scholarly journals Career Choices and Career Progression of Junior Doctors in Dermatology: Surveys of UK Medical Graduates

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atena Barat ◽  
Michael J. Goldacre ◽  
Trevor W. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Career Choices ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Longitudinal Surveys ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Recent Graduates ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

Objective. To report UK-trained doctors’ career choices for dermatology, career destinations, and factors influencing career pathways. Methods. Multicohort multipurpose longitudinal surveys of UK-trained doctors who graduated between 1974 and 2015. Results. In all, 40,412 doctors (58% of graduates) responded in year 1, 31,466 (64%) in year 3, and 24,970 (67%) in year 5. One year after graduation, 1.7% of women and 0.6% of men made dermatology their first choice but by five years after graduation the respective figures were 1.0% and 0.7%. Compared to their predecessors, its popularity fell more substantially from years 1 to 5 among recent graduates (2005–15), particularly for women (from 2.1% in year 1 to 0.8% in year 5) compared with a fall from 0.8% to 0.5% among men. The most important factor influencing dermatology choice was “hours/working conditions”: in year one, 69% regarded this as important compared with 31% of those choosing other hospital physician specialties. Only 18% of respondents who chose dermatology at year 1 eventually worked in it; however, almost all practising dermatologists (94%), 10 years after qualifying, had made their future career decision by year 5. Conclusion. Dermatology is popular among female UK graduates. Most dermatologists made their career decision late but decisively.

scholarly journals Junior doctors’ aspirations for careers in ophthalmology: 40 years of surveys of UK medical graduates

JRSM Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 205427041989215
Author(s):  
Trevor W Lambert ◽  
Atena Barat ◽  
Michael J Goldacre
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Change ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Career Preference ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Career Specialty

Objective Using data from 40 years of national surveys of UK medical graduates, we report on ophthalmology as a career choice. Design, setting, and participants Self-administered questionnaire surveys of all graduates from all UK medical schools in selected years of qualification between 1974 and 2015. Main outcome measures Career specialty preferences of doctors one, three, and five years after graduation; career specialty destinations 10 years after graduation. Results One year after graduation, ophthalmology was the first career preference of 1.6% of the qualifiers of 1974–83, 2.2% of 1993–2002, and 1.8% of 2005–15. The corresponding percentages three years after graduation were 1.5, 1.8, and 1.2%. Men were more likely than women to choose ophthalmology: among graduates of 2005–15, 2.4% of men and 1.4% of women did so at one year, as did 1.7% of men and 0.7% of women at five years. Seventy per cent of doctors practising as ophthalmologists 10 years after qualification had told us in their first post-qualification year that ophthalmology was their first choice of career. Conclusions There has been no systematic change in recent years in the proportion of recent medical graduates intending to have a career in ophthalmology when surveyed one year after graduation. However, the proportion at three and five years after graduation was lower than that at year 1. Suggestions for maintaining interest in the specialty include improved career advice, greater early clinical exposure to ophthalmology, and improved access to flexible training. Most practising ophthalmologists had made early decisions that this was their intended career.

scholarly journals Career choices for obstetrics and gynaecology: recent updates from 40 years of national surveys of UK medical graduates

JRSM Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 205427041986161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor W Lambert ◽  
Fay Smith ◽  
Michael J Goldacre
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Career Choices ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Specialty Choice ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynaecology ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
Career Specialty

Summary Objective To report doctors' early career choices for obstetrics and gynaecology, their eventual career destinations and factors influencing their career pathways. Design Multi-cohort multi-purpose national questionnaire surveys of medical graduates in selected graduation years between 1974 and 2015. Setting UK. Participants UK-trained medical graduates. Main outcome measures Career specialty choices; certainty about specialty choice; factors which influenced doctors' career choices; career specialty destinations 10 years after graduation. Results Obstetrics and Gynaecology was the first choice of career for 5.7% of post-2002 graduates in year 1, 4.3% in year 3 and 3.8% in year 5. A much higher percentage of women than men specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as their first choice: in year 1, 7.7% of women and 2.3% of men did so. The gender gap has widened since the 1970s and 1980s. In recent years, of those who specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as their first choice in year 1 after graduation, 48% were working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 10 (63% of men, 45% of women). Looking backwards from career destinations, 85% of doctors working in Obstetrics and Gynaecology in year 10 had specified Obstetrics and Gynaecology as a first, second or third choice of preferred career in year 1. Conclusions Interest in Obstetrics and Gynaecology among UK graduates appears to be exceeding the demand for new specialists. Policy needs to address risks of over-production of trainees and ensure that some graduates interested in Obstetrics and Gynaecology consider alternative careers. The large gender imbalance should encourage consideration of the reasons for men choosing Obstetrics and Gynaecology in falling numbers.

