The impact of standard clinical risk factors on determination of optimal mammographic density cutpoints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sian Iles
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
The Impact

Clinical risk factors, phenomenology and the impact of clozapine induced obsessive compulsive symptoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 113665
Author(s):  
Gamze Gürcan ◽  
Şevin Hun Şenol ◽  
A. Elif Anıl Yağcıoğlu ◽  
Aygün Ertuğrul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
The Impact

Comparison of Data Collection for Healthcare-Associated Infection Surveillance in Nursing Homes

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1440-1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Epstein ◽  
Nimalie D. Stone ◽  
Lisa LaPlace ◽  
Jane Harper ◽  
Ruth Lynfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVETo facilitate surveillance and describe the burden of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in nursing homes (NHs), we compared the quality of resident-level data collected by NH personnel and external staff.DESIGNA 1-day point-prevalence surveySETTING AND PARTICIPANTSOverall, 9 nursing homes among 4 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infection Program (EIP) sites were included in this study.METHODSNH personnel collected data on resident characteristics, clinical risk factors for HAIs, and the presence of 3 HAI screening criteria on the day of the survey. Trained EIP surveillance officers collected the same data elements via retrospective medical chart review for comparison; surveillance officers also collected available data to identify HAIs (using revised McGeer definitions). Overall agreement was calculated among residents identified by both teams with selected risk factors and HAI screening criteria. The impact of using NH personnel to collect screening criteria on HAI prevalence was assessed.RESULTSThe overall prevalence of clinical risk factors among the 1,272 residents was similar between NH personnel and surveillance officers, but the level of positive agreement (residents with factors identified by both teams) varied between 39% and 87%. Surveillance officers identified 253 residents (20%) with ≥1 HAI screening criterion, resulting in 67 residents with an HAI (5.3 per 100 residents). The NH personnel identified 152 (12%) residents with ≥1 HAI screening criterion; 42 residents had an HAI (3.5 per 100 residents).CONCLUSIONWe identified discrepancies in resident-level data collection between surveillance officers and NH personnel, resulting in varied estimates of the HAI prevalence. These findings have important implications for the design and implementation of future HAI prevalence surveys.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1440–1445

scholarly journals A Droplet Digital PCR Assay for Smoking Predicts All-Cause Mortality

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan M. Andersen ◽  
Philip T. Ryan ◽  
Fredrick X. Gibbons ◽  
Ronald L. Simons ◽  
Jeffrey D. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Impact

Objectives.—Determine whether an epigenetic assay for smoking predicts all-cause mortality in adults participating in a longitudinal study of Iowa adoptees. Background.—Improved biomarkers for smoking are needed given its large public health impact and significant limitations of both self-report and current biomarkers, such as cotinine in detecting smoking. In the past 5 years, multiple epigenome-wide association studies of smoking have identified loci suitable for translation as epigenetic biomarkers for smoking, in particular the CpG cg05575921. Digital polymerase chain reaction methods hold promise for the development of this and other epigenetic biomarkers. Methods.—Participants in the Iowa Adoption Studies were interviewed regarding their smoking habits. DNA was prepared from whole blood and bisulfite-converted for methylation analysis and digital droplet polymerase chain reaction assay of methylation at cg05575921 was performed. National Death Index records were requested for 584 study participants, resulting in 24 complete matches, 210 partial matches and 350 non-matching records. Complete matches were coded as deceased while the remainder were coded as alive (ie, censored). In total, methylation data and vital status information were available for a total of N = 193 subjects, including 15 deceased and 178 non-deceased. Cox regression was used to examine the ability of cg05575921 methylation as a continuous value to predict the timing of mortality with and without the inclusion of age, sex, race, BMI, marital status, educational status, socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk factors, and a history of cancer as covariates. Results.—Methylation at cg05575921 predicted the hazard of mortality as the sole predictor and after accounting for major demographic and clinical risk factors. The fitted model showed the hazard ratio increased by 3.5% for every 1% decrease in methylation. Conclusions.—Decreased methylation at cg05575921, an emerging epigenetic biomarker for smoking, was associated with early mortality in a longitudinal study of adults after accounting for the impact of major demographic and clinical risk factors for all-cause mortality. This approach may be useful in clinical research or actuarial assessments.

scholarly journals Identifying neurodevelopmental anomalies of white matter microstructure associated with high risk for psychosis in 22q11.2DS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Bagautdinova ◽  
Maria C. Padula ◽  
Daniela Zöller ◽  
Corrado Sandini ◽  
Maude Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter Tracts ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
White Matter Development ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDisruptions of white matter microstructure have been widely reported in schizophrenia. However, the emergence of these alterations during preclinical stages remains poorly understood. 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) represents a unique model to study the interplay of different risk factors that may impact neurodevelopment in premorbid psychosis. To identify the impact of genetic predisposition for psychosis on white matter development, we acquired longitudinal MRI data in 201 individuals (22q11.2DS = 101; controls = 100) aged 5–35 years with 1–3 time points and reconstructed 18 white matter tracts using TRACULA. Mixed model regression was used to characterize developmental trajectories of four diffusion measures—fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD) in each tract. To disentangle the impact of additional environmental and developmental risk factors on white matter maturation, we used a multivariate approach (partial least squares (PLS) correlation) in a subset of 39 individuals with 22q11.2DS. Results revealed no divergent white matter developmental trajectories in patients with 22q11.2DS compared to controls. However, 22q11.2DS showed consistently increased FA and reduced AD, RD, and MD in most white matter tracts. PLS correlation further revealed a significant white matter-clinical risk factors relationship. These results indicate that while age-related changes are preserved in 22q11.2DS, white matter microstructure is widely disrupted, suggesting that genetic high risk for psychosis involves early occurring neurodevelopmental insults. In addition, multivariate modeling showed that clinical risk factors further impact white matter development. Together, these findings suggest that genetic, developmental, and environmental risk factors may play a cumulative role in altering normative white matter development during premorbid stages of psychosis.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Isolated Side Branch Coronary Artery Disease

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110280
Author(s):  
Sukru Arslan ◽  
Ahmet Yildiz ◽  
Okay Abaci ◽  
Urfan Jafarov ◽  
Servet Batit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Clinical Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Risk ◽  
Artery Disease

The data with respect to stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) are mainly confined to main vessel disease. However, there is a lack of information and long-term outcomes regarding isolated side branch disease. This study aimed to evaluate long-term major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) in patients with isolated side branch coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 437 patients with isolated side branch SCAD were included. After a median follow-up of 38 months, the overall MACCE and all-cause mortality rates were 14.6% and 5.9%, respectively. Among angiographic features, 68.2% of patients had diagonal artery and 82.2% had ostial lesions. In 28.8% of patients, the vessel diameter was ≥2.75 mm. According to the American College of Cardiology lesion classification, 84.2% of patients had either class B or C lesions. Age, ostial lesions, glycated hemoglobin A1c, and neutrophil levels were independent predictors of MACCE. On the other hand, side branch location, vessel diameter, and lesion complexity did not affect outcomes. Clinical risk factors seem to have a greater impact on MACCE rather than lesion morphology. Therefore, the treatment of clinical risk factors is of paramount importance in these patients.

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