scholarly journals Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray, CT, and Multimodal Imaging Contrast Agents: Formulation, Targeting, and Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Mahan ◽  
Amber L. Doiron
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scan Time

Computed tomography (CT) is among the most popular medical imaging modalities due to its high resolution images, fast scan time, low cost, and compatibility with all patients. CT scans of soft tissues require the localization of imaging contrast agents (CA) to create contrast, revealing anatomic information. Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) have attracted interest recently for their use as CT CA due to their high X-ray attenuation, simple surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. Targeting molecules may be attached to the particles to allow for the targeting of specific cell types and disease states. AuNP can also be readily designed to incorporate other imaging contrast agents such as rare earth metals and dyes. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of AuNP used as X-ray and multimodal contrast agents. Primary research is analyzed through the lens of structure-property-function to best explain the design of a particle for a given application. Design specification of particles includes size, shape, surface functionalization, composition, circulation time, and component synergy. Key considerations include delivery of a CA payload to the site of interest, nontoxicity of particle components, and contrast enhancement compared to the surrounding tissue. Examples from literature are included to illustrate the strategies used to address design considerations.

scholarly journals Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1983-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa A A Aljabali ◽  
Mazhar S Al Zoubi ◽  
Khalid M Al-Batanyeh ◽  
Ali Al-Radaideh ◽  
Mohammad A Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Scan Time ◽  
Ct Contrast Agent ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Resolution Imaging

Chemical modification of the surface of viruses, both the interior and the exterior, imparts new functionalities, that have potential applications in nanomedicine. In this study, we developed novel virus-based nanomaterials as a contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) imaging in vitro. The gold-coated cowpea mosaic virus (Au-CPMV) particles were generated by the electrostatic adsorption of positively charged electrolyte on the virus capsid with the subsequent incubation and reduction of anionic gold complexes. Au-CPMV particles as a CT contrast agent offer a fast scan time (less than 2 min), low cost, and biocompatibility and allow for high-resolution imaging with ca. 150 Hounsfield units (HU). The Au-CPMV surface was further modified allowing for the incorporation of targeting molecules of specific cell types.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles via Sargassum serratifolium Extract for Catalytic Reduction of Organic Dyes

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Beomjin Kim ◽  
Woo Chang Song ◽  
Sun Young Park ◽  
Geuntae Park
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sargassum Serratifolium

The green synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) using bio-materials has attained enormous attention in recent years due to its simple, eco-friendly, low-cost and non-toxic nature. In this work, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized by the marine algae extract, Sargassum serratifolium (SS). The characteristic studies of bio-synthesized SS-AgNPs and SS-AuNPs were carried out by using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Phytochemicals in the algae extract, such as meroterpenoids, acted as a capping agent for the NPs’ growth. The synthesized Ag and Au NPs were found to have important catalytic activity for the degradation of organic dyes, including methylene blue, rhodamine B and methyl orange. The reduction of dyes by SS-AgNPs and -AuNPs followed the pseudo-first order kinetics.

X-ray computed tomography contrast agents prepared by seeded growth of gold nanoparticles in PEGylated dendrimer

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 245104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chie Kojima ◽  
Yasuhito Umeda ◽  
Mikako Ogawa ◽  
Atsushi Harada ◽  
Yasuhiro Magata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Seeded Growth ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

CMR 2007: 8.03: Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents for MRI and X-ray computed tomography imaging

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
S. Roux ◽  
C. Alric ◽  
J. Taleb ◽  
C. Mandon ◽  
C. Billotey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Computed Tomography Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tomography Imaging ◽  
X Ray Computed

