Preclinical Evaluation ofIn VitroandIn VivoAntiviral Activities of KCT-01, a New Herbal Formula against Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infectious diseases currently remain incurable due to limitations of conventional antivirals such as incapability of eradicating HBV DNA, prolonged use, drug resistance, and virological relapse. KCT-01, a 30% ethanol extract consisting ofArtemisia capillaris,Sanguisorba officinalis, andCurcuma longa, was newly developed. The objective of this study was to investigate pharmacological activities of KCT-01 against HBV using HepG2.2.15 cells and a hydrodynamic injection model. KCT-01 significantly lowered antigen secretion, virion production, and pgRNA synthesis in HepG2.2.15 cells without affecting cell viability. KCT-01 administration also resulted in significant decrease of serum virion production, liver covalently closed circular (ccc) DNA levels, and mRNA synthesis of cytokines in the liver of mice injected with HBV DNA hydrodynamically. Interestingly, coadministration of KCT-01 with entecavir enhanced itsin vitroandin vivoantiviral activities. Moreover, safety of KCT-01 was assured up to 5000 mg/kg in rats in both single and repeated-dose preclinical studies. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that KCT-01 is capable of suppressing HBV replication and inflammatory cytokine production inin vitroandin vivomodels without showing toxicity, suggesting the potential of using KCT-01 alone or in combination with entecavir as antiviral agent.

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Interaction between ganciclovir and foscarnet as inhibitors of duck hepatitis B virus replication in vitro.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.5.1180 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1180-1185 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G Civitico ◽

T Shaw ◽

S Locarnini

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Duck Hepatitis ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽

B Virus ◽

Dose Limiting Toxicity

Safe and effective treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have yet to be developed. Both ganciclovir (9-[1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl]guanine) and foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate hexahydrate) are potent inhibitors of hepadnavirus replication when used individually in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical usefulness of each drug is reduced by dose-limiting toxicity, especially during long-term monotherapy. Here we demonstrate additive inhibition of duck HBV DNA replication in cultures of primary duck hepatocytes congenitally infected with duck HBV by combinations of ganciclovir and foscarnet at low, clinically achievable concentrations. These results suggest that the effects of ganciclovir and foscarnet against HBV may be additive in vivo.

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Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication and Expression in Vitro and in Vivo by the Hammerhead Ribozymes Targeted Different Sites

Infection International ◽

10.1515/ii-2017-0029 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 206-210

Author(s):

Wei Dai ◽

Rong Zhou ◽

Hong Yu ◽

Xiao-juan Li

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hammerhead Ribozyme ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hammerhead Ribozymes ◽

Tail Vein ◽

B Virus ◽

Target Sites

Abstract Objective To develop an effective and specific medicine targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) pregenome. Based on the identified accessible target sites for hammerhead ribozyme in our previous researches, a recombinant hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme was chosen and used to demonstrate the effective cleavage in vitro and in vivo. Methods Three hammerhead ribozymes for potential target sites (S, X and C genes) and co-expression plasmid (pTr-dB, pTdδ-dB, pTrX-dB and pTrC-dB) as well as four HDV-ribozyme chimera constructs with HBV (pTdXX, pTdXC, pTdSX and pTdSC) were severally chosen to validate the inhibition of the replication and expression of HBV. The co-expression plasmids (pTdδ and pTr-Db) in physiological saline were hydrodynamically injected to mice by tail vein. Results Compared with the group injected with pTr-dB in Huh-7 cell, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was reduced by 31% in the group injected with pTdδ-dB, by 54%, 26%, 72% and 97% in the group injected with recombinant-ribozymes pTdSX, pTdSC, pTdXC and pTdXX, respectively. The inhibiting effects of endogenous ribozymes RzX and RzC on the HBsAg expression were 66% and 57%, respectively. Compared with the positive control, the amount of HBsAg was decreased in mice injected with pTdXX through tail vein by 88% and 96% on the second day and the third day, respectively. HBsAg was undetectable on the 6th day and could not primitively be detected on the 9th day in the sera from all mice. HBV DNA was not detected in the sera of BALB/c mice injected with pTdXX-dB, pTrX-dB or replicating-defective plasmid pHBV, while HBV DNA replication in control group could be detected on the 6th day. While HBcAg could not be detected in liver tissues of mice injected with plasmid pTdXX-dB on the 3rd day. Conclusions Encoding regions of HBV S, C and X gene were the effective cleavage sites for hammerhead ribozyme in vitro and in vivo, which provides basis for further construction of therapeutic recombinant HDV and the development of targeting antiviral gene therapy.

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Phosphorothioate Di- and Trinucleotides as a Novel Class of Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Agents

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.48.6.2199-2205.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 48 (6) ◽

pp. 2199-2205 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Radhakrishnan P. Iyer ◽

Yi Jin ◽

Arlene Roland ◽

John D. Morrey ◽

Samir Mounir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Nucleoside Analogs ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Parallel Synthesis ◽

