scholarly journals Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis in Urban and Suburban Areas in Shanghai: A Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Fan ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Yingying Lu ◽  
Junyuan Zheng ◽  
Yue Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

Aim. To investigate the epidemiology, etiology, and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai in 2011 and 2016. Methods. A retrospective study of patients admitted to Shanghai General Hospital (urban and suburban campuses) with AP in 2011 and 2016 was undertaken. Patients were divided into acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP), alcoholic pancreatitis, and pancreatitis of other causes according to etiology. Severity of AP was divided into mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP). Results. AP patients in the suburban area increased more rapidly than those in the urban area. The mean onset age of AP in the urban area in 2016 was older than that in the suburban area (p<0.05). The suburban patients in 2016 have significantly younger mean onset age than those in 2011 (p<0.05). HTGP incidence in suburban patients increased from 2011 to 2016, which changed little in the urban area. Urban females were more likely to develop HTGP than suburban ones in 2011, which reversed in 2016. As to the male patients, the incidence of HTGP increased in both urban and suburban areas. Nonelderly (<60 years old) patients had higher HTGP incidence than elderly ones in both 2011 and 2016. The descending trend of SAP in the suburban area was more obvious than that in the urban area. The length of hospitalization decreased from 2011 to 2016, especially in SAP patients. Conclusions. AP patients increased more rapidly in the suburban area of Shanghai with younger onset age. The incidence of HTGP increased significantly in the suburban area, reminding of the prevention and screening of HTG.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of VOCs in Lianyungang City in 2018

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Lingrui Wang ◽  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Zheng ◽  
Lili Tang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Characteristic Ratio ◽  
Industrial Emission ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Fuel Evaporation

From April to September 2018, five sampling sites were selected in Lianyungang City for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis, including two sampling sites in the urban area (Lianyungang City Environmental Monitoring Supersite and Mine Design Institute), one sampling site in the industrial area (Deyuan Pharmaceutical Factory), and two sampling sites from the suburb (Hugou Management Office and YuehaiLou). The results showed that the mean VOCs concentration followed this pattern: industrial area (36.06 ± 12.2 µg m−3) > urban area (33.47 ± 13.0 µg m−3) > suburban area (27.68 ± 9.8 µg m−3). The seasonal variation of the VOCs trend in the urban and suburban areas was relatively consistent, which was different from that in industrial areas. The concentration levels of VOCs components in urban and industrial areas were relatively close, which were significantly higher than that in suburban areas. The possible sources and relative importance of VOCs in Lianyungang City atmosphere were measured by the characteristic ratio of toluene/benzene (T/B), ethane/acetylene (E/E) and isopentane/TVOCs. The contribution of traffic sources to the VOCs in Lianyungang City was significant (T/B ~ 2), and there were obvious aging phenomena in the five sampling sites (E/E > 4). The ratio of isopentane/TVOCs in the contribution of gasoline volatilization sources in urban and suburban areas was significantly bigger than that in industrial areas. According to the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, aromatics (40.32–58.09%) contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP) at the five sampling sites. The top 10 OFP species showed that controlling n-hexane and aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene in Lianyungang City can effectively control ozone generation. Nineteen typical VOCs components were selected and the sources of VOCs from five sampling points were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) model. The sources of VOCs in different areas in Lianyungang were relatively consistent. Five sources were analyzed at the two sampling sites in the urban area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation, combustion and industrial raw materials. Four sources were analyzed in the industrial area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation and combustion. Five sources were analyzed at the two sampling sites in the suburban area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation, combustion and solvent usage.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody or antiphospholipid antibody: a retrospective study in Shanghai

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e031512
Author(s):  
Zhuochao Zhou ◽  
Junna Ye ◽  
Jialin Teng ◽  
Honglei Liu ◽  
Xiaobing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Rheumatic Manifestations ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterise rheumatic manifestations and autoantibodies in 432 patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) in Shanghai.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective study was conducted in Ruijin Hospital from 1997 to 2017. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of a total of 432 patients were analysed. In addition, the differences between patients with positive and negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies as well as the survival rates of these patients were compared.ResultsA total of 432 patients, including 278 male patients and 154 female patients, were included. The mean age of the patients was 46±16 years. A total of 346 patients (80%) had cardiac surgery, and 55 patients (13%) died in the hospital. Among the IE patients, 104 were tested for either ANCA or aPL and were analysed in different groups. Twenty-one (24%) positive ANCA patients were proteinase 3-ANCA positive. Compared with the ANCA-negative group, patients with positive ANCA had higher IgM (p=0.048), lower haemoglobin (p=0.001) and a higher likelihood of arthritis (p=0.003). Twenty-one (40%) aPL-positive patients had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate than was found in the aPL-negative group (p=0.003). In addition, the survival rate of the ANCA-positive IE patients was lower (p=0.032) than that of the ANCA-negative group, while there was no difference between patients with or without aPL antibodies (p=0.728).ConclusionThis study supports the claim that rheumatic manifestations and autoantibodies are frequently present in patients with IE and might lead to early misdiagnosis. Physicians should pay more attention to the measurement of autoantibodies in these patients.

