scholarly journals Pervasive Refusal Syndrome in Autistic Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Emily Claire Bond ◽  
Rosalind Yvonne Kirton Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Psychiatric Condition ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Pervasive Refusal Syndrome ◽  
Mental Health Unit

Pervasive Refusal Syndrome (PRS) is a rare child psychiatric condition. We describe a case of PRS in a 9-year-old boy with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presenting with severe weight loss due to extreme restriction of food and fluids. Other prominent symptoms included total mutism, school refusal, and self-neglect. He was admitted to a specialist Child and Adolescent Mental Health Unit. We discuss the symptoms present in this case and the differential diagnosis of ASD in PRS. Although this differential has briefly been considered one in previous case, there have been no reported cases of PRS with a prior diagnosis of ASD. We explore comorbidity and interaction of the two diagnoses. We discuss the possible impact of ASD as a predisposing factor upon the progression and prognosis of PRS.

scholarly journals Improvement in excoriation (skin-picking) with use of risperidone in a patient with developmental disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Roi ◽  
Alessandra Bazzano
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Valuable Treatment ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Complications

Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder present with a heterogeneous mix of features beyond the core symptoms of the disorder. These features can be emotional, cognitive or behavioral. Behavioral symptoms often include self-injury, and this may take the form of repetitive skin-picking. The prevalence of skin-picking disorder in Autism is unknown. Skin-picking may lead to significant medical and psychosocial complications. Recent data suggest that behavioral interventions may be more effective than medications at reducing skin-picking in neurotypical patients. In this case, an 11-year-old male with intellectual disability and autistic spectrum disorder, with self-injurious skin-picking, was treated with risperidone with complete resolution of skin-picking symptoms. risperidone has been approved for irritability and aggression in Autistic spectrum disorder, and may be a valuable treatment option for skinpicking in pediatric patients with developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Israel: Impact of Ethnic and Social Diversities

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mahajnah ◽  
Rajech Sharkia ◽  
Haitham Shalabe ◽  
Ruth Terkel-Dawer ◽  
Ashraf Akawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Jewish Ancestry ◽  
Arab Sector ◽  
Child Development Centers

Despite the increased global prevalence and recognition of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), it is still scarcely reported in the Arab world. Though Israel has a higher prevalence of ASD, a previous national survey of patients diagnosed between 1972 and 2004, demonstrated that 98% of them were of Jewish ancestry. The disproportional low number of Arab children with ASD in Israel is unclear but may reflect lower awareness and cultural bias. In the present study we collected clinical and demographic characteristics of 200 children with ASD from Arab and Jewish sectors in Israel that were evaluated in two child development centers. We compared the incidence and the medical comorbidity of autism between these two ethnics groups. The medical and psychiatric comorbidity profile in these children was similar to the worldwide published studies. In the present study the prevalence of autism in the Arab sector in Israel was similar to that of the Jewish sector. The Arab patients presented with more severe autistic manifestations and higher incidence of mental retardation, familial members with autism, and consanguinity (P<0.05), while in the Jewish sector milder forms (such as Asperger syndrome and PDD-NOS) were more frequent. This discrepancy might be explained by both genetic and cultural factors.

Individual characteristics of students with autism spectrum disorders and school refusal behavior

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Kathrine Munkhaugen ◽  
Tonje Torske ◽  
Elen Gjevik ◽  
Terje Nærland ◽  
Are Hugo Pripp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Refusal ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Emotional And Behavioral Problems ◽  
School Refusal Behavior ◽  
Students With Autism

This study compared social, executive, emotional, and behavioral characteristics of students with autism spectrum disorder who did and did not display school refusal behavior. The participants were 62 students with autism spectrum disorder without intellectual disability aged 9–16 years attending inclusive schools. Parents first completed questionnaires assessing social and executive functioning as well as emotional and behavioral problems. They then documented their child’s school refusal behavior for a period of 20 days. Compared to students without school refusal behavior (n = 29), students with school refusal behavior (n = 33) were significantly less socially motivated; displayed more deficits in initiating tasks or activities, in generating ideas, responses, or problem-solving strategies; and displayed more withdrawn and depressive symptoms. Assessing social and executive functioning, as well as emotional problems, may help professionals provide tailored interventions for students with autism spectrum disorder and school refusal behavior, which will further be valuable in recognizing characteristics associated with school refusal behavior.

scholarly journals Child with autistic spectrum disorder: care from the family

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Domenica Mapelli ◽  
Mayara Caroline Barbieri ◽  
Gabriela Van Der Zwaan Broekman Castro ◽  
Maria Aparecida Bonelli ◽  
Monika Wernet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Acceptance ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Objective: To know the experience of the family in the care of the child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to discuss possibilities of health care. Method: Descriptive research with qualitative approach, carried out with 15 families of children with ASD, living in two municipalities in the interior of the state of São Paulo, from October 2016 to March 2017. The Symbolic Interactionism was used as theoretical reference, and Narrative Analysis, as method. Results: Families perceive signs of autism, however, believe that there are not suspicious behaviors, but the child's personalities. When diagnosis is defined, family acceptance is painful and sad. The mother shows to be the main caretaker, while the father remains in the background. A significant change of direction of the family towards the care/attention/stimulation of the autistic child is observed. Conclusion: Unveiling family experience in the care of children with ASD amplifies strategies for reinforcement and adaptation.

