific and multipotent genes. In this chapter, the authors use full genome microarrays to explore gene expression profiles in the process of Osteo-, Adipo-, and Chondro-Genic lineage commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells.

Comparative gene expression analysis of zebrafish and mammals identifies common regulators in hematopoietic stem cells

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. e1-e9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isao Kobayashi ◽  
Hiromasa Ono ◽  
Tadaaki Moritomo ◽  
Koichiro Kano ◽  
Teruyuki Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cells ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Side Population ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Hematopoiesis in teleost fish is maintained in the kidney. We previously reported that Hoechst dye efflux activity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is highly conserved in vertebrates, and that Hoechst can be used to purify HSCs from teleost kidneys. Regulatory molecules that are strongly associated with HSC activity may also be conserved in vertebrates. In this study, we identified evolutionarily conserved molecular components in HSCs by comparing the gene expression profiles of zebrafish, murine, and human HSCs. Microarray data of zebrafish kidney side population cells (zSPs) showed that genes involved in cell junction and signal transduction tended to be up-regulated in zSPs, whereas genes involved in DNA replication tended to be down-regulated. These properties of zSPs were similar to those of mammalian HSCs. Overlapping gene expression analysis showed that 40 genes were commonly up-regulated in these 3 HSCs. Some of these genes, such as egr1, gata2, and id1, have been previously implicated in the regulation of HSCs. In situ hybridization in zebrafish kidney revealed that expression domains of egr1, gata2, and id1 overlapped with that of abcg2a, a marker for zSPs. These results suggest that the overlapping genes identified in this study are regulated in HSCs and play important roles in their functions.

Gene expression profiles of early adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells

Gene ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 340 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chieh Hung ◽  
Ching-Fang Chang ◽  
Hsiao-Li Ma ◽  
Tain-Hsiung Chen ◽  
Larry Low-Tone Ho
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles

scholarly journals Specific Tandem 3'UTR Patterns and Gene Expression Profiles in Mouse Thy1+ Germline Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e0145417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Yuanyan Xiong ◽  
Zhuoheng Lin ◽  
Xuyang Feng ◽  
Xue Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Germline Stem Cells
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