scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of infective endocarditis in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody or antiphospholipid antibody: a retrospective study in Shanghai

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e031512
Author(s):  
Zhuochao Zhou ◽  
Junna Ye ◽  
Jialin Teng ◽  
Honglei Liu ◽  
Xiaobing Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies ◽  
Antiphospholipid Antibody ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Rheumatic Manifestations ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterise rheumatic manifestations and autoantibodies in 432 patients diagnosed with infective endocarditis (IE) in Shanghai.Design, setting and participantsA retrospective study was conducted in Ruijin Hospital from 1997 to 2017. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of a total of 432 patients were analysed. In addition, the differences between patients with positive and negative antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies as well as the survival rates of these patients were compared.ResultsA total of 432 patients, including 278 male patients and 154 female patients, were included. The mean age of the patients was 46±16 years. A total of 346 patients (80%) had cardiac surgery, and 55 patients (13%) died in the hospital. Among the IE patients, 104 were tested for either ANCA or aPL and were analysed in different groups. Twenty-one (24%) positive ANCA patients were proteinase 3-ANCA positive. Compared with the ANCA-negative group, patients with positive ANCA had higher IgM (p=0.048), lower haemoglobin (p=0.001) and a higher likelihood of arthritis (p=0.003). Twenty-one (40%) aPL-positive patients had a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate than was found in the aPL-negative group (p=0.003). In addition, the survival rate of the ANCA-positive IE patients was lower (p=0.032) than that of the ANCA-negative group, while there was no difference between patients with or without aPL antibodies (p=0.728).ConclusionThis study supports the claim that rheumatic manifestations and autoantibodies are frequently present in patients with IE and might lead to early misdiagnosis. Physicians should pay more attention to the measurement of autoantibodies in these patients.

scholarly journals Treatment of Severe Renal Disease in ANCA Positive and Negative Small Vessel Vasculitis with Rituximab

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 296-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Shah ◽  
Zdenka Hruskova ◽  
Marten Segelmark ◽  
Matthew D. Morgan ◽  
Jonathan Hogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Severe Renal Impairment ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Small Vessel Vasculitis ◽  
Severe Renal Disease ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background/Aims: Rituximab and glucocorticoids are a non-inferior alternative to cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoid therapy for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with moderate renal disease. The efficacy and safety of this approach in patients with severe renal impairment are unknown. We report the outcomes and safety profile of rituximab and glucocorticoid therapy for induction of remission in patients with AAV and ANCA-negative vasculitis presenting with severe renal disease. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2014. Patients with new or relapsing disease with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of ≤20 ml/min/1.73 m2 treated with rituximab and glucocorticoid induction with or without plasmapheresis were included. Fourteen patients met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes were rate of remission and dialysis independence at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were eGFR at 6 months, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), survival rates and adverse events. Results: All patients were Caucasian, and 57% were male. The mean eGFR was 12 ml/min/1.73 m2 at diagnosis. All patients achieved remission with a median time to remission of 55 days. Seven patients required dialysis at presentation of which 5 patients recovered renal function and discontinued dialysis by 6-month follow-up. The mean eGFR for the 11 patients without ESRD who completed 6-month follow-up was 33 ml/min/1.73 m2. Four patients ultimately developed ESRD, and one died during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Patients with AAV and severe renal disease achieve high rates of remission and dialysis independence when treated with rituximab and glucocorticoids without cyclophosphamide.

Variant isoforms of CD44 expression as predictive markers for mortality in surgically treated patients with locally advanced upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 388-388
Author(s):  
Eiji Kikuchi ◽  
Masayuki Hagiwara ◽  
Nozomi Hayakawa ◽  
Ryuichi Mizuno ◽  
Takeo Kosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Variant Isoforms ◽  
The Mean

