Effect of Fluorine-Containing Surfactant on Fluorinated Acrylate Emulsion Polymerization and the Properties of the Latex Film

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yi Chi Chen ◽  
Xiao Qun Wang ◽  
Dong Xiao Han ◽  
Li Qun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Surfactant Mixture ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Fluorinated Acrylate ◽  
Hybrid Latex

Fluorine-containing acrylate monomer modified acrylate hybrid latex particles were synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), methacrylic acid (MAA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFMA) in the presence of three kinds of surfactant mixture conditions, respectively. The effect of different surfactant mixtures on properties of fluorinated acrylate latex and film were investigated. Chemical composition and morphology of the resultant hybrid latex particles were respectively characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The addition of a small amount fluorine-containing surfactant leads to an increase of the monomer conversion and improvement of thermal stability of the latex. The average particle size of the latex prepared in the presence of OP-10/Le-180s/CO-436/Le-003 surfactant mixture was uniform and the particle distribution was narrow; thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated the hybrid latex possessed good thermal stability, and the result also revealed the latex exhibited good dilution, refrigeration as well as Ca2+ stability.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Nanostructures of CuO/Cu2O Fabricated via Potentiostatic and Galvanostatic Anodization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
S. Mary Margaret ◽  
Albin John P. Paul Winston ◽  
S. Muthupandi ◽  
P. Shobha ◽  
P. Sagayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Molecular Vibration ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Good Crystallinity ◽  
Cu Foil

A detailed comparative study on the synthesis process of coral-like CuO/Cu2O nanorods (NRs) and nanopolycrystals (NPCs) fabricated on Cu foil employing aqueous electrolyte via potentiostatic (POT) and galvanostatic (GAL) modes is discussed. The structural, morphological, thermal, compositional, and molecular vibration of the prepared CuO/Cu2O nanostructures was characterized by XRD, HRSEM, TG/DTA, FTIR, and EDX techniques. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline phase of the formation of monoclinic CuO and cubic Cu2O nanostructures with well-defined morphology. The average particle size was found to be 21.52 nm and 26.59 nm for NRs (POT) and NPCs (GAL), respectively, and this result is corroborated from the HRSEM analysis. POT synthesized nanoparticle depicted a higher thermal stability up to 600°C implying that the potentiostatically grown coral-like NRs exhibit a good crystallinity and well-ordered morphology.

Swelling of Latex Particles

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 814-824
Author(s):  
Maurice Morton ◽  
Samuel Kaizerman ◽  
Mary W. Altier
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Interfacial Energy ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Equilibrium Solubility ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling

Abstract A theoretical relation has been derived for the equilibrium swelling of latex particles. The equilibrium solubility and rate of solution of solvents were measured on a series of polystyrene latex fractions of varying particle size. The solvents used were styrene, toluene, and chlorocyclohexane. It was found, as predicted by theory, that the equilibrium amount of solvent imbibed by latex particles is a direct function of the particle diameter and an inverse function of the interfacial energy at the surface of the particles. The molecular weight of the polymer has no effect on the equilibrium swelling, within the range from 100,000 to several million molecular weight units. The rate of imbibition of these solvents appears to be extremely rapid, indicating that equilibrium solubility would appear to be maintained in most polymerization reactions. The fact that a particular solvent is a “good” solvent for the polymer does not necessarily result in a greater swelling of the particles, since the solvent may show a higher interfacial energy against the aqueous phase. The soap titration method is best for determining the average particle size of a latex for purposes of predicting equilibrium swelling.

scholarly journals The influence of powder particle size on properties of Cu-Al2O3 composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rajkovic ◽  
D. Bozic ◽  
M. Popovic ◽  
M.T. Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Copper Powder ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Size Refinement ◽  
Al2o3 Particles ◽  
Milled Powders

Inert gas atomized prealloyed copper powder containing 2 wt.% Al (average particle size ? 30 ?m) and a mixture consisting of copper (average particle sizes ? 15 ?m and 30 ?m) and 4 wt.% of commercial Al2O3 powder particles (average particle size ? 0.75 ?m) were milled separately in a high-energy planetary ball mill up to 20 h in air. Milling was performed in order to strengthen the copper matrix by grain size refinement and Al2O3 particles. Milling in air of prealloyed copper powder promoted formation of finely dispersed nano-sized Al2O3 particles by internal oxidation. On the other side, composite powders with commercial micro-sized Al2O3 particles were obtained by mechanical alloying. Following milling, powders were treated in hydrogen at 400 0C for 1h in order to eliminate copper oxides formed on their surface during milling. Hot-pressing (800 0C for 3 h in argon at pressure of 35 MPa) was used for compaction of milled powders. Hot-pressed composite compacts processed from 5 and 20 h milled powders were additionally subjected to high temperature exposure (800?C for 1 and 5h in argon) in order to examine their thermal stability. The results were discussed in terms of the effects of different size of starting powders, the grain size refinement and different size of Al2O3 particles on strengthening, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of copper-based composites.

