scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Source Apportionment of VOCs in Lianyungang City in 2018

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1598
Author(s):  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Lingrui Wang ◽  
Yunjiang Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Zheng ◽  
Lili Tang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Characteristic Ratio ◽  
Industrial Emission ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Fuel Evaporation

From April to September 2018, five sampling sites were selected in Lianyungang City for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis, including two sampling sites in the urban area (Lianyungang City Environmental Monitoring Supersite and Mine Design Institute), one sampling site in the industrial area (Deyuan Pharmaceutical Factory), and two sampling sites from the suburb (Hugou Management Office and YuehaiLou). The results showed that the mean VOCs concentration followed this pattern: industrial area (36.06 ± 12.2 µg m−3) > urban area (33.47 ± 13.0 µg m−3) > suburban area (27.68 ± 9.8 µg m−3). The seasonal variation of the VOCs trend in the urban and suburban areas was relatively consistent, which was different from that in industrial areas. The concentration levels of VOCs components in urban and industrial areas were relatively close, which were significantly higher than that in suburban areas. The possible sources and relative importance of VOCs in Lianyungang City atmosphere were measured by the characteristic ratio of toluene/benzene (T/B), ethane/acetylene (E/E) and isopentane/TVOCs. The contribution of traffic sources to the VOCs in Lianyungang City was significant (T/B ~ 2), and there were obvious aging phenomena in the five sampling sites (E/E > 4). The ratio of isopentane/TVOCs in the contribution of gasoline volatilization sources in urban and suburban areas was significantly bigger than that in industrial areas. According to the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) method, aromatics (40.32–58.09%) contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP) at the five sampling sites. The top 10 OFP species showed that controlling n-hexane and aromatics, such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and trimethylbenzene in Lianyungang City can effectively control ozone generation. Nineteen typical VOCs components were selected and the sources of VOCs from five sampling points were analyzed by the principal component analysis (PCA) model. The sources of VOCs in different areas in Lianyungang were relatively consistent. Five sources were analyzed at the two sampling sites in the urban area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation, combustion and industrial raw materials. Four sources were analyzed in the industrial area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation and combustion. Five sources were analyzed at the two sampling sites in the suburban area: industrial emission + plants, vehicle exhaust, fuel evaporation, combustion and solvent usage.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis in Urban and Suburban Areas in Shanghai: A Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Fan ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Yingying Lu ◽  
Junyuan Zheng ◽  
Yue Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

Aim. To investigate the epidemiology, etiology, and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai in 2011 and 2016. Methods. A retrospective study of patients admitted to Shanghai General Hospital (urban and suburban campuses) with AP in 2011 and 2016 was undertaken. Patients were divided into acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP), alcoholic pancreatitis, and pancreatitis of other causes according to etiology. Severity of AP was divided into mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP). Results. AP patients in the suburban area increased more rapidly than those in the urban area. The mean onset age of AP in the urban area in 2016 was older than that in the suburban area (p<0.05). The suburban patients in 2016 have significantly younger mean onset age than those in 2011 (p<0.05). HTGP incidence in suburban patients increased from 2011 to 2016, which changed little in the urban area. Urban females were more likely to develop HTGP than suburban ones in 2011, which reversed in 2016. As to the male patients, the incidence of HTGP increased in both urban and suburban areas. Nonelderly (<60 years old) patients had higher HTGP incidence than elderly ones in both 2011 and 2016. The descending trend of SAP in the suburban area was more obvious than that in the urban area. The length of hospitalization decreased from 2011 to 2016, especially in SAP patients. Conclusions. AP patients increased more rapidly in the suburban area of Shanghai with younger onset age. The incidence of HTGP increased significantly in the suburban area, reminding of the prevention and screening of HTG.

scholarly journals InSAR Multitemporal Data over Persistent Scatterers to Detect Floodwater in Urban Areas: A Case Study in Beletweyne, Somalia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Luca Pulvirenti ◽  
Marco Chini ◽  
Nazzareno Pierdicca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Average ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Optical Images ◽  
Interferometric Phase ◽  
Multitemporal Data