scholarly journals Severity, Treatment, and Outcome of Acute Pancreatitis in Thailand: The First Comprehensive Review Using Revised Atlanta Classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supot Pongprasobchai ◽  
Peeradon Vibhatavata ◽  
Piyaporn Apisarnthanarak
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Necrotizing Pancreatitis ◽  
Median Length ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Ringer’S Lactate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lactate Solution ◽  
Overall Mortality

Background.Severity and outcome of acute pancreatitis (AP) in Thailand are unknown.Methods. A retrospective study of 250 patients with AP during 2011–2014 was performed. Severity, treatment, and outcome were evaluated. Severity was classified by revised Atlanta classification.Results. The mean age was 58 years and 56% were men. Etiologies were gallstones (45%), alcohol (16%), postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (14%), and idiopathic (15%). Overall, 72%, 16%, and 12% of patients had mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, respectively. Two major types of initial intravenous fluid were normal saline (64%) and Ringer’s lactate solution (RLS, 28%). Enteral nutrition was given in 77% of patients with severe AP, median duration 48 hours, and via a nasogastric tube in 67% of patients. Necrotizing pancreatitis (NP) developed in 7% of patients, and 29% of them developed infection (median 17 days). The median length of stay was 6, 9, and 13 days, and the mortality rate was 1%, 3%, and 42% in mild, moderately severe, and severe AP, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 6%.Conclusion. The severity of AP in Thailand was mild, moderately severe, and severe in 72%, 16%, and 12% of patients, respectively. NP was not prevalent. Mortality was high in severe AP. Most treatments complied with standard guidelines except the underuse of RLS.

scholarly journals Nocturnal Low-Level-Jet-Dominated Atmospheric Boundary Layer Observed by a Doppler Lidar over Oklahoma City during JU2003

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 2098-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yansen Wang ◽  
Cheryl L. Klipp ◽  
Dennis M. Garvey ◽  
David A. Ligon ◽  
Chatt C. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Oklahoma City ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Turbulence Kinetic Energy ◽  
Doppler Lidar ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Level Jet

Abstract Boundary layer wind data observed by a Doppler lidar and sonic anemometers during the mornings of three intensive observational periods (IOP2, IOP3, and IOP7) of the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiment are analyzed to extract the mean and turbulent characteristics of airflow over Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. A strong nocturnal low-level jet (LLJ) dominated the flow in the boundary layer over the measurement domain from midnight to the morning hours. Lidar scans through the LLJ taken after sunrise indicate that the LLJ elevation shows a gradual increase of 25–100 m over the urban area relative to that over the upstream suburban area. The mean wind speed beneath the jet over the urban area is about 10%–15% slower than that over the suburban area. Sonic anemometer observations combined with Doppler lidar observations in the urban and suburban areas are also analyzed to investigate the boundary layer turbulence production in the LLJ-dominated atmospheric boundary layer. The turbulence kinetic energy was higher over the urban domain mainly because of the shear production of building surfaces and building wakes. Direct transport of turbulent momentum flux from the LLJ to the urban street level was very small because of the relatively high elevation of the jet. However, since the LLJ dominated the mean wind in the boundary layer, the turbulence kinetic energy in the urban domain is correlated directly with the LLJ maximum speed and inversely with its height. The results indicate that the jet Richardson number is a reasonably good indicator for turbulent kinetic energy over the urban domain in the LLJ-dominated atmospheric boundary layer.

Immunoreactive phospholipase A2 in serum in acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1116-1120 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Nevalainen ◽  
J U Eskola ◽  
A J Aho ◽  
V T Havia ◽  
T N Lövgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Immunoreactive Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Immunoreactive phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) was measured by a new sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay in the serum of 58 healthy subjects and 103 patients with acute pancreatitis. Patients with acute pancreatitis were grouped according to the etiology and clinical severity of the disease. The mean phospholipase A2 concentration in the reference (healthy) group was 5.5 (SD 1.9) micrograms/L. In acute pancreatitis the mean phospholipase A2 concentration was increased on the first day after hospital admission in all groups, and returned to normal somewhat more slowly than did serum amylase, especially in the patients with severe alcoholic pancreatitis. In this latter group the mean concentration of serum phospholipase A2 on the first day was 42.6 (SD 29.5) micrograms/L. In patients with pancreatic cancer, serum phospholipase A2 was 29.2 (SD 21.3) micrograms/L. The phospholipase A2 and amylase values were closely associated in all groups. The clinical sensitivities were 90.9% for severe alcoholic pancreatitis and 87.5% for pancreatic cancer. Immunochemical determination of phospholipase A2 in serum provides fast and specific detection of injury to pancreatic acinar cells. In addition to the early diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, follow-up determinations of phospholipase A2 seem to be useful in differentiating between mild and severe forms of pancreatitis.