388 Background: The variant isoforms of CD44 (CD44v), which are some of the new cell surface markers for cancer stem cells, have been associated with tumor growth, treatment resistance, and cancer death in several cancers. We investigated the role of CD44v8-10, which is a CD44v, on the clinical outcome of patients with advanced upper tract urothelial cancer (UTUC). Methods: The protein expression of CD44v8-10 was immunohistochemically evaluated using CD44v9 antibody, which detects immunogen of CD44v8-10, and investigated the association with clinical characteristics and outcome in surgical specimens obtained from 110 patients who had been treated with radical nephroureterectomy for ≥pT2 UTUC. The mean percentage of positive cancer cells stained with CD44v9 antibody in each tumor was estimated. Results: The median percentage of CD44v9 positivity was 5.50±7.74%. Patients were subsequently stratified into a CD44v9-positive group (n = 82) and a CD44v9-negative group (n = 28) based on a cut-off level of 5%. During the mean follow-up of 4.8 years, disease recurrence was observed in 49 patients (59.8%) in the CD44v9-positive group and in 8 patients (28.6%) in the CD44v9-negative group. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 47.6% in the CD44v9-positive group and 66.6% in the CD44v9-negative group (p= 0.038). Multivariate analysis showed that tumor grade G3 (p= 0.005, HR = 3.77), the presence of lymphovascular invasion (p= 0.041, HR = 1.84), and CD44v8-10 expression (p= 0.028, HR = 2.33) were independent risk factors for disease recurrence. In this series, 37 patients in the CD44v9-positive group (45.1%) and 5 (17.9%) in the CD44v9-negative group died of the disease. The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates were 57.8% in the CD44v9-positive group and 80.4% in the CD44v9-negative group (p= 0.032). The CD44v9 expression (p= 0.040, HR = 2.67) in addition to tumor grade G3 (p= 0.003, HR = 8.35) were independently associated with cancer death. Conclusions: The expression ofCD44v8-10 may be a new biomarker of malignant potential in locally advanced UTUC and could provide additional prognostic information in patients with UTUC.

scholarly journals Clinical features of a Chinese female Non-gestational Choriocarcinoma cohort: a retrospective study of 37 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuming Shao ◽  
Yang Xiang ◽  
Fang Jiang ◽  
Boju Pan ◽  
Xirun Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Remission Rate ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Choriocarcinoma is a rare malignant neoplasm, classified as gestational choriocarcinoma and non-gestational choriocarcinoma. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the clinical characteristics of Chinese female non-gestational choriocarcinoma patients and introduce our experience of treating this rare disease.Results We conducted a single-centered retrospective study on a sample of 37 non-gestational choriocarcinoma patients who were diagnosed and treated at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 1982 to March 2020. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data were collected. Detailed information were available for all individuals in our sample of 37 patients. The primary lesions included 34 in ovary, 2 in pituitary and 1 in stomach. The mean of onset age was 22.8 years. The mean follow-up period spanned 87.5 months. Lung (40.5%) were the most commonly observed metastatic sites. All subjects were treated by surgeries and multi-drug chemotherapies with a mean of 5.8 courses to achieve complete remission. The overall complete remission rate, relapse rate, 3-year and 5-year survival rates are 81.1%, 16.7%, 80.0%, and 75.5%.Conclusions Non-gestational choriocarcinoma could be managed well with surgeries and multi-drug chemotherapies, but the overall outcome was still worse than gestational ones. Both ovary cancer and gestational choriocarcinoma classification could be applied for ovary non-gestational choriocarcinoma. Mixed non-gestational choriocarcinoma seems to have similar therapeutic effects compared with pure ones.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Etiology of Acute Pancreatitis in Urban and Suburban Areas in Shanghai: A Retrospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Fan ◽  
Ling Ding ◽  
Yingying Lu ◽  
Junyuan Zheng ◽  
Yue Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
Onset Age ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Mean

Aim. To investigate the epidemiology, etiology, and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) in urban and suburban areas of Shanghai in 2011 and 2016. Methods. A retrospective study of patients admitted to Shanghai General Hospital (urban and suburban campuses) with AP in 2011 and 2016 was undertaken. Patients were divided into acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP), hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis (HTGP), alcoholic pancreatitis, and pancreatitis of other causes according to etiology. Severity of AP was divided into mild AP (MAP), moderately severe AP (MSAP), and severe AP (SAP). Results. AP patients in the suburban area increased more rapidly than those in the urban area. The mean onset age of AP in the urban area in 2016 was older than that in the suburban area (p<0.05). The suburban patients in 2016 have significantly younger mean onset age than those in 2011 (p<0.05). HTGP incidence in suburban patients increased from 2011 to 2016, which changed little in the urban area. Urban females were more likely to develop HTGP than suburban ones in 2011, which reversed in 2016. As to the male patients, the incidence of HTGP increased in both urban and suburban areas. Nonelderly (<60 years old) patients had higher HTGP incidence than elderly ones in both 2011 and 2016. The descending trend of SAP in the suburban area was more obvious than that in the urban area. The length of hospitalization decreased from 2011 to 2016, especially in SAP patients. Conclusions. AP patients increased more rapidly in the suburban area of Shanghai with younger onset age. The incidence of HTGP increased significantly in the suburban area, reminding of the prevention and screening of HTG.