scholarly journals Polydimethylsiloxane and Castor Oil Comodified Waterborne Polyurethane

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Ji ◽  
Yanming Zhou ◽  
Baoling Zhang ◽  
Caiying Hou ◽  
Guozhang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Fourier Transforms Infrared Spectroscopy

In view of both improving properties of waterborne polyurethane (WPU) and sufficient utilization of renewable resources, a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and castor oil (C.O.) comodified anionic WPUs with internal cross-linking was prepared through a prepolymer mixing process. The chemical structure of synthesized polymers was characterized by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In comparison with traditional linear WPU synthesized from petroleum-based polyols, these novel WPU films exhibited superior properties in solvent and water resistance, thermal stability, and mechanical strength, which suggest promising applications of these new environmentally friendly materials, particularly in the area of decorative and protective coatings. In addition, the results showed that with the increase in PDMS content in these co-modified WPUs the average particle size, the water resistance, and the thermal stability increased accordingly while the solvent resistance and the mechanical properties decreased.

scholarly journals Engineered Multifunctional Fluorinated Film Based on Semicontinuous Emulsion Polymerization Using Polymerizable Quaternary Ammonium Emulsifiers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongzhu Liu ◽  
Lingnan Wang ◽  
Minhuan Wang ◽  
Chuan-Jin Hou ◽  
Bin-bin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Latex Film ◽  
Fluorinated Polymers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Polymerizable Surfactant ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
Bright Future ◽  
Acrylate Monomers

Along with society’s progress, high-quality coatings are widely used. Although fluorinated polymers were successfully prepared by semicontinuous emulsion polymerization with surfactants, chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE), and acrylate monomers, the optimization collocation of surfactants still has room for improvement. The traditional emulsifiers are physically absorbed onto the surface of latex particles. The latex film generated by latex particles is unstable in water, which limits its application. Herein, a novel series of cationic quaternary ammonium polymerizable surfactant was selected because it can react with CTFE and acrylate monomers and can become a part of the polymers. We also studied the effects of emulsifier type on resultant emulsion properties. In addition, wonderful weatherability, water resistance, and antibacterial and antifouling of the multifunctional fluorinated films were observed, which would open up a bright future for coating industries.

Synthesis and Characterization of EC / BA / VAc Hybrid Latexes via Pre-Emulsified Semi-Continuous Seed Emulsion Polymerization

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Shui Jiao Liao ◽  
Wei Bing Wu ◽  
Da Zhen ◽  
Zhi Dong Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Coated Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Emulsion Polymerization ◽  
Stability Of Emulsion

Hybrid latexes containing ethyl cellulose (EC), vinyl acetate (VAc) and butyl acrylate (BA) were prepared by pre-emulsified semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization. Influences of some synthetic parameters on the stability of emulsion polymerization were investigated. The emulsion polymerization is optimum with emulsifier 3 wt%, OP-10/ SDS 1/1 and PVA 0.5 g. The emulsion average particle size increases with EC content increase.TGA and water absorption analysis show that EC/ BA / VAc hybrid latexes films containing more BA display better thermal stability and hydrophobicity. The EC/BA/VAc latex shows good biodegradation, flexility property and is suitable for slow-release material of environmental-friendly coated fertilizer.

Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Cationic Polyurethanes/Polypyrrole Conductive Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 538 ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Hai Hua Wang ◽  
Jin Juan Hu ◽  
Yi Ding Shen ◽  
Gui Qiang Fei ◽  
Juan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Conductive Composites ◽  
Structure Morphology ◽  
Ft Ir

A series of waterborne cationic polyurethanes dispersions (CWPU) was prepared through prepolymerization method by reacting polyethylene glycol (PEG1000) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with N-methyl diethanol amine (MDEA) as chain extender. Then FeCl3 was employed as oxidant, therefore CWPU/polypyrrole (CWPU/PPy) conductive composite was prepared by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole (Py) in CWPU dispersions. Effects of molar ratio of FeCl3 to Py, Py concentration on the resistivity of the CWPU/PPy composite films were investigated. The structure, morphology and thermal stability were also characterized by Fourier infrared spectra (FT-IR), light scattering, TEM, and TGA. FT-IR demonstrated the presence of hydrogen-bonding interactions between CWPU and PPy. The average particle size of CWPU/PPy increased from 10.61nm to 30.29nm compared with pure PU, and corresponding size distribution decreased from 0.850 to 0.346. It was also found that CWPU/PPy displayed as spherical morphology, and no aggregation among particles was detected among particles. TGA certified CWPU/PPy was endowed with better thermal stability. In addition, conductivity stability of composites films was also studied. It was found that composite films not only displayed low resistivity but also improved conductivity stability.

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