A stack of Sentinel-1 InSAR data in an urban area where flood events recurrently occur, namely Beletweyne town in Somalia, has been analyzed. From this analysis, a novel method to deal with the problem of flood mapping in urban areas has been derived. The approach assumes the availability of a map of persistent scatterers (PSs) inside the urban settlement and is based on the analysis of the temporal trend of the InSAR coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the InSAR phase in each PS. Both interferometric products are expected to have high and stable values in the PSs; therefore, anomalous decreases may indicate that floodwater is present in an urban area. The stack of Sentinel-1 data has been divided into two subsets. The first one has been used as a calibration set to identify the PSs and determine, for each PS, reference values of the coherence and the spatial average of the exponential of the interferometric phase under standard non-flooded conditions. The other subset has been used for validation purposes. Flood maps produced by UNOSAT, analyzing very-high-resolution optical images of the floods that occurred in Beletweyne in April–May 2018, October–November 2019, and April–May 2020, have been used as reference data. In particular, the map of the April–May 2018 flood has been used for training purposes together with the subset of Sentinel-1 calibration data, whilst the other two maps have been used to validate the products generated by applying the proposed method. The main product is a binary map of flooded PSs that complements the floodwater map of rural/suburban areas produced by applying a well-consolidated algorithm based on intensity data. In addition, a flood severity map that labels the different districts of Beletweyne, as not, partially, or totally flooded has been generated to consolidate the validation. The results have confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Pollution Characteristics of Atmospheric Carbonyls in Urban Linfen in Winter

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Fanxiu Li ◽  
Hengyuan Wang ◽  
Xuezhong Wang ◽  
Zhigang Xue ◽  
Liqin Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Vehicle Exhaust ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Atmospheric carbonyls (aldehyde and ketone compounds) can be precursors for ozone and PM2.5, and they play an essential role in atmospheric chemistry. Linfen is a basin between mountains on the east and west, and there are many coking plants on the north and south sides of its urban area. The special topography and unfortunate industrial layout have frequently contributed to serious air pollution in Linfen. In order to investigate the pollution characteristics of atmospheric carbonyls in winter in urban Linfen, the carbonyl compounds were collected from the Municipal Committee site (MC) and the Yaowangtai site (YWT) from 16 to 25 January 2019, and their concentrations were analyzed by a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). The results show that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were the most abundant compounds, accounting for more than 70% of the total mass concentration of carbonyls in urban Linfen. Levels of these three carbonyls increased during the morning and evening traffic rush hours. The mass concentration of formaldehyde at both sites reached peak values at around noon (10:00–14:00). In addition, the mass concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were positively correlated with CO mass concentrations, whereas only formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were positively correlated with temperature. Therefore, atmospheric formaldehyde in urban Linfen’s winter mainly came from vehicle exhaust emissions and the secondary generation of photochemical reactions. Most of the acetaldehyde came from vehicle exhaust emissions, and photochemical reactions also partially contributed to it. For acetone, vehicle exhaust emissions were the main source. In addition, coking industry emissions from Northern Linfen′s Hongtong County may also have contributed to the atmospheric carbonyls in the urban area of Linfen. For the first time, this study found that formaldehyde showed different behavior to acetaldehyde and acetone; that is, the nighttime decrease in formaldehyde mass concentration was greater than that of acetaldehyde and acetone.

scholarly journals Metodología para la rehabilitación de grandes centros comerciales

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Carretero Monteagudo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Low Density ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Urban Background ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
The City

