Molecular Antimicrobial Resistance ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaein a Moroccan Area

Objectives. To identify the prevalence and the types ofNeisseria gonorrhoeae(NG) resistance plasmids-mediated penicillin (PPNG) and tetracycline (TRNG), the ciprofloxacin resistance (CRNG), and related risk factors of each types of resistance.Methods. The beta-lactamase-producing plasmid types (Africa, Asia, and Toronto),tetMtetracycline resistance plasmid types (America and Dutch), and the determination of the Ser-91 mutation of GyrA were detected by specifics PCRs on 149 diagnosed NG positives samples followed byHinf1digestion fortetMandgyrAmutation.Results. 135 (90.1%) samples showed a profile of molecular resistance to at least one antibiotic with predominance of ciprofloxacin resistance. In fact, 36 (24.2%) and 69 (46.3%) cases harbored PPNG and TRNG, respectively, and 116 (77.9%) cases showed the mutation Ser-91 of GyrA (CRNG). From a total of 36 PPNG isolates, the Toronto, Asian, and Toronto/Asian types were detected in 13 (36.1%), 10 (27.8%), and 13 (36.1%) cases, respectively, whereas the African type was not detected. In addition, the American type of TRNG was detected in 92.8% (64/69) of cases, while the Dutch type was detected in 7.2% (5/69) of cases. The association of demographics and clinical variables with NG resistance to ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and tetracycline was studied and the risk factors have been determined.Conclusion. Resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin among NG samples positives remained at high levels in Morocco as determined by molecular profile. So, the use of molecular tools for NG antimicrobial resistance detection can help in the management and spread limitation of this infection.

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Prevalence of Salmonella enterica in slaughtered pigs in Serbia: Serotyping, PFGE-genotyping and antimicrobial resistance

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.9311 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (08) ◽

pp. 640-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jasna Mirko Kureljusic ◽

Marko Predrag Dmitrić ◽

Dejan Svetislav Vidanović ◽

Vlado Božidar Teodorović ◽

Branislav Ilija Kureljušić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Control Points ◽

Culture Methods ◽

Pig Skin ◽

Critical Control Points ◽

Standard Culture ◽

The City ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Salmonella along the slaughter line and to identify possible critical control points in one slaughterhouse facility located in the city of Belgrade. Methodology: In total, 700 samples were tested: two swabs from both sides of carcass were taken from each of 100 pigs. In this way, 200 pig skin swab samples were taken after stunning, 200 after processing and 200 after chilling. Additional 100 samples of ileal contents were also taken from the same pigs to obtain a collection of 270 isolates. All samples were analyzed using standard culture methods and serotyping. PFGE was performed for 27 isolates. Determination of antimicrobial resistance was performed by E-test. Results: In total, 47 (23.5%) swab samples were positive for the presence of Salmonella after stunning. After processing, Salmonella was isolated in two swab samples (1%), whereas all samples which were collected after chilling were negative for Salmonella. The sampling of ileal contents was positive for five Salmonella isolates (5%). The most frequently isolated serotypes were S. Derby (90.74%), S. Infantis (5.56%) and S. Typhimurium (3.7%). All tested isolates were resistant to tetracycline. Resistance was recorded to nalidixic acid (23.3%), ciprofloxacin (20%), ampicillin (10%) and chloramphenicol (14.4%), as well. The PFGE results indicated that isolates had a high genetic similarity. Conclusions: The investigation has confirmed that bacteriological examinations of carcass swabs, as well as ileal content, could be used to assess the carriage of salmonellae in pigs at the time of slaughter.

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Clinical Risk Factors And Multi-Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern In Community-Acquired Outpatient Urinary Tract Isolates of Escherichia Coli

Internal Medicine Review ◽

10.18103/imr.v2i7.138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (7) ◽

Author(s):

