scholarly journals Cytomorphological Spectrum of Thyroiditis: A Review of 110 Cases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirish S. Chandanwale ◽  
Rahul Nair ◽  
Anushree Gambhir ◽  
Supreet Kaur ◽  
Aditi Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Follicular Cell ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Function Test

Introduction. Different types of thyroiditis may share some parallel clinical and biochemical features. Timely intervention can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. Aim. Aim of this study is to find the frequency of various thyroiditis, study the cytomorphological features and correlate with clinical findings including radiological findings, thyroid function test, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO antibodies). Materials and Methods. The study included consecutive 110 cases of thyroiditis. Detailed cytomorphological features were studied and correlated with ultrasonography findings, thyroid function test, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) and histopathological features where thyroidectomy specimens were received for histopathological examination. Results. The majority were Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (n=100) and females (n=103). Other forms of thyroiditis were Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with colloid goiter (n=5), De Quervain’s thyroiditis (n=3), and one case each of postpartum thyroiditis and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with associated malignancy. The majority of patients were in the age group of 21–40 (n=70) and the majority (n=73) had diffuse enlargement of thyroid. The majority of patients were hypothyroid (n=52). The serum anti-TPO antibodies were elevated in 47 patients out of 71 patients. In the 48 patients who underwent ultrasonography, 38 were diagnosed as having thyroiditis. The most consistent cytomorphological features seen in fine-needle aspiration smears of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were increased background lymphocytes, lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid follicular cell clusters, and Hurthle cells. Conclusion. The diagnostic cytological features in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis are increased background lymphocytes, lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid follicular cell clusters, and Hurthle cells. FNAC remains the “Gold Standard” for diagnosing Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Clinical history, thyroid function, and biochemical parameters are the key for diagnosis of other forms of thyroiditis.

scholarly journals Thyroid function test evolution in children with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is closely conditioned by the biochemical picture at diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Crisafulli ◽  
Romina Gallizzi ◽  
Tommaso Aversa ◽  
Giuseppina Salzano ◽  
Mariella Valenzise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Function Test

scholarly journals Cytomorphologic spectrum of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its clinical correlation: A retrospective study of 52 patients

CytoJournal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirish S. Chandanwale ◽  
Charusheela R. Gore ◽  
Sunita A. Bamanikar ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Kanika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Antibody Profile

Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease and it is more prevalent in Asians. The incidence of HT seems to be increasing in the recent times. It is one of the most common cause of hypothyroidism. The purpose of this study is to review the cytomorphologic spectrum of HT and correlate it with clinical findings including thyroid function and antibody profile. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the fine-needle aspiration (FNA) features of 52 HT patients. Based on cytomorphologic features patients were categorized into three groups. Clinical findings including thyroid function and thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody profile were correlated with cytomorphologic features in all three groups. Results: Majority of the patients were females and in 2nd, 3rd and 4th decades. Diffuse goiter and thyroid hypofunction were the common findings. Significant number of patients had thyroid hyperfunction. Increased lymphocytes on the background and lymphocytic infiltration of thyroid follicular cell clusters in cytology smears were diagnostic of HT. The 32 patients showed elevated titers of TPO antibodies. In the early stages and mild form of the disease, results of thyroid function and anti TPO antibodies are quite variable. Conclusions: HT is a disease of young and middle age and mostly occur in females. Clinical findings alone may not be adequate for definitive diagnosis. FNA is the gold standard for diagnosis. In the presence of abundant colloid, follicular hyperplasia or co-existing neoplasm, careful interpretation of cytology smears should be done. Aspiration from more than one site minimizes the diagnostic pitfalls.

scholarly journals Cytological Evaluation of Thyroid and its Correlation with Thyroid Function Test and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase in a Patient of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Manish Kumar Das ◽  
Meenakshi Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Function Test ◽  
The Mean

Background: A thyroid swelling is an enlargement of thyroid glands causes by iodine deficiency, ageing, autoimmune disease and benign or malignant tumors. Autoimmune thyroiditis is the second most common thyroid lesion diagnosed after goiter. Materials and Methods: To find out the distribution of thyroid gland swelling in patients visiting otorhinolaryngology department of Nobel medical college and correlate serum thyroid function test and anti-thyroid peroxidase level with fine needle aspiration cytology reports. Results: The mean age of patient with thyroid gland lesions was 40.47 ± 13.05 years. Out of 87 patients studied, the highest number of patients (37, 42.5%) was diagnosed with colloid goiter followed by autoimmune thyroiditis (29, 33.3%). The mean age of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis was found to be 38.66 ± 12.31 years. The sensitivity and specificity of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis was 89.7% and 94.8% respectively. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroiditis has statistical correlation with serum anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies and it can be effectively used as an alternative tool in diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis with acceptable diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Serum Selenium Status and Its Interrelationship with Serum Biomarkers of Thyroid Function and Antioxidant Defense in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Rahim Rostami ◽  
Sarmad Nourooz-Zadeh ◽  
Afshin Mohammadi ◽  
Hamid Reza Khalkhali ◽  
Gordon Ferns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Se Deficiency ◽  
Se Status