El estudio de las características urbanas y arquitectónicas, y las posibles medidas de rehabilitación para los centros comerciales de gran tamaño, fueron el punto de partida para evaluar la sostenibilidad medioambiental y urbana de los mismos. En la presente tesis, se desarrolló una metodología de evaluación de cara al análisis de las medidas de rehabilitación que pudieran aplicarse sobre un centro comercial. Se consideraron cuatro familias de medidas: Rehabilitación ecoeficiente, inserción de elementos verdes, inserción de usos en el centro, y una familia de medidas de rehabilitación aplicadas sobre el entorno urbano. Ocho casos de centros comerciales fueron analizados: tres en el contexto urbano de Sao Paulo, tres en el contexto urbano de Madrid, y tres en el contexto de la Norteamérica suburbana. El resultado del estudio permitió establecer un criterio para orientar las operaciones de rehabilitación de centros comerciales hacia ciertos ámbitos de la sostenibilidad. Las conclusiones finales del estudio fueron que es importante considerar varias medidas de rehabilitación de forma simultánea, a la vez que considerar en la escala urbana global para lograr una mejora relevante de cara a la sostenibilidad. Esto último especialmente en centros comerciales ubicados en entornos periféricos de baja densidad. Abstract. The studio of both the urban and architectural features, as well as the retrofitting means of application on a shopping mall, was the parting point to evaluate the sustainability of large surface shopping malls. A methodology to evaluate the efficacy of the retrofitting means of application on malls was developed, considering four families of retrofitting means: Eco efficient refurbishment, insertion of green elements, insertion of uses, and a family of retrofitting means applied in the urban area surrounding the mall. Eight cases were analyzed: Three located in the urban background of the city of Sao Paulo, Three located in Madrid, and two located in the background of the Suburban U.S.A. The result of this study was the establishment of criteria to focus the operations of any retrofitting program applied on a shopping mall towards some facts related to sustainability. Being the final conclusions, the affirmation that is important to consider various means of retrofitting simultaneously on the shopping mall, as well as to consider the wide urban scale to be retrofitted, in order to achieve a relevant improvement towards sustainability. Specially in cases of shopping malls located in low density suburban areas.

scholarly journals Simulations of organic aerosol concentrations in Mexico City using the WRF-CHEM model during the MCMA-2006/MILAGRO campaign

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3789-3809 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Li ◽  
M. Zavala ◽  
W. Lei ◽  
A. P. Tsimpidi ◽  
V. A. Karydis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
Background Site ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Early Afternoon ◽  
The City

Abstract. Organic aerosol concentrations are simulated using the WRF-CHEM model in Mexico City during the period from 24 to 29 March in association with the MILAGRO-2006 campaign. Two approaches are employed to predict the variation and spatial distribution of the organic aerosol concentrations: (1) a traditional 2-product secondary organic aerosol (SOA) model with non-volatile primary organic aerosols (POA); (2) a non-traditional SOA model including the volatility basis-set modeling method in which primary organic components are assumed to be semi-volatile and photochemically reactive and are distributed in logarithmically spaced volatility bins. The MCMA (Mexico City Metropolitan Area) 2006 official emission inventory is used in simulations and the POA emissions are modified and distributed by volatility based on dilution experiments for the non-traditional SOA model. The model results are compared to the Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) observations analyzed using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) technique at an urban background site (T0) and a suburban background site (T1) in Mexico City. The traditional SOA model frequently underestimates the observed POA concentrations during rush hours and overestimates the observations in the rest of the time in the city. The model also substantially underestimates the observed SOA concentrations, particularly during daytime, and only produces 21% and 25% of the observed SOA mass in the suburban and urban area, respectively. The non-traditional SOA model performs well in simulating the POA variation, but still overestimates during daytime in the urban area. The SOA simulations are significantly improved in the non-traditional SOA model compared to the traditional SOA model and the SOA production is increased by more than 100% in the city. However, the underestimation during daytime is still salient in the urban area and the non-traditional model also fails to reproduce the high level of SOA concentrations in the suburban area. In the non-traditional SOA model, the aging process of primary organic components considerably decreases the OH levels in simulations and further impacts the SOA formation. If the aging process in the non-traditional model does not have feedback on the OH in the gas-phase chemistry, the SOA production is enhanced by more than 10% compared to the simulations with the OH feedback during daytime, and the gap between the simulations and observations in the urban area is around 3 μg m−3 or 20% on average during late morning and early afternoon, within the uncertainty from the AMS measurements and PMF analysis. In addition, glyoxal and methylglyoxal can contribute up to approximately 10% of the observed SOA mass in the urban area and 4% in the suburban area. Including the non-OH feedback and the contribution of glyoxal and methylglyoxal, the non-traditional SOA model can explain up to 83% of the observed SOA in the urban area, and the underestimation during late morning and early afternoon is reduced to 0.9 μg m−3 or 6% on average. Considering the uncertainties from measurements, emissions, meteorological conditions, aging of semi-volatile and intermediate volatile organic compounds, and contributions from background transport, the non-traditional SOA model is capable of closing the gap in SOA mass between measurements and models.