Surgical Treatment of Double Valve Endocarditis

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Serpil Tas ◽  
Taylan Adademir ◽  
Eylem Yayla Tuncer ◽  
Arzu Antal Donmez ◽  
Ebru Bal Polat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis ◽  
Actuarial Survival ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Septic Embolization ◽  
The Mean

<p><b>Background:</b> We have retrospectively analyzed the results of the operations made for aortic infective endocarditis with mitral involvement in a single center in 19 years.</p><p><b>Methods:</b> From May 1992 to January 2011, we have operated on 72 patients with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve with mitral valve involvement. Fifty-two patients (72.2%) were male and the mean age was 40.5 � 15.5 (9-73) years. The blood cultures were positive in 33 patients (45.8%) and the most commonly identified microorganism was Streptococcus. Nine patients (12.5%) had prosthetic valve endocarditis. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.8 � 4.7 (0.1-16.9) years, adding up to a total of 156.1 patient/years.</p><p><b>Results:</b> A total of 155 procedures were performed on these 72 patients. The most commonly performed procedure was aortic valve replacement, in 63 patients (87.5%). Aortic annular involvement was present in 9 cases (12.5%). In-hospital mortality was seen in 13 patients (18.1%). Postoperatively, 13 (18.1%) patients had low cardiac output, 9 (12.5%) had heart block, and only 1 of them required permanent pacemaker implantation. The actuarial survival rates for 1, 5, and 10 years were 96.4% � 2.5%, 84.4% � 5.1%, and 77.4 � 6.7%, respectively.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Double-valve endocarditis is a serious condition and the surgeon must be aware of the high rates of mortality and morbidity in these patients. Although no association was found, heart blocks and septic embolization must be handled with caution. The patients generally do well after surgery, and recurrences and reoperations decrease by the second year after operation.</p>

SURVIVAL RATES OF IMPLANTS COMPROMISING ADJACENT TEETH AND THE ASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS: AN OPG RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERCAN KUCUKKURT ◽  
Nima Moharamnejad
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Adjacent Tooth ◽  
Implant Complications ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Cutting Direction

Purpose: This retrospective study evaluated the survival rates of implants compromising adjacent teeth and the associated complications. Methodology: Medical records and orthopantomographic images of 1,132 patients and 1,478 implants were retrospectively analyzed. Finally, 96 patients (52 females, 44 males) with 111 malpositioned implants were included in the study. The mean follow-up of the study was 32 ± 14 months. The patients were divided into two core groups: 1) adjacent teeth and dental implants were considerably close but tangent to each other (TAN), and 2) dental implant cutting the roots of the adjacent tooth (CUT). In addition, the CUT group was divided into two subcategories considering the possible cause of malangulation as angled implant (AI) or angled adjacent tooth (AT). Damage to adjacent teeth, future treatment requirements, and the survival rates of the implants were recorded. Results. Among the 111 implants, 4 (3.6%) implants failed, all of which belonged to the CUT category and the AI subgroup. Among the 88 preoperatively vital adjacent teeth, root canal treatment was performed in 18 (20.5%) teeth, whereas 2 (2.3%) teeth were extracted due to malpositioned implanting in follow-ups. Conclusions. The placement of implants too close to the adjacent teeth and even cutting direction did not have a statistically significant effect on the survival rates of implants. However, this could cause adjacent teeth to undergo unnecessary root canal treatment or extraction. Clinical relevance. Patients with malpositioned adjacent teeth or dilacerated root(s) adjacent to the edentulous area are at a higher risk for malpositioned implant complications. Most implant malposition complications are observed in the first premolar region (37% cases). Therefore, more attention should be given while placing implants in the first premolar region.