scholarly journals The Cognitive Profile of Persons with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 304-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ekman ◽  
Arto J. Hiltunen
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Control ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Theory

Introduction:Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is often comorbid with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). But to what extent can obsessional symptoms in individuals with ASD be considered “genuinely” comorbid OCD – or are there other mechanisms that are related to ASD? Which mechanisms in OCD with and without ASD share common features? People with ASD have a cognitive profile characterized by “mindblindness”; the antecedent is often referred to in terms of not knowing how to perform or behave and this is the cause of discomfort. This raises the question whether individuals with ASD and comorbid OCD share the same cognitive elements of responsibility interpretation and the same fear of causing harm as individuals who merely have OCD.Objective:The aim of the present study is therefore to evaluate the extent of responsibility interpretation in individuals with OCD alone compared with people experiencing OCD in the context of ASD.Methods:Two instruments, the Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS) and the Responsibility Interpretations Questionnaire (RIQ), were administered to three groups of participants: (i) individuals diagnosed with OCD (n = 32); (ii) individuals with ASD and OCD (n = 19); and (iii) non-clinical control participants (n = 23).Results:Results indicate significant differences in all measures of responsibility belief (interpretation of obsession and assumption of responsibility) between the OCD-only group and the two other groups.Conclusion:The conclusion is that OCD in people with ASD is not as “genuine” as in people with only OCD, according to cognitive behavioral theory of OCD.

scholarly journals Little is known about cannabidiol for improving severe behavioral symptoms of autistic spectrum disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerteshwrya Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Symptoms ◽  
Autistic Spectrum

A clinical decision report appraising Barchel D, Stolar O, De-Haan T, et al. Oral cannabidiol use in children with autism spectrum disorder to treat related symptoms and co-morbidities. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2019;9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2018.01521

scholarly journals Exploring the Experiences of Parents Whose Child has Received a Diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Adulthood

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Legg ◽  
Anna Tickle ◽  
Alinda Gillott ◽  
Sarah Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Relational Support ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic Support

AbstractThere is a growing trend of adult diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Research has found that diagnosis can prompt a process of sense-making which may be disrupted by lack of post-diagnostic support. Given the continued involvement of many parents in supporting their adult son or daughter with ASD, it is vital to understand their experiences to meet their needs in adapting to the diagnosis. Eleven parents of recently diagnosed adults participated in semi-structured interviews which were analysed thematically. Findings demonstrate that the new knowledge of diagnosis facilitates changes in attributions, interactions and relationships, but can result in unmet emotional and relational support needs. Findings are relevant to those involved in adult diagnosis, and the provision of post-diagnostic support.

scholarly journals Alterations of Mitochondrial Biology in the Oral Mucosa of Chilean Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carrasco ◽  
Celia Salazar ◽  
William Tiznado ◽  
Lina María Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Stereotyped Behavior ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Communicative Skills ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Opa1 Gene ◽  
High Oxidative Stress

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by the impairment of socio-communicative skills and the presence of restricted and stereotyped behavior patterns. Recent researches have revealed the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD. Several research groups have identified defects in respiratory complexes, coenzyme-Q10 deficiency, increased oxidative damage, decreased of superoxide dismutase (SOD2). A study on the influence of mitochondrial physiology on the development of ASD can provide new alternatives and challenges. That is why we set ourselves the general objective to initiate studies of mitochondrial physiology in Chilean children with ASD. A sample of oral mucosa was collected in a group of 12 children diagnosed with ASD and 12 children without ASD. In children with ASD, we found a significant increase in mitochondrial DNA levels. Likewise, in these children, an increase in the protein oxidation was observed. Finally, a downward trend in the expression of the HIGD2A and SOD2 genes was observed, while DRP1, FIS1, MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 gene expression show an upward trend. The increment of mitochondrial DNA, high oxidative stress, and high expression of the MFN2 gene could help as a scanner of the mitochondrial function in children with ASD.

Classifying Autism Spectrum Disorder using Machine Learning Models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingyan Deng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Related Feature ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Logistic Regression Classifier

Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability, which can affect communication and behavior, causing significant social, communication, and behavior challenge. From a rare childhood disorder, ASD has evolved into a disorder that is found, according to the National Institute of Health, in 1% to 2% of the population in high income countries. A potential early and accurate diagnosis can not only help doctors to find the disease early, leading to a more on time treatment to the patient, but also can save significant healthcare costs for the patients. With the rapid growth of ASD cases, many open-source ASD related datasets were created for scientists and doctors to investigate this disease. Autistic Spectrum Disorder Screening Data for Adult is a well-known dataset, which contains 20 features to be utilized for further analysis on the potential cause and prediction of ASD. In this paper, we developed an Autism classification algorithm based on logistic regression model. Our model starts with featuring engineering to extract deep information from the dataset and then applied a modified logistic regression classifier to the data. The model can predict the ASD in an average F1 score of 0.97, which displays the superiority and feasibility of the proposed model. Besides, the data visualization technique was used to displays several feature distributions images for people to better understand the data and related feature engineering.

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