Hbv Replication ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

B Virus ◽

Dna Strand

ABSTRACT Several nucleoside analogs are under clinical development for use against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Lamivudine (3TC), a nucleoside analog, and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), an acyclonucleotide analog, are clinically approved. However, long-term treatment can induce viral resistance, and following the cessation of therapy, viral rebound is frequently observed. There continues to be a need for new antiviral agents with novel mechanisms of action. A library of more than 600 di- and trinucleotide compounds synthesized by parallel synthesis using a combinatorial strategy was screened for potential inhibitors of HBV replication using the chronically HBV-producing cell line 2.2.15. Through an iterative process of synthesis, lead optimization, and screening, three analogs were identified as potent inhibitors of HBV replication: dinucleotides ORI-7246 (drug concentration at which a 10-fold reduction of HBV DNA was observed [EC90], 1.4 μM) and ORI-9020 (EC90, 1.2 μM) and trinucleotide ORI-7170 (EC90, 7.2 μM). These analogs inhibited the replication of both strands of HBV DNA. No suppression of HBV protein synthesis or intracellular core particle formation by these analogs was observed. No inhibition of HBV DNA strand elongation by the analogs or their 5′-triphosphate versions was apparent in in vitro polymerase assays. Although the exact mechanism of action is not yet identified, present data are consistent with an inhibition of the HBV reverse transcriptase-directed priming step prior to elongation of the first viral DNA strand. In transient-transfection assays, these analogs inhibited the replication of 3TC-resistant HBV. Synergistic interactions in combination treatments between the analogs and either 3TC or ADV were observed. These compounds represent a novel class of anti-HBV molecules and warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic agents.

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Effect of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine on replication of duck hepatitis B virus in vivo and in vitro

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.1890290405 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 244-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Hideaki Haritani ◽

Toshikazu Uchida ◽

Yasunori Okuda ◽

Toshio Shikata

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Duck Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Duck Hepatitis ◽

B Virus

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Production of hepatitis B virus in vitro by transient expression of cloned HBV DNA in a hepatoma cell line.

The EMBO Journal ◽

10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04807.x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 675-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

C.M. Chang ◽

K.S. Jeng ◽

C.P. Hu ◽

S.J. Lo ◽

T.S. Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Cell Line ◽

Transient Expression ◽

Hepatoma Cell ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hepatoma Cell Line ◽

B Virus

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Primary Tupaia Javanica Hepatocyte Culture as an In Vitro Model for Human Hepatitis B Virus Infection

The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Digestive Endoscopy ◽

10.24871/2232021203-209 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 203-209

Author(s):

Kemal Fariz Kalista ◽

Maryati Surya ◽

Silmi Mariya ◽

Diah Iskandriati ◽

Irsan Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

In Vitro Model ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Primate Research ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

B Virus ◽

Vitro Model

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still one of the biggest health problems in the world, which could lead to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Treatment for HBV infection has not yet achieved a functional cure. More studies are needed to investigate human HBV (HuHBV), but the scarcity of animal models for HuHBV infection became a barrier. Recently, many studies have shown that Tupaia are suitable for the study of HuHBV. The purpose of this study was to develop a primary tupaia hepatocyte (PTH) culture from T. javanica, a species of Tupaia found in Indonesia, and to prove that HuHBV can replicate in the PTH.Method: In vitro experimental study using PTH isolated from five wild adult T. javanica in Primate Research Center, IPB University. HuHBV was taken from humans with HBsAg and HBV-DNA (+). PTH cells then were infected with HuHBV after reaching 80% confluence. Observation on PTH cells was done everyday for 20 days. Qualitative and quantitative HBsAg were measured using a CMIA while HBV-DNA and cccDNA were measured by RT-PCR.Results: A cytopathic effect was seen on day post infection (DPI)-16. HBsAg and HBV-DNA were detected from DPI-2 until DPI-18, with HBV-DNA level peaked on DPI-12. cccDNA concentration was fluctuating from DPI-2 until DPI-20 with highest level on DPI-16.Conclusion: HuHBV could infect and replicate in PTH from T. javanica can be infected with HuHBV and HuHBV can replicate in the PTH from T. javanica.

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In vitro and in vivo anti-hepatitis B virus activities of the lignan nirtetralin B isolated from Phyllanthus niruri L.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.jep.2014.09.019 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 157 ◽

pp. 62-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sheng Liu ◽

Wanxing Wei ◽

Yubin Li ◽

Xing Lin ◽

Kaichuang Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

B Virus

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Suppression of hepatitis B virus antigen production and replication by wild-type HBV dependently replicating HBV shRNA vectors in vitro and in vivo

Antiviral Research ◽

10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 117-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Baosheng Li ◽

Shuo Sun ◽

Minran Li ◽

Xin Cheng ◽

Haijun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Virus Antigen ◽

Wild Type ◽

Antigen Production ◽

B Virus

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Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of Esculetin from Microsorium fortunei In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24193475 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (19) ◽

pp. 3475 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Si-Xin Huang ◽

Jun-Fei Mou ◽

Qin Luo ◽

Qing-Hu Mo ◽

Xian-Li Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Antiviral Drug ◽

Liver Carcinoma ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Duck Hepatitis ◽

B Virus

Coumarins are widely present in a variety of plants and have a variety of pharmacological activities. In this study, we isolated a coumarin compound from Microsorium fortunei (Moore) Ching; the compound was identified as esculetin by hydrogen and carbon spectroscopy. Its anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity was investigated in vitro and in vivo. In the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma 2.2.15 cell line (HepG2.2.15) transfected with HBV, esculetin effecting inhibited the expression of the HBV antigens and HBV DNA in vitro. Esculetin inhibited the expression of Hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein in a dose-dependent manner. In the ducklings infected with duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV), the levels of DHBV DNA, duck hepatitis B surface antigen (DHBsAg), duck hepatitis B e-antigen (DHBeAg), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased significantly after esculetin treatment. Summing up the above, the results suggest that esculetin efficiently inhibits HBV replication both in vitro and in vivo, which provides an opportunity for further development of esculetin as antiviral drug.

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