M. Nadeem Ahmed ◽

Debby Vannoy ◽

Ann Frederick ◽

Xuan Bi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Font Size ◽

E Coli ◽

Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽

Urinary Isolates

Objective: To evaluate multi-antimicrobial resistance pattern of Escherichia coli (E. coli) urinary isolates and the risk factors associated with commonly prescribed antibiotics in emergency department and primary care clinics. Method This is a cross-sectional study of patients 18 to 65 years of age reported to have E. coli positive urinary tract infections (UTIs) whose medical and laboratory records were systematically reviewed. Results: Overall, 37.7% E. coli urinary isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 18.3% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and 7.8% to ciprofloxacin. About 21% isolates were resistant to two or more antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates from outpatient urine sample were frequently resistant to ampicillin (81.5%), and TMP/SMX (58.2%). The concurrent resistance rate of ciprofloxacin was about 8 times more frequent (24.8% vs. 3.1%) than nitrofurantoin among TMP/SMX-resistant E. coli urinary isolates. Patients with histories of genitourinary abnormalities were 1.59 times (CI 1.27-1.98) more likely have E. coli isolates resistant to TMP/SMX, and 2.35 times more likely (CI 1.79-3.09) to ciprofloxacin. Diabetic patients were at increased risk for resistance to TMP/SMX (OR 1.37,CI 1.14-1.65) and ciprofloxacin (OR 2.51,CI 2.00-3.16). Obesity is significantly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance (OR 1.68,CI 1.34-2.09). TMP/SMX and ciprofloxacin resistance rate increased gradually with the number of previous UTIs, hospitalizations, and antibiotic prescriptions. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates of E. coli from urine were frequently multi-drug resistant and TMP/SMX can induce ciprofloxacin resistant. In addition to demographic factors, history of genitourinary abnormalities, diabetes, obesity, number of hospitalizations, previous diagnosis of UTIs, antibiotic prescriptions in previous 6 months are risk factors for antimicrobial resistance.

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Risk factors in enterococci isolated from foods in Morocco: Determination of antimicrobial resistance and incidence of virulence traits

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2008.04.021 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 2648-2652 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Antonio Sánchez Valenzuela ◽

Nabil Ben Omar ◽

Hikmate Abriouel ◽

Rosario Lucas López ◽

Elena Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Traits

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Antimicrobial Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and High Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.38.2.521-525.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 521-525 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Masatoshi Tanaka ◽

Hiroshi Nakayama ◽

Masashi Haraoka ◽

Takeshi Saika ◽

Intetsu Kobayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Penicillin Resistance ◽

Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽

Amino Acid Substitutions ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Ciprofloxacin Resistance ◽

High Level

To assess the antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 1993 through 1998 in Japan, susceptibility testing was conducted on 502 isolates. Selected isolates were characterized by auxotype and analysis for mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) in the gyrAand parC genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance on the organism. Plasmid-mediated penicillin resistance (penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae) decreased significantly from 1993–1994 (7.9%) to 1997–1998 (2.0%). Chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance decreased from 1993–1994 (12.6%) to 1995–1996 (1.9%) and then increased in 1997–1998 (10.7%). Chromosomally mediated tetracycline resistance decreased from 1993–1994 (3.3%) to 1997–1998 (2.0%), and no plasmid-mediated high-level tetracycline resistance was found. Isolates with ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC ≥ 1 μg/ml) increased significantly from 1993–1994 (6.6%) to 1997–1998 (24.4%). The proline-requiring isolates were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin than the prototrophic or arginine-requiring isolates. Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates contained three or four amino acid substitutions within the QRDR in the GyrA and ParC proteins.

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Role of pulse oximetric monitoring during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Prospective multicenter study of the Gastroenterological Working Group of the Veszprém Regional Committee of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (VEAB)

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2013.29613 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 154 (21) ◽

pp. 825-833

Author(s):

Zoltán Döbrönte ◽

Mária Szenes ◽

Beáta Gasztonyi ◽

Lajos Csermely ◽

Márta Kovács ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Multicenter Study ◽

Hungarian Academy ◽

Prospective Multicenter Study ◽

Standard Requirement ◽

Long Duration ◽

Related Risk ◽

American Society ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Endoscopic Investigation

Introduction: Recent guidelines recommend routine pulse oximetric monitoring during endoscopy, however, this has not been the common practice yet in the majority of the local endoscopic units. Aims: To draw attention to the importance of the routine use of pulse oximetric recording during endoscopy. Method: A prospective multicenter study was performed with the participation of 11 gastrointestinal endoscopic units. Data of pulse oximetric monitoring of 1249 endoscopic investigations were evaluated, of which 1183 were carried out with and 66 without sedation. Results: Oxygen saturation less than 90% was observed in 239 cases corresponding to 19.1% of all cases. It occurred most often during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (31.2%) and proximal enteroscopy (20%). Procedure-related risk factors proved to be the long duration of the investigation, premedication with pethidine (31.3%), and combined sedoanalgesia with pethidine and midazolam (34.38%). The age over 60 years, obesity, consumption of hypnotics or sedatives, severe cardiopulmonary state, and risk factor scores III and IV of the American Society of Anestwere found as patient-related risk factors. Conclusion: To increase the safety of patients undergoing endoscopic investigation, pulse oximeter and oxygen supplementation should be the standard requirement in all of the endoscopic investigation rooms. Pulse oximetric monitoring is advised routinely during endoscopy with special regard to the risk factors of hypoxemia. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 825–833.

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