Engineered Multifunctional Fluorinated Film Based on Semicontinuous Emulsion Polymerization Using Polymerizable Quaternary Ammonium Emulsifiers

Along with society’s progress, high-quality coatings are widely used. Although fluorinated polymers were successfully prepared by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization with surfactants, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and acrylate monomers, the optimization collocation of surfactants still has room for improvement. The traditional emulsifiers are physically absorbed onto the surface of latex particles. The latex film generated by latex particles is unstable in water, which limits its application. Herein, a novel series of cationic quaternary ammonium polymerizable surfactant was selected because it can react with CTFE and acrylate monomers and can become a part of the polymers. We also studied the effects of emulsifier type on resultant emulsion properties. In addition, wonderful weatherability, water resistance, and antibacterial and antifouling of the multifunctional fluorinated films were observed, which would open up a bright future for coating industries.

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Effect of Fluorine-Containing Surfactant on Fluorinated Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization and the Properties of the Latex Film

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.875-877.130 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 875-877 ◽

pp. 130-134

Author(s):

Wei Yang ◽

Yi Chi Chen ◽

Xiao Qun Wang ◽

Dong Xiao Han ◽

Li Qun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

Latex Film ◽

Average Particle ◽

Surfactant Mixture ◽

Surfactant Mixtures ◽

Latex Particles ◽

Fluorinated Acrylate ◽

Hybrid Latex

Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer modified acrylate hybrid latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) in the presence of three kinds of surfactant mixture conditions, respectively. The effect of different surfactant mixtures on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex and film were investigated. Chemical composition and morphology of the resultant hybrid latex particles were respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of a small amount fluorine-containing surfactant leads to an increase of the monomer conversion and improvement of thermal stability of the latex. The average particle size of the latex prepared in the presence of OP-10/Le-180s/CO-436/Le-003 surfactant mixture was uniform and the particle distribution was narrow; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the hybrid latex possessed good thermal stability, and the result also revealed the latex exhibited good dilution, refrigeration as well as Ca2+ stability.

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Stability of the polymerizable surfactant stabilized latex particles during semibatch emulsion polymerization

Colloid & Polymer Science ◽

10.1007/s003960050061 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 275 (2) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

C. S. Chern ◽

Y. C. Chen

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Polymerizable Surfactant ◽

Latex Particles

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Functional surfaces obtained from emulsion polymerization using antimicrobial glycosylated block copolymers as surfactants

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c5py00776c ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (34) ◽

pp. 6171-6181 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marta Álvarez-Paino ◽

Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla ◽

Fátima López-Fabal ◽

José L. Gómez-Garcés ◽

Johan P. A. Heuts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Copolymer ◽

Block Copolymers ◽

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Amphiphilic Block Copolymer ◽

Latex Particles ◽

Antimicrobial Surfaces ◽

Functional Surfaces

Antimicrobial surfaces were obtained from latex particles stabilized with amphiphilic block copolymer surfactants containing both quaternary ammonium and carbohydrate groups.

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Tracking Hydroplasticization by DSC: Movement of Water Domains Bound to Poly(Meth)Acrylates during Latex Film Formation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12112500 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 2500

Author(s):

Sebastian M. Dron ◽

Maria Paulis

Keyword(s):

Itaconic Acid ◽

Water Resistance ◽

Film Formation ◽

Latex Film ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Acrylate Copolymer ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Minimum Film Formation Temperature ◽

Latex Film Formation ◽

Formation Step

The film formation step of latexes constitutes one of the challenges of these environmentally friendly waterborne polymers, as the high glass transition (TG) polymers needed to produce hard films to be used as coatings will not produce coherent films at low temperature. This issue has been dealt by the use of temporary plasticizers added with the objective to reduce the TG of the polymers during film formation, while being released to the atmosphere afterwards. The main problem of these temporary plasticizers is their volatile organic nature, which is not recommended for the environment. Therefore, different strategies have been proposed to overcome their massive use. One of them is the use of hydroplasticization, as water, abundant in latexes, can effectively act as plasticizer for certain types of polymers. In this work, the effect of three different grafted hydroplasticizers has been checked in a (meth)acrylate copolymer, concluding that itaconic acid showed the best performance as seen by its low minimum film-formation temperature, just slightly modified water resistance and better mechanical properties of the films containing itaconic acid. Furthermore, film formation monitoring has been carried out by Differential Scanning Calorimety (DSC), showing that itaconic acid is able to retain more strongly the water molecules during the water losing process, improving its hydroplasticization capacity.

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Synthesis of double-responsive magnetic latex particles via seeded emulsion polymerization using macroRAFT block copolymers as stabilizers

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c9py01627a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 648-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thiago Rodrigues Guimarães ◽

Muriel Lansalot ◽

Elodie Bourgeat-Lami

Keyword(s):

Block Copolymers ◽

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Magnetic Response ◽

Seeded Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Latex Particles ◽

Magnetic Carriers

We report the synthesis of magnetic latex particles decorated with double-responsive PDMAEMA segments with fast magnetic response via RAFT-assisted emulsion polymerization, highlighting this strategy as a powerful tool for magnetic carriers design.

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Synthesis and properties of fluorine-silicon modified polyacrylate hybrid latex particles with core-shell structure obtained via emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization

Polymer International ◽

10.1002/pi.4926 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 1373-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jianhua Zhou ◽

Xin Chen ◽

Hao Duan ◽

Jianzhong Ma

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Shell Structure ◽

Core Shell ◽

Latex Particles ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

Hybrid Latex

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Semibatch Emulsion Polymerization of Butyl Acrylate by a Polymerizable Surfactant Stabilized

Polymer Journal ◽

10.1295/polymj.28.627 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 28 (7) ◽

pp. 627-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Chorng-Shyan Chern ◽

Yu-Chang Chen

Keyword(s):

Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Butyl Acrylate ◽

Polymerizable Surfactant

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Water-Resistant Latex Coatings: Tuning of Properties by Polymerizable Surfactant, Covalent Crosslinking and Nanostructured ZnO Additive

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11030347 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Jana Machotová ◽

Andréa Kalendová ◽

Denisa Steinerová ◽

Petra Mácová ◽

Stanislav Šlang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Water Resistance ◽

High Water ◽

Coating Performance ◽

Polymerizable Surfactant ◽

Ionic Crosslinking ◽

Latex Coatings ◽

Covalent Crosslinking ◽

Coating Composition ◽

Acrylic Latexes

This paper deals with the development of acrylic latexes providing high-performance water-resistant coatings. For this purpose, mutual effects of anionic surfactant type (ordinary and polymerizable), covalent intra- and/or interparticle crosslinking (introduced by allyl methacrylate copolymerization and keto-hydrazide reaction, respectively) and ionic crosslinking (provided by nanostructured ZnO additive) were investigated. The latexes were prepared by the standard emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid as the main monomers. The addition of surface-untreated powdered nanostructured ZnO was performed during latex synthesis, resulting in stable latexes comprising dispersed nanosized additive in the content of ca 0.9-1.0 wt.% (based on solids). The coating performance with emphasis on water resistance was evaluated. It was determined that the application of the polymerizable surfactant improved coating adhesion and water-resistance, but it wasn′t able to ensure high water-resistance of coatings. Highly water-resistant coatings were obtained provided that covalent intra- and interparticle crosslinking together with ionic crosslinking were employed in the coating composition, forming densely crosslinked latex films. Moreover, coatings comprising nanostructured ZnO additive displayed a significant antibacterial activity and improved solvent resistance.

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