Revisiting the Natural History of Chronic Scaphoid Nonunions: A Retrospective Study of 20 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Terrence Jose Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Scaphoid Nonunion ◽  
Proximal Pole ◽  
Degenerative Arthritis ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background The natural history of scaphoid nonunion is the development of degenerative arthritis. A lot of information is still unclear about this progression. The purpose of this study is to analyze patients with scaphoid nonunions who had not received any kind of treatment and to assess the functional outcome. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective study that analyzed the patients with chronic scaphoid nonunions between 2009 and 2019. None of the patients received any treatment. The age at the time of injury, examination, pattern of fracture, types of scaphoid nonunion, symptoms, and duration of nonunion were noted. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Scapholunate and radiolunate angles were recorded. Pain score, modified mayo wrist score, grip strength, range of movement, and the functional outcome of these scaphoid nonunions were analyzed. A statistical correlation between the scaphoid nonunion presentations and the functional outcome was assessed. Results The mean age of the patients was 62 years (range: 35–82 years.). There were 17 male and 3 female patients. There were 9 waist and 11 proximal pole scaphoid nonunions. The mean duration of scaphoid nonunion was 34 years (range: 10–62 years). None of the patients had avascular necrosis (AVN) of the proximal scaphoid. The age at examination, gender, side of injury, fracture pattern (waist/proximal pole), fracture displacement ≤ 1 mm or > 1 mm, nonunion duration, and radiographic arthritic parameters had no significant impact on the functional outcome. Conclusions Untreated chronic scaphoid nonunion leads to the development of degenerative arthritis over a period of years, which is still unpredictable. Most of the patients become aware of the nonunion following a precedent injury or other reasons. Most of the patients have fair/good functional outcome despite reduced range of movements and grip strength. Many do not favor surgical intervention in the course of nonunion. Chronic nonunions open a lot of unanswered questions. Clinical relevance There have been numerous studies on the treatment aspects of scaphoid nonunion, with little knowledge about certain people with nonunion who did not have any kind of treatment. The demographics, clinical findings, and radiological parameters do confirm the progression of these nonunion to arthritis, but most of them had fair-to-good outcome throughout their life. It opens our thinking about the real need of treatment in such nonunions and raises numerous questions about the disease. Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.

Cirurgia Paliativa em Pacientes com Tumor Periampular Irressecável: Estudo Retrospectivo de 5 Anos em um Hospital em São José dos Campos – SP/Surgical Palliation in Patients with Unresectable Periampullary Tumor: a Retrospective Study of 5 Years in a Hosp

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
José Henrique Gomes Torres ◽  
Rosyane Rena De Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Periampullary Tumor ◽  
The Past ◽  
Palliative Procedure ◽  
Surgical Palliation ◽  
Head Of The Pancreas ◽  
Keywords Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Main Complication

Objetivo: Avaliar diferentes métodos paliativos quanto a sua resolução, complicações e sobrevida em pacientes com tumor periampular irressecável. Materiais e métodos: Estudo retrospectivo com análise dos prontuários de pacientes com tumor periampular irressecável e que foram submetidos a procedimento paliativo no Hospital Municipal Dr José de Carvalho Florence nos últimos cinco anos. Resultados: O principal tumor periampular foi o de cabeça de pâncreas, com incidência de 94%, acometendo pacientes com média de 66 anos, sem preferência por sexo. Os procedimentos mais realizados foram derivação biliar e colocação de endoprótese através de colangiopancreatografia endoscópica retrógrada, apresentando sobrevidas de 586 e 56 dias, respectivamente. Conclusão: A coledocojejunostomia foi o procedimento mais realizado e apresentou menor tempo de internação e maiores sobrevida e tempo de permanência anictérico. Pneumonia foi a complicação mais frequente.  Palavras chave: Câncer pancreático, Colangiocarcinoma, Cuidados paliativos.  Objective: To evaluate different palliative methods concerning its resolution, complications and survival in patients with unresectable periampular tumor. Materials and methods: Retrospective study analysing records of patients with unresectable periampullary tumor and who underwent palliative procedure in the Hospital Municipal Dr José de Carvalho Florence in the past five years. Results: The main periampullary tumor was the head of the pancreas, with an incidence of 94%, affecting patients with an average of 66 years old, regardless of gender. The most common procedures were bypass and biliary stent, with survival rates of 586 and 56 days, respectively. Conclusion: Coledocojejunostomy was the procedure which was the most often performed and showed a shorter hospital stay and longer survival time and time without jaundice. Pneumonia was the main complication.  Keywords: Pancreatic cancer, Cholangiocarcinoma, Palliative care  