scholarly journals Disaster management in industrial areas: Perspectives, challenges and future research

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousif A. M. A. Rebeeh ◽  
Shaligram Pokharel ◽  
Galal M.M. Abdella ◽  
Abdelmagid S. Hammuda
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
Industrial Cities

Purpose: In most countries, development, growth, and sustenance of industrial facilities are given utmost importance due to the influence in the socio-economic development of the country. Therefore, special economic zones, or industrial areas or industrial cities are developed in order to provide the required services for the sustained operation of such facilities. Such facilities not only provide prolonged economic support to the country but it also helps in the societal aspects as well by providing livelihood to thousands of people. Therefore, any disaster in any of the facilities in the industrial area will have a significant impact on the population, facilities, the economy, and threatens the sustainability of the operations. This paper provides review of such literature that focus on theory and practice of disaster management in industrial cities.Design/methodology/approach: In the paper, content analysis method in order to elicit the insights of the literature available.Findings: It is found that the research is done in all phases of disaster management, namely, preventive phase, reactive phase and corrective phase. The research in each of these areas are focused on four main aspects, which are facilities, resources, support systems and modeling. Nevertheless, the research in the industrial cities is insignificant. Moreover, the modeling part does not explicitly consider the nature of industrial cities, where many of the chemical and chemical processing can be highly flammable thus creating a very large disaster impact. Some research is focused at an individual plant and scaled up to the industrial cities. The modeling part is weak in terms of comprehensively analyzing and assisting disaster management in the industrial cities.Originality/value: The comprehensive review using content analysis on disaster management is presented here. The review helps the researchers to understand the gap in the literature in order to extend further research for disaster management in large scale industrial cities.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Variability of Precipitation in Beijing, China during the Wet Seasons

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meifang Ren ◽  
Zongxue Xu ◽  
Bo Pang ◽  
Jiangtao Liu ◽  
Longgang Du
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Circulation Index ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Average Annual Precipitation

To comprehensively evaluate the changes in precipitation patterns in the context of global climate change and urbanization, the spatiotemporal variability of precipitation during the wet seasons of 1981–2017 in Beijing was analyzed in this study using up-to-date daily and hourly precipitation data from observation stations. It was concluded that the average annual precipitation in wet seasons showed a downward trend, while the simple daily intensity index (SDII) showed an upward trend. Precipitation in the central urban area of Beijing showed obvious changes from 1981 to 2017; the average annual precipitation in the central urban area was almost as great as that in Miyun country after 2010, which was the storm center for the past three decades. The average annual maximum 3-h and 6-h precipitation in the 2010s was higher than the past three decades, especially in urban and suburban areas. In addition, the atmospheric circulation index, urbanization impact, and topography were all found to be important factors that affect the pattern of precipitation in Beijing.

scholarly journals Study of Air Quality at One of the World’s Most Densely Populated City Dhaka and its Suburban Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Mohammad Lokman Hossain ◽  
Subrata Chandra Roy ◽  
Mithun Chandra Bepari ◽  
Bilkis Ara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Atmospheric Particulate Matter ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Air Sampler ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The City

Air borne particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 were collected by using Mini Vol portable Air Sampler from the world most densely populated city Dhaka and its suburban areas over a period of January through December in 2016. This study revealed a comparison of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of a highly polluted urban area to its two neighboring areas that accommodate heavy oil based power plants. In all three sites the quantity of PM decreases in summer reaching its lowest level in the month of July, however, it increases significantly in winter season. Despite the presence of the fuel based power plants the average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 at the city Dhaka surpasses its two neighbors Manikganj and Nawabganj. Interestingly, PM2.5/PM10 ratio is higher at the suburban areas than urban area. The study shows that for all the sites PM2.5 is approximately twice than that of WHO and USEPA. However, the values of PM2.5 is almost similar for Nawabganj and Manikganj but much higher for the Dhaka city especially during dry season . The Mass concentration of Black Carbon (BC) was also determined from the PM samples from Manikganj and Nawabganj. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 1, 59-66, 2019

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