scholarly journals Choice and rejection of psychiatry as a career: surveys of UK medical graduates from 1974 to 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Goldacre ◽  
Seena Fazel ◽  
Fay Smith ◽  
Trevor Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Women Doctors ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Questionnaire Studies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Job Content

BackgroundRecruitment of adequate numbers of doctors to psychiatry is difficult.AimsTo report on career choice for psychiatry, comparing intending psychiatrists with doctors who chose other clinical careers.MethodQuestionnaire studies of all newly qualified doctors from all UK medical schools in 12 qualification years between 1974 and 2009 (33 974 respondent doctors).ResultsOne, three and five years after graduation, 4–5% of doctors specified psychiatry as their first choice of future career. This was largely unchanged across the 35 years. Comparing intending psychiatrists with doctors who chose other careers, factors with a greater influence on psychiatrists' choice included their experience of the subject at medical school, self-appraisal of their own skills, and inclinations before medical school. In a substudy of doctors who initially considered but then did not pursue specialty choices, 72% of those who did not pursue psychiatry gave ‘job content’ as their reason compared with 33% of doctors who considered but did not pursue other specialties. Historically, more women than men have chosen psychiatry, but the gap has closed over the past decade.ConclusionsJunior doctors' views about psychiatry as a possible career range from high levels of enthusiasm to antipathy, and are more polarised than views about other specialties. Shortening of working hours and improvements to working practices in other hospital-based specialties in the UK may have reduced the relative attractiveness of psychiatry to women doctors. The extent to which views of newly qualified doctors about psychiatry can be modified by medical school education, and by greater exposure to psychiatry during student and early postgraduate years, needs investigation.

scholarly journals Career specialty choices of UK medical graduates of 2015 compared with earlier cohorts: questionnaire surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1110) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor William Lambert ◽  
Fay Smith ◽  
Michael J Goldacre
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
One Year ◽  
Career Specialty ◽  
Over Time

ObjectiveTo report the career specialty choices of UK medical graduates of 2015 one year after graduation and to compare these with the choices made at the same postgraduate stage by previous cohorts.DesignNational survey using online and postal questionnaires.SettingUK.ParticipantsUK-trained medical graduates.Main outcome measuresGrouped and individual specialty choices.ResultsThe response rate was 41.3% (3040/7095). Among the graduates of 2015, general practice (27.8% of first choices) and hospital medical specialties (26.5%) were the most frequent first choices of long-term career. First choices for general practice declined among women from 36.1% for the 2005–2009 cohorts to 33.3% for the 2015 cohort, and among men from 22.4% for the 2005–2009 cohorts to 19.3% for the 2015 cohort. First choices for surgery declined among men (from 29.5% for the 2005–2009 cohorts to 21.7% for the 2015 cohort), but not among women (12.3% for the 2005–2009 cohorts and 12.5% for the 2015 cohort). There was an increase in the percentage of first choices for anaesthesia, psychiatry, radiology and careers outside medicine. Anaesthesia, oncology, paediatrics and radiology increased in popularity over time among men, but not among women.ConclusionsCareer choices for general practice remain low. Other current shortage specialties, apart from radiology and psychiatry, are not showing an increase in the number of doctors who choose them. Large gender differences remain in the choices for some specialties. Further work is needed into the determinants of junior doctors’ choices for shortage specialties and those with large gender imbalances.

scholarly journals Career choices for nephrology and factors influencing them: surveys of UK medical graduates

JRSM Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 205427041879302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atena Barat ◽  
Michael J Goldacre ◽  
Trevor W Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Career Choices ◽  
Postgraduate Training ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Career Preference ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Career Specialty ◽  
Career Preferences ◽  
Survey Questionnaires

Objectives To study early and eventual career choices for nephrology among UK medical graduates and investigate factors which influenced career preferences. Design Self-completed survey questionnaires mailed to medical graduates 1, 3, 5 and 10 years after graduation. Setting United Kingdom. Participants UK medical graduates in 15 year-of-qualification cohorts between 1974 and 2015. Main outcome measures Early career specialty choices, career specialty destinations at 10 years and ratings of factors affecting career choices. Results Around 0.4%–1.1% of these junior doctors expressed a career preference for nephrology, varying by year of qualification and years after qualification. Among all graduates of 1993–2002 combined, 0.4% expressed a career preference for nephrology 1 year after qualification rising to 1.0% in year 5. Among graduates of 2005–2008, the corresponding figures were 1.0% in year 1 falling to 0.7% in year 5. Only 18% of doctors who chose nephrology in year 1 eventually became nephrologists. Of doctors who were practising as nephrologists for 10 years and more after qualification, 74% of the women and 56% of the men had decided to pursue a career in nephrology by year 5 after qualification. ‘Enthusiasm/commitment’ had a great deal of influence on those who chose nephrology, for all cohorts and all years studied. Conclusions The most recent data suggest that the proportion of young doctors who sustain an interest in nephrology through the early postgraduate training years may be lower than among their predecessors. Efforts are needed to reverse the declining trend and increase interest in nephrology.