Design and Synthesis of Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for Spectral (color) X-Ray Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash D. Nallathamby ◽  
Tracie L. Mcginnity ◽  
Lisa E. Cole ◽  
Margaret E. Best ◽  
Tracy Vargo-Gogola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Surface Functionalization ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
Spectral Ct ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Core Diameter ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTComputed tomography (CT) is an important tool in clinical diagnostic imaging enabling three-dimensional anatomic imaging at high spatial resolution with short scan times. However, X-ray attenuation differences in physiological fluids and soft tissues are relatively small, requiring the use of contrast agents to achieve sufficient imaging contrast. Recent advances in energy-sensitive X-ray detectors have made spectral (color) CT commercially feasible by unmixing the energy-dependent attenuation profile of different materials and will potentially enable molecular imaging in CT. In order to leverage these capabilities for diagnostic imaging, we are developing a spectral library of nanoparticle contrast agents with K-shell absorption edges spaced at least 10 keV apart. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the ability of spectral CT to simultaneously detect up to three different contrast agents and unmixed their signals to create color images. Gadolinium oxide (Gd), hafnium oxide (Hf) and gold (Au) were chosen due to exhibiting K-edges spaced 10-20 keV apart. Core-shell nanoparticles of each composition were synthesized by various methods to have a core diameter of 15-20 nm and were coated with a silica shell at least 2-4 nm in thickness to create a common platform for surface functionalization. The contrast agents were imaged in a soft tissue equivalent phantom using source-side method for spectral CT imaging. The source-side approach utilized monochromatic synchrotron radiation at the Argonne National Laboratory which, while not clinically applicable, served as a gold standard due to providing the highest spectral resolution. The nanoparticles designed for this study have broad applications in biomedical imaging due to their modular assembly, potential for enabling multi-modal detection, and surface functionalization with biomolecules (e.g., antibodies, peptides or enzymes) for active targeting.

Evaluation of the imaging efficiency of gold nanoparticles and iodine encapsulated in polymer nanocapsules as X-ray contrast agents

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
BothainaA Kandil ◽  
ThanaaA Shalaby ◽  
NevanM Fekry ◽  
MoustafaM Mohamed ◽  
TarekY Aref ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
X Ray

AuNP-DG: Deoxyglucose-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles as X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents for Cancer Imaging

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Aydogan ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Tijana Rajh ◽  
Ahmed Chaudhary ◽  
Steven J. Chmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
Cancer Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Gold nanoparticles obtained by aqueous digestive ripening: Their application as X-ray contrast agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 439 ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Silvestri ◽  
Laura Polito ◽  
Giacomo Bellani ◽  
Vanessa Zambelli ◽  
Ravindra P. Jumde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Contrast Agents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Digestive Ripening

scholarly journals Hyaluronic Acid-Modified and Doxorubicin-Loaded Gold Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Bioactivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Lin-Song Li ◽  
Bin Ren ◽  
Xiaojing Yang ◽  
Zhong-Chao Cai ◽  
Xue-Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Hct 116 Cells ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been successfully used in many fields as a result of having low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, excellent optical properties, and their ability to target cancer cells. Here, we synthesized AuNP carriers that were modified by hyaluronic acid (HA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and adipic dihydrazide (ADH). The antitumor drug doxorubicin (Dox) was loaded into AuNP carriers and attached chemically. The Au nanocomposite AuNPs@MPA-PEG-HA-ADH-Dox was able to disperse uniformly in aqueous solution, with a diameter of 15 nm. The results of a 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay indicated that AuNP carriers displayed very little toxicity toward cells in high doses, although the antitumor properties of Au nanocomposites were significantly enhanced. Cellular uptake experiments demonstrated that AuNPs modified with hyaluronic acid were more readily ingested by HepG2 and HCT-116 cells, as they have a large number of CD44 receptors. A series of experiments measuring apoptosis such as Rh123 and annexin V-FITC staining, and analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) analysis, indicated that apoptosis played a role in the inhibition of cell proliferation by AuNPs@MPA-PEG-HA-ADH-Dox. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was the principal mechanism by which the Au nanocomposites inhibited cell proliferation, leading to apoptosis. Thus, the Au nanocomposites, which allowed cell imaging in real-time and induced apoptosis in specific cell types, represent theragnostic agents with potential for future clinical applications in bowel cancer.

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