Selenium (Se) deficiency has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), although the available evidence is limited. The present study aimed to explore the interrelationships between serum Se status with measures of thyroid function and antioxidant defense in new cases of HT patients with hypoechogenic thyroid. HT patients (n = 49) and matched controls (n = 50) were recruited. Selenium, thyroid hormone panel, thyroid volume (TVol), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase3 (GPx3) activity, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and urinary creatinine (Cr) were assessed. HT patients exhibited lower Se levels compared to controls (p < 0.001) with the rates of Se-deficient (<0.85 µmol/L) participants being 58.8% and 34%, respectively. Se-deficient patients exhibited higher thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), Thyroid volume (TVol), thyroglobulin, antibody-titers, GPx3 activity and UIC/Cr compared to Se-sufficient patients (all p < 0.001). In the Se-deficient patients, inverse correlations were seen between Se-levels with TSH, TVol, and Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) (all p < 0.001). This study is the first to uncover that coexisting Se-deficiency and elevated iodine in HT may enhance autoimmune reactions and accelerate the deterioration of thyroid function through oxidative stress. Our study also highlights the importance of optimal Se status in this disease, thus providing a rationale for the execution of intervention trials for the evaluation of the clinical benefits of antioxidant-status improvement in HT.

scholarly journals SAT-497 Conversion of Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis to Grave’s Disease: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayba S Wahedi ◽  
Najah Younes Douba
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Grave’S Disease ◽  
Thyroid Uptake ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Grave's Disease ◽  
Tsh Levels

Abstract Introduction: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease are common causes for autoimmune thyroid disease. Conversion from Grave’s disease to hypothyroidism have been previously reported in literature. But development of Grave’s disease after a long standing hypothyroidism rarely occurs.Case report: a 22 -year-old Saudi pregnant female patient, was diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism with positive anti -thyroid peroxidase antibodies (Anti-TPO) in 2009. She was started on thyroxin and eventually became euthyroid with normal TSH levels till 2016. During subsequent follow-ups, patient was increasingly complaining of palpitations, weight loss and fine tremors. Thyroid function revealed increasingly suppressed TSH levels and over-replacement was suspected. Thyroxin dose was then gradually reduced and finally stopped for few months. Yet her symptoms persisted. Repeated thyroid function showed suppressed TSH level and elevated T4, T3 levels in keeping with overt hyperthyroidism. Thyroid scan further confirmed the diagnosis with diffuse thyroid uptake suggestive of Grave’s disease.Patient was started on medical treatment initially, then successfully treated with radioactive ablation.Conclusion: Although it rarely occurs, possibility of conversion from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism should always be kept in mind while treating hypothyroid patients with persistent clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism despite dose reduction.References:[1] McLachlan SM. Rapoport B. Thyrotropin-blocking autoantibodies and thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies: Potential mechanisms involved in the pendulum swinging from hypothyroidism to hyperthyroidism or vice versa. Thyroid. 2013;23(1):14-24.[2] Ohye H, Nishihara E, Sasaki I, et al. Four cases of Graves’ disease which developed after painful Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Intern Med. 2006;45(6):385-9.