Understanding the career decision making of university students enrolled in STEM disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Dawn Bennett ◽  
Elizabeth Knight ◽  
Sherry Bawa ◽  
Alfred M Dockery
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
University Students ◽  
Career Commitment ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Mathematics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Career Pathways

This study investigated why university students choose to major in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine/health (STEM(M)) disciplines, and how their study and career-related confidence compares with that of their peers. The study engaged 12,576 students enrolled at Australian universities. The findings suggest that STEM(M) students’ career decision making is guided by their interest in the subject and their intentions to help people. Within the STEM(M) cohort, students in medicine and health were more confident in their career decision making than either their STEM or non-STEM(M) peers. Of interest, they were less aware of alternative career pathways and less prepared to reorient their careers should this be necessary. Female students reported greater confidence than male students in their career decision making, career identity, and career commitment. Implications include the need for career narratives beyond the STEM industries and for career development initiatives that are mindful of disciplinary and gendered differences.

scholarly journals Recruitment, Dispersal, and Demographic Rescue in Spatially-Structured White-Tailed Ptarmigan Populations

The Condor ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Martin ◽  
Peter B. Stacey ◽  
Clait E. Braun
Keyword(s):  
General Pattern ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Stochastic Conditions ◽  
Local Survival ◽  
Regular Event ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

Abstract We studied recruitment and dispersal of White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) breeding in naturally fragmented alpine habitats at four study sites in Colorado from 1987–1998. Almost all recruitment for both sexes, particularly females, was of birds produced outside local populations and also external to nearby studied populations. Populations were more dependent on female recruitment than on male recruitment to sustain them, and patterns of recruitment were not correlated with local survival of adults or production of young the previous year, except at one site for females. Over 95% of recruits were yearlings. Breeding dispersal of adults, an infrequent but regular event, was also important to inter-population connectivity. Our data for multiple populations allowed us to describe movement patterns among populations to assess consistency with conditions required for a rescue system. After widespread reproductive failure in one year, we expected all populations the next year would have low recruitment due to a reduced supply of recruits produced in the region. Recruitment was low, but impact varied among populations. We conducted an over-winter study of radio-marked offspring to determine possible influences of winter site location and relatives on recruitment patterns. Contrary to expectation, offspring remained on or near breeding sites in winter, but were not located near their mothers or siblings. Recruitment location was related to winter site location. White-tailed Ptarmigan exhibit a well developed capacity for external recruitment that allows them to persist in small populations with stochastic conditions for breeding and survival. Extensive external recruitment may be a general pattern for birds.

scholarly journals Treatment of children and adolescents with hemangioma using propranolol: preliminary results from a retrospective study

2014 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Costa Albuquerque ◽  
Rosane Aline Magalhaes ◽  
Jamille Araujo Felix ◽  
Maria Vilani Rodrigues Bastos ◽  
Juvenia Bezerra Fontenele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Capillary Hemangioma ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
One Year ◽  
Almost All

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Hemangiomas are the commonest vascular tumors during childhood. In 2008, the effect of propranolol for treating capillary hemangiomas was demonstrated. Other similar results followed, showing that it rapidly reduces lesion volume. The objective here was to evaluate children and adolescents with hemangiomas that were treated with propranolol. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study, conducted in a children's hospital. METHODS : Patients aged 0-19 years with or without previous treatment, who were treated between January 2009 and December 2010, were included. The response was assessed by comparing the lesion appearance between the start of treatment and the last consultation. We considered partial or complete responses as the response to treatment. RESULTS : Sixty-nine patients with a median follow-up of 11 months (mean age: 31 months) were included. Of these, 58 patients were recently diagnosed and 11 had had previous treatment. A response (partial or complete) was seen in 60 patients (87%). Among the capillary hemangioma cases, responses were seen in 50 out of 53 (94%), while in other lesion types, it was 10 out of 16 (63%) (P = 0.3; chi-square). Responses in patients less than one year of age were seen in 37 out of 38 (97%), whereas in those over one year of age, in 23 out of 31 (74%) (P = 0.4; chi-square). Side effects were uncommon and mild. CONCLUSIONS: Propranolol seemed to be effective for treatment of hemangiomas in children and adolescents, and not just in the proliferative stage, with responses in almost all the patients.

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