Epidemiology of 2000 Chinese uveitis patients from Northeast China

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Hao ◽  
LI Yang ◽  
Bowen Li ◽  
Xiangtong Chen ◽  
Dongchen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Anatomical Classification ◽  
Sympathetic Ophthalmitis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

AimsTo study the clinical characteristics of 2000 patients with uveitis admitted to the ophthalmology centre of the Second Hospital of Jilin University.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed 2000 patients with uveitis who were admitted to the uveitis clinic of the Second Hospital of Jilin University from July 2010 to June 2019 and analysed data on sex, onset age, onset season, anatomical classification, visual acuity and compared the results with those of other investigation studies.ResultsAmong 2000 uveitis patients, the mean age of onset was 39.9±14.9 years. There were 946 male patients (47.3%) and 1054 female patients (52.7%). By anatomical classification, panuveitis was the most common (986 cases, 49.3%), followed by anterior uveitis (786 cases, 39.3%), posterior uveitis (119 cases, 6.0%) and intermediate uveitis (109 cases, 5.5%). Among anterior uveitis cases, ankylose spondylitis (207 cases, 26.34%), Fuchs syndrome (74 cases, 9.41%) and viral uveitis (71 cases, 9.03%) were the most common. Among panuveitis cases, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (372 cases, 37.73%), Behcet’s disease (142 cases, 14.40%) and sympathetic ophthalmitis (33 cases, 3.35%) were the most common. Uveitis often occurs during the autumn–winter transition period. The prevalence of anterior uveitis is highest in November, and statistical analysis shows that the incidence of uveitis has a significant correlation with the month. Panuveitis has the most significant effect on vision.ConclusionPanuveitis and anterior uveitis are the most common anatomical classifications of uveitis, which has a significant impact on vision, and their incidence is related to seasonal changes.

Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terrence Jose Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Proximal Pole ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome. Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions. Clinical relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

scholarly journals The design of RIP belts impacts the reliability and quality of the measured respiratory signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer Montazeri ◽  
Sigurdur Aegir Jonsson ◽  
Jon Skirnir Agustsson ◽  
Marta Serwatko ◽  
Thorarinn Gislason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Signal Reliability ◽  
Respiratory Airflow ◽  
Flow Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Home Sleep Apnea Testing ◽  
Apnea Testing

Abstract Purpose Evaluate the effect of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) belt design on the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. A comparison of cannula flow to disposable cut-to-fit, semi-disposable folding and disposable RIP belts was performed in clinical home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) studies. Methods This was a retrospective study using clinical HSAT studies. The signal reliability of cannula, thorax, and abdomen RIP belts was determined by automatically identifying periods during which the signals did not represent respiratory airflow and breathing movements. Results were verified by manual scoring. RIP flow quality was determined by examining the correlation between the RIP flow and cannula flow when both signals were considered reliable. Results Of 767 clinical HSAT studies, mean signal reliability of the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable thorax RIP belts was 83.0 ± 26.2%, 76.1 ± 24.4%, and 98.5 ± 9.3%, respectively. The signal reliability of the cannula was 92.5 ± 16.1%, 87.0 ± 23.3%, and 85.5 ± 24.5%, respectively. The automatic assessment of signal reliability for the RIP belts and cannula flow had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 99% compared with manual assessment. The mean correlation of cannula flow to RIP flow from the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable RIP belts was 0.79 ± 0.24, 0.52 ± 0.20, and 0.86 ± 0.18, respectively. Conclusion The design of RIP belts affects the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. The disposable RIP belts that had integrated contacts and did not fold on top of themselves performed the best. The cut-to-fit RIP belts were most likely to be unreliable, and the semi-disposable folding belts produced the lowest-quality RIP flow signals compared to the cannula flow signal.

scholarly journals InSAR Multitemporal Data over Persistent Scatterers to Detect Floodwater in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Beletweyne, Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Luca Pulvirenti ◽  
Marco Chini ◽  
Nazzareno Pierdicca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Multitemporal Data

A stack of Sentinel-1 InSAR data in an urban area where flood events recurrently occur, namely Beletweyne town in Somalia, has been analyzed. From this analysis, a novel method to deal with the problem of flood mapping in urban areas has been derived. The approach assumes the availability of a map of persistent scatterers (PSs) inside the urban settlement and is based on the analysis of the temporal trend of the InSAR coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the InSAR phase in each PS. Both interferometric products are expected to have high and stable values in the PSs; therefore, anomalous decreases may indicate that floodwater is present in an urban area. The stack of Sentinel-1 data has been divided into two subsets. The first one has been used as a calibration set to identify the PSs and determine, for each PS, reference values of the coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the interferometric phase under standard non-flooded conditions. The other subset has been used for validation purposes. Flood maps produced by UNOSAT, analyzing very-high-resolution optical images of the floods that occurred in Beletweyne in April–May 2018, October–November 2019, and April–May 2020, have been used as reference data. In particular, the map of the April–May 2018 flood has been used for training purposes together with the subset of Sentinel-1 calibration data, whilst the other two maps have been used to validate the products generated by applying the proposed method. The main product is a binary map of flooded PSs that complements the floodwater map of rural/suburban areas produced by applying a well-consolidated algorithm based on intensity data. In addition, a flood severity map that labels the different districts of Beletweyne, as not, partially, or totally flooded has been generated to consolidate the validation. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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