scholarly journals The Chemical States of Color-Induced Cations in Tourmaline Characterized by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Hanlie Hong ◽  
Ke Yin ◽  
Chaowen Wang ◽  
Feng Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Transition Metal Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
The Rose

In order to better understand the effect of transition metal cations on color of tourmaline, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to investigate the species, chemical state, site occupancy, and chemical environment of color-induced metal cations in colorful tourmaline samples from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Our results showed that the colorful tourmalines usually contained a small amount of transition metal elements, and a colorful tourmaline sample had several transition metal cations; however, the color of tourmaline resulted from the transition metal cations in the Y site of the crystal structure. The pink color of tourmaline was associated with Mn2+ in the Y site coordinating with F; the yellow color was derived from Ni2+ in the Y site binding to O; the green color was associated with Fe3+ in the Y site coordinating with O, OH, and F; the rose red color originated from Mn2+ and Ni2+ in the Y site in which Mn2+ coordinated with O and F, and Ni2+ coordinated with O; and the blue color was derived from Fe3+ and Mn2+ in the Y site in which Fe3+ binded to O, OH, and F and Mn2+ binded to F. Additionally, other transition metal cations were also observed in colorful tourmalines, but all these species occupied the Z site of the structure. In the pink and yellow samples, Fe and Cr were observed in Fe3+ and Cr3+; in the rose red sample, Fe was also found in Fe3+; in the blue sample, Cr was present in Cr3+; in the green sample, Mn, Ni, and Cu were found in Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+, respectively. The color of tourmaline was induced from the absorption of the d-d transition of transition metals in the crystal structure, as charge transfer tended to occur between cations occupying different coordination positions.

Transition metal cations on the move: simultaneous operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction investigations during Li uptake and release of a NiFe2O4/CNT composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (28) ◽  
pp. 19129-19141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Permien ◽  
Tobias Neumann ◽  
Sylvio Indris ◽  
Gero Neubüser ◽  
Lorenz Kienle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transition Metal Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Uptake And Release

Transition metal cations on the move: simultaneous operando XAS and XRD investigations during Li uptake and release of a NiFe2O4/CNT composite.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of Energetic Complexes Constructed from Transition Metal Cations (Fe, Co, Cu, and Pb) and BTO2−

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 3227-3234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Su ◽  
Xiao Jun Wang ◽  
Qing Hai Shu ◽  
Shu Shen Chen ◽  
Shao Hua Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Transition Metal Cations

Effects of transition metal cations and temperature on luminescence of 3-cyano-4-dicyanomethylene-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-olate anion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Igorevich Gurskiy ◽  
Sergey Maklakov ◽  
Natalia Evgenievna Dmitrieva ◽  
Viktor Tafeenko
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Transition Metal Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mononuclear Complexes

Two new mononuclear complexes based on the anion 3-cyano-4-dicyanomethylene-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-olate (С8HN4O2– = HA–) and Mn2+ or Zn2+ cations, namely [Mn(HA)2(H2O)4]·2H2O (1) and [Zn(HA)2(H2O)4] (2), were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray...

scholarly journals Study on the Electrical, Structural, Chemical and Optical Properties of PVD Ta(N) Films Deposited with Different N2 Flow Rates

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Yingying Hu ◽  
Md Rasadujjaman ◽  
Yanrong Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jiang Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
N2 Flow Rate

By reactive DC magnetron sputtering from a pure Ta target onto silicon substrates, Ta(N) films were prepared with different N2 flow rates of 0, 12, 17, 25, 38, and 58 sccm. The effects of N2 flow rate on the electrical properties, crystal structure, elemental composition, and optical properties of Ta(N) were studied. These properties were characterized by the four-probe method, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). Results show that the deposition rate decreases with an increase of N2 flows. Furthermore, as resistivity increases, the crystal size decreases, the crystal structure transitions from β-Ta to TaN(111), and finally becomes the N-rich phase Ta3N5(130, 040). Studying the optical properties, it is found that there are differences in the refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k) of Ta(N) with different thicknesses and different N2 flow rates, depending on the crystal size and crystal phase structure.

The Experimental of Low Temperature Color Slip for Decorative on Earthenware Body

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Soravich Mulinta
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Potassium Feldspar ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yellow Color

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dolomite body, frit and potassium feldspar on the properties of color slip for decorative method of color slip on earthen ware production. The characterization of raw material was analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The experiment started with triaxial blend of dolomite body, frit and potassium feldspar in the defined ratio and then to painting of color slips on earthenware production. After that, firing specimens at 950 °C in oxidation atmosphere. Finally, the specimens were tested microstructure and physical properties. The results showed that the ratio of 50% dolomite body, 40% frit and 10% potassium feldspar were optimum properties for decorative on earthenware body. In color slip consisting of blue color added Cobalt oxide 1% ,Green colors added chromic oxide 10% , Gray color added manganese oxide 10% ,yellow color added stain 2225 10% and hazel color added ferric oxide 2 wt %.

Structures of the Dehydrogenation Products of Methane Activation by 5d Transition Metal Cations

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (20) ◽  
pp. 4115-4126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. F. Lapoutre ◽  
B. Redlich ◽  
A. F. G. van der Meer ◽  
J. Oomens ◽  
J. M. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Methane Activation ◽  
Transition Metal Cations
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