scholarly journals Polyphenols and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerosis-Related Ischemic Heart Disease and Stroke

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chen Cheng ◽  
Jer-Ming Sheen ◽  
Wen Long Hu ◽  
Yu-Chiang Hung
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Vsmc Proliferation

Good nutrition could maintain health and life. Polyphenols are common nutrient mainly derived from fruits, vegetables, tea, coffee, cocoa, mushrooms, beverages, and traditional medicinal herbs. They are potential substances against oxidative-related diseases, for example, cardiovascular disease, specifically, atherosclerosis-related ischemic heart disease and stroke, which are health and economic problems recognized worldwide. In this study, we reviewed the risk factors for atherosclerosis, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and cigarette smoking as well as the antioxidative activity of polyphenols, which could prevent the pathology of atherosclerosis, including endothelial dysfunction, low-density lipoprotein oxidation, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, inflammatory process by monocytes, macrophages or T lymphocytes, and platelet aggregation. The strong radical-scavenging properties of polyphenols would exhibit antioxidative and anti-inflammation effects. Polyphenols reduce ROS production by inhibiting oxidases, reducing the production of superoxide, inhibiting OxLDL formation, suppressing VSMC proliferation and migration, reducing platelet aggregation, and improving mitochondrial oxidative stress. Polyphenol consumption also inhibits the development of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. Despite the numerousin vivoandin vitrostudies, more advanced clinical trials are necessary to confirm the efficacy of polyphenols in the treatment of atherosclerosis-related vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Novel perspective substances with selective anti-aggregant action

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
S V Kiselev ◽  
L E Nikitina ◽  
M M Vorontsova ◽  
R G Turaev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Hemostasis System

Aim. To study the influence of new sulfur-containing derivatives of β-pinene on the platelet aggregation ability and coagulant activity of human serum in vitro. Methods. A series of sulfides and sulfoxides have been synthesized based on β-pinene. Sulfides have been synthesized by the electrophilic addition reaction of thiols to the double bond of β-pinene in the presence of ZnCl 2. Sulfides were oxidized to sulfoxides by such oxidizing agents as sodium periodate, meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid, selenium dioxide with hydrogen peroxide and sulfuryl chloride in combination with ethyl alcohol. The best result was achieved by asymmetric oxidation method using the Ti(O-i-Pr) 4/(R)-mandelic acid /t-BuOOH oxidation system. Structure of synthesized compounds was ascertained by 1Н and 13С nuclear magnetic resonance, chromatomass spectrometry and X-ray structural analysis. Clotting activity of synthesized substances was evaluated by platelets aggregating rates and standard surface-dependent coagulation tests. Venous blood from patients with ischemic heart disease and evident changes in hemostasis system were used to determine spontaneous platelets aggregation and serum clotting activity. The induced platelets aggregation was studied on serum obtained from healthy donors. Results. The basic substance (β-pinene) did not influence the hemostasis system status in patients with ischemic heart disease. The substances synthesized on its basis have shown high anti-aggregatory activity: spontaneous velocity and aggregation coefficient reduced significantly and even reached normal values in some cases. Besides, they reduced the serum clotting activity, normalized activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time international normalized ratio. However, the activity of thrombin was not influenced. The most water-soluble sulfoxide showed the most activity and almost completely inhibited spontaneous and collagen-induced and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, as well as better reduced the serum clotting activity in patients with ischemic heart disease compared to other synthesized substances. Conclusion. Taking into account low toxicity of thioterpenoids, the novel substances can be described as potentially promising drugs for medical treatment and prevention of thrombophilia and as agents for blood stabilization.

scholarly journals Platelet Aggregation in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease, Transient Cerebral Ischemia and Peripheral Thrombo-Atherosclerosis

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gormsen ◽  
J. D. Nielsen ◽  
L. A. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Transient Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Normal Controls