Comparison of the sonography index of thyroid gland with serum level of Anti-thyroid peroxidase, Anti-thyroglobulin and thyroid function test in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Eftekharian ◽  
Gholamhossein Ranjbar Omrani ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Dabbaghmanesh ◽  
Reza Sahraei ◽  
Marzieh Bakhshayeshkaram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the association of sonographic parameters with the serum levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (Tg), and thyroid hormones in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Methods 149 patients (118 females, 31 males; aged 18–60 years; mean age: 38.60 ± 8.03 years) who were diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were enrolled in the study. Blood sample was taken to measure the serum levels of free T3 and T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-TPO antibody titers, and anti-Tg antibody titers. The thyroid sonography of each patient was classified into one of the five grades by real-time ultrasonography (US) based on echogenicity, thyroid size, and thyroid pattern. We evaluated whether a correlation existed between thyroid characteristics on US and serum levels of thyroid hormones, anti-TPO and anti-Tg. Results Nodular structures were detected in 54 (36.2%) patients (38 micronodular and 16 macros nodular). Echogenicity was recorded as isoechoic in 15 (10.07%) and hypoechoic in 119 (79.87%) subjects. Euthyroid ‎subjects had significantly thicker isthmus than overt and subclinical hypothyroid patients (p = 0.018). Mean serum TSH, anti-Tg and anti-TPO titers was significantly higher in patients with micronodules than those with micronodules and subjects without nodules (P < 0.05). Isthmus thickness had a significant negative correlation with FT4 and FT3 (P = 0.046; r = 0.11& P = 0.017; r = 0.15, respectively). Thyroid autoantibodies had positive significant correlations with different parameters of the thyroid volume (P < 0.05). Conclusions Thyroid’s US findings in addition to serum levels of anti-Tg and anti-TPO titers would be useful in diagnosis and evaluation of the severity and extent of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, but further evaluations are needed. Trial registration: Trial registry identifier IR.SUMS.REC.1395.S161 (2015/11/30).

scholarly journals Hypothyroidism – An Underestimated Complication After Hemithyroidectomy: A Preliminary Study Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Neeraj Aggarwal ◽  
Sirshak Dutta ◽  
Tanaya Panja ◽  
Mainak Dutta ◽  
Sanjoy Kumar Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Serum Tsh

Introduction Hypothyroidism is a significant but an under-appreciated complication of hemithyroidectomy. The focus of this study was to assess the incidence of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy, identify the risk factors and to suggest a possible follow-up guideline for diagnosis. Materials and Methods An institution based preliminary study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, in a tertiary care hospital, from August 2014 to December 2015 on 25 patients. The patients were regularly followed up in 1st month, 3rd month, 6thmonth, 9th month and 1 year period with the thyroid function test. Results Incidence of hypothyroidism occurring after hemithyroidectomy including transient and permanent cases is 32%. Increased age of presentation, longer duration of thyroid swelling, pre-operative serum TSH level >2.5 mIU/ml, lymphocytic infiltration in histopathology and right sided hemithyroidectomy were found to be the possible risk factors. Conclusion It is indicated from this preliminary report that there should be a serial thyroid function monitoring in every post-operative hemithyroidectomy patient, and special attention should be given to the risk group

Influence of thyroxine treatment on thyroid size and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Hegedüs ◽  
Jens Melholm Hansen ◽  
Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen ◽  
Bo Melholm Hansen ◽  
Mimi Høier-Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment

scholarly journals The Link between Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Role for Regulatory T Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (12) ◽  
pp. 5724-5733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. McLachlan ◽  
Yuji Nagayama ◽  
Pavel N. Pichurin ◽  
Yumiko Mizutori ◽  
Chun-Rong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Hashimoto’S Thyroiditis ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Treg Depletion ◽  
A Subunit

Hyperthyroidism in Graves’ disease is caused by thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies to the TSH receptor (TSHR), whereas hypothyroidism in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is associated with thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin autoantibodies. In some Graves’ patients, thyroiditis becomes sufficiently extensive to cure the hyperthyroidism with resultant hypothyroidism. Factors determining the balance between these two diseases, the commonest organ-specific autoimmune diseases affecting humans, are unknown. Serendipitous findings in transgenic BALB/c mice, with the human TSHR A-subunit targeted to the thyroid, shed light on this relationship. Of three transgenic lines, two expressed high levels and one expressed low intrathyroidal A-subunit levels (Hi- and Lo-transgenics, respectively). Transgenics and wild-type littermates were depleted of T regulatory cells (Treg) using antibodies to CD25 (CD4+ T cells) or CD122 (CD8+ T cells) before TSHR-adenovirus immunization. Regardless of Treg depletion, high-expressor transgenics remained tolerant to A-subunit-adenovirus immunization (no TSHR antibodies and no hyperthyroidism). Tolerance was broken in low-transgenics, although TSHR antibody levels were lower than in wild-type littermates and no mice became hyperthyroid. Treg depletion before immunization did not significantly alter the TSHR antibody response. However, Treg depletion (particularly CD25) induced thyroid lymphocytic infiltrates in Lo-transgenics with transient or permanent hypothyroidism (low T4, elevated TSH). Neither thyroid lymphocytic infiltration nor hypothyroidism developed in similarly treated wild-type littermates. Remarkably, lymphocytic infiltration was associated with intermolecular spreading of the TSHR antibody response to other self thyroid antigens, murine thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin. These data suggest a role for Treg in the natural progression of hyperthyroid Graves’ disease to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and hypothyroidism in humans.

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