scholarly journals National Temporal Trend Analysis of Infective Endocarditis among Patients Infected with HIV in Spain (1997–2014): A Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fe Muñoz-Moreno ◽  
Pablo Ryan ◽  
Alejandro Alvaro-Meca ◽  
Jorge Valencia ◽  
Eduardo Tamayo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Epidemiological Trend ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Significant Downward Trend

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) form a vulnerable population for the onset of infective endocarditis (IE). We aimed to analyze the epidemiological trend of IE, as well as its microbiological characteristics, in PLWH during the combined antiretroviral therapy era in Spain. Methods: We performed a retrospective study (1997–2014) in PLWH with data obtained from the Spanish Minimum Basic Data Set. We selected 1800 hospital admissions with an IE diagnosis, which corresponded to 1439 patients. Results: We found significant downward trends in the periods 1997–1999 and 2008–2014 in the rate of hospital admissions with an IE diagnosis (from 21.8 to 3.8 events per 10,000 patients/year; p < 0.001), IE incidence (from 18.2 to 2.9 events per 10,000 patients/year; p < 0.001), and IE mortality (from 23.9 to 5.5 deaths per 100,000 patient-years; p < 0.001). The most frequent microorganisms involved were staphylococci (50%; 42.7% Staphylococcus aureus and 7.3% coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS)), followed by streptococci (9.3%), Gram-negative bacilli (8.3%), enterococci (3%), and fungus (1.4%). During the study period, we found a downward trend in the rates of CoNS (p < 0.001) and an upward trends in streptococci (p = 0.001), Gram-negative bacilli (p < 0.001), enterococci (p = 0.003), and fungus (p < 0.001) related to IE, mainly in 2008–2014. The rate of community-acquired IE showed a significant upward trend (p = 0.001), while the rate of health care-associated IE showed a significant downward trend (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The rates of hospital admissions, incidence, and mortality related to IE diagnosis in PLWH in Spain decreased from 1997 to 2014, while other changes in clinical characteristics, mode of acquisition, and pathogens occurred over this time.

scholarly journals The design of RIP belts impacts the reliability and quality of the measured respiratory signals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer Montazeri ◽  
Sigurdur Aegir Jonsson ◽  
Jon Skirnir Agustsson ◽  
Marta Serwatko ◽  
Thorarinn Gislason ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Signal Reliability ◽  
Respiratory Airflow ◽  
Flow Quality ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Home Sleep Apnea Testing ◽  
Apnea Testing

Abstract Purpose Evaluate the effect of respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) belt design on the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. A comparison of cannula flow to disposable cut-to-fit, semi-disposable folding and disposable RIP belts was performed in clinical home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) studies. Methods This was a retrospective study using clinical HSAT studies. The signal reliability of cannula, thorax, and abdomen RIP belts was determined by automatically identifying periods during which the signals did not represent respiratory airflow and breathing movements. Results were verified by manual scoring. RIP flow quality was determined by examining the correlation between the RIP flow and cannula flow when both signals were considered reliable. Results Of 767 clinical HSAT studies, mean signal reliability of the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable thorax RIP belts was 83.0 ± 26.2%, 76.1 ± 24.4%, and 98.5 ± 9.3%, respectively. The signal reliability of the cannula was 92.5 ± 16.1%, 87.0 ± 23.3%, and 85.5 ± 24.5%, respectively. The automatic assessment of signal reliability for the RIP belts and cannula flow had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 99% compared with manual assessment. The mean correlation of cannula flow to RIP flow from the cut-to-fit, semi-disposable, and disposable RIP belts was 0.79 ± 0.24, 0.52 ± 0.20, and 0.86 ± 0.18, respectively. Conclusion The design of RIP belts affects the reliability and quality of respiratory signals. The disposable RIP belts that had integrated contacts and did not fold on top of themselves performed the best. The cut-to-fit RIP belts were most likely to be unreliable, and the semi-disposable folding belts produced the lowest-quality RIP flow signals compared to the cannula flow signal.

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