The threshold concentrations of ADP and adrenaline inducing platelet aggregation in vitro were determined in a Payton aggregometer in 90 normal controls, 30 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHS), in 34 with transient cerebral ischemia (TCI) and 22 with peripheral thrombo-atherosclerosis (PTA). The threshold concentrations were significantly lower in normal women ≥ 50 years old than in normal women < 50 years old.Compared with the corresponding control groups significantly lower threshold concentrations were found in following groups of patients: men and women ≥ 50 years with IHS (p < 0.005 and p < 0.001 respectively), men + women < 50 years with IHS (p < 0.05), men + women with TCI (p < 0.01), men + women ≥ 50 years with PTA (p < O.002 and p < 0.001 respectively), men + women < 50 years with PTA (p < 0.005).

scholarly journals iPLA2β Contributes to ER Stress-Induced Apoptosis during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Tingting Jin ◽  
Jun Lin ◽  
Yingchao Gong ◽  
Xukun Bi ◽  
Shasha Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Both calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2β) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress regulate important pathophysiological processes including inflammation, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. However, their roles in ischemic heart disease are poorly understood. Here, we show that the expression of iPLA2β is increased during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, concomitant with the induction of ER stress and the upregulation of cell death. We further show that the levels of iPLA2β in serum collected from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and in samples collected from both in vivo and in vitro I/R injury models are significantly elevated. Further, iPLA2β knockout mice and siRNA mediated iPLA2β knockdown are employed to evaluate the ER stress and cell apoptosis during I/R injury. Additionally, cell surface protein biotinylation and immunofluorescence assays are used to trace and locate iPLA2β. Our data demonstrate the increase of iPLA2β augments ER stress and enhances cardiomyocyte apoptosis during I/R injury in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of iPLA2β ameliorates ER stress and decreases cell death. Mechanistically, iPLA2β promotes ER stress and apoptosis by translocating to ER upon myocardial I/R injury. Together, our study suggests iPLA2β contributes to ER stress-induced apoptosis during myocardial I/R injury, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target against ischemic heart disease.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Properties of Taraxacum officinale in Nω-Nitro-l-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME)-Induced Hypertensive Rats

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Olukayode O. Aremu ◽  
Adebola O. Oyedeji ◽  
Opeoluwa O. Oyedeji ◽  
Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag ◽  
Constance R. Sewani Rusike
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Oxidative stress has gained attention as one of the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the development of hypertension. The present study investigated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects of 70% ethanol-water (v/v) leaf and root extracts of T. officinale (TOL and TOR, respectively). Total phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts were assessed using Folin Ciocalteau and aluminium chloride colorimetric methods; while, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrlhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) protocols were used to determine the free radical scavenging and total antioxidant capacities (TAC), respectively. The in vivo total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde acid (MDA) levels for lipid peroxidation tests were performed on organ homogenate samples from Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats treated with leaf extract, TOL (500 mg/kg/day) and TOR (500 mg/kg/day) for 21 days. Results showed that compared to TOR, TOL possessed significantly higher (p < 0.01) polyphenol (4.35 ± 0.15 compared to 1.14 ± 0.01) and flavonoid (23.17 ± 0.14 compared to 3 ± 0.05) content; free radical scavenging activity (EC50 0.37 compared to 1.34 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacities (82.56% compared to 61.54% ABTS, and 156 ± 5.28 compared to 40 ± 0.31 FRAP) and both extracts showed no toxicity (LD50 > 5000 mg/kg). TOL and TOR significantly (p < 0.01) elevated TAC and reduced MDA levels in targets organs. In conclusion, T. officinale leaf extract possesses significant anti-oxidant effects which conferred significant in vivo antioxidant protection against free radical-mediated oxidative stress in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats.

Coverage of recommended vaccinations in subjects with diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease: results for women and men

2011 ◽  
Vol 161 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ernst Dorner ◽  
Éva Ràsky ◽  
Katharina Viktoria Stein ◽  
Willibald Julius Stronegger ◽  
Alexandra Kautzky-Willer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart
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