scholarly journals Invasive Aspergillosis in a Patient with Stage III (or 3a or 3b) Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Durvalumab

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Gupta ◽  
Aung Tun ◽  
Katy Ticona ◽  
Aam Baqui ◽  
Elizabeth Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Durvalumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that blocks the checkpoint inhibitor, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), resulting in T-cell activation and an antitumor response. Durvalumab is approved for patients with unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which has not progressed following platinum-based chemoradiotherapy. A 63-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 15-day history of increasing shortness of breath. Several months previously, he had been diagnosed with a poorly differentiated stage IIIB NSCLC. He had completed six cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin and four cycles of immunotherapy with durvalumab 13 days before his emergency hospital admission. Computed tomography (CT) imaging showed a large left-sided loculated hydropneumothorax suggestive of empyema, patchy opacification of the left lung, and a left upper lobe lung mass. Histology of the cell block from the pleural fluid and decorticated lung tissue showed hyphae suggestive of invasive Aspergillus fumigatus. Treatment with voriconazole resulted in clinical improvement. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of pleural aspergillosis in a patient treated with durvalumab. However, the increasing use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in oncology requires increased awareness by clinicians of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) due to opportunistic infection.

scholarly journals Biomarkers for non-small cell lung cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
D. A. Kharagezov ◽  
Yu. N. Lazutin ◽  
E. Yu. Zlatnik ◽  
A. B. Sagakyants ◽  
E. A. Mirzoyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Small Cell Lung

The discovery of immune checkpoint inhibition has revolutionized the treatment of many solid malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can restore the antitumor immune response by blocking the inhibition of T-cell activation. Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is currently the main biomarker of the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 / PD-L1 blockade in the treatment of NSCLC without driver mutations. High tumor mutational burden suggests an increased neoantigens load and has been associated with the effectiveness of ICI therapy. Microsatellite instability, a biomarker approved for immunotherapy across solid tumors, but it is uncommon in NSCLC. Primary resistance to ICIsis characteristic of NSCLC with driver mutations, acquired is associated with immunoediting resulting in the depletion of potentially immunogenic neoantigens. The review discusses recent advances and future directions for predicting the results of immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC.

Immune checkpoint-inhibitors and chemoradiation in stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer

Lung Cancer ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Melosky ◽  
Rosalyn Juergens ◽  
Deanna McLeod ◽  
Natasha Leighl ◽  
Anthony Brade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Small Cell Lung

scholarly journals Achievement of Long-term Local Control After Concurrently With Radiation and Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy in Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
zhao jing ◽  
Rongjin Zhou ◽  
Huaxiang He ◽  
Shixiu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Nsclc Patients

Abstract Background: Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was recommend as standard of care in patients with stage III unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients refused or were not eligible for chemotherapy in clinical practice. These patients often receive RT alone with 5-year OS rate of about 5-6%. This addressed a common clinical challenge of treating these patients. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated objective antitumor responses in patients with advanced NSCLC, but it is unclear how these agents can be used in the curative therapy with concurrent radiation. Case presentation: Here we described, the case series, the effect of stage III unresectable NSCLC patients who refused chemotherapy received radiation and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Three patients with stage III unresectable NSCLC were treated with radiotherapy concurrently with anti-PD-1 agent (pembrolizumab) between May 2018 and August 2018 in our hospital. Two patients experienced partial response and one patient experienced stable disease. One patient developed the liver metastasis 4 months after the treatment. All patients had no local-regional recurrence. No patient experienced ≥ grade 3 adverse event (AE), and no patient discontinued treatment because of an AE. Conclusions: Concurrent treatment with radiation and pembrolizumab for unresectable stage III NSCLC patients who refused chemotherapy demonstrated its efficacy and acceptable tolerance. Further investigations are warranted to determine its role in the management of these patients.

Clinical value of measuring T-cell activation and proliferation using multiplexed quantitative fluorescence in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11610-11610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Alex Schalper ◽  
Nikita Mani ◽  
Maria Toki ◽  
Daniel E. Carvajal-Hausdorf ◽  
Roy S. Herbst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

scholarly journals CTLA-4 Expression and Polymorphisms in Lung Tissue of Patients with Diagnosed Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Antczak ◽  
Dorota Pastuszak-Lewandoska ◽  
Paweł Górski ◽  
Daria Domańska ◽  
Monika Migdalska-Sęk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that downregulates T-cell activation and thus influences the antitumor immune response. CTLA-4 polymorphisms are associated with various cancers, and CTLA-4 mRNA/protein increased expression is found in several tumor types. However, most of the studies are based on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and much less is known about the relationship between CTLA-4 expression, especially gene expression, and its polymorphic variants in cancer tissue. In our study we assessed the distribution of CTLA-4 two polymorphisms (+49A/G and −318C/T), using TaqMan probes (rs231775 and rs5742909, resp.), andCTLA-4gene expression in real-time PCR assay in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissue samples. The increasedCTLA-4expression was observed in the majority of NSCLC patients, and it was significantly correlated with TT genotype (−318C/T) and with tumor size (T2 versus T3 + T4). The presence of G allele and GG genotype in cancer tissue (+49A/G) was significantly associated with the increased NSCLC risk. Additionally, we compared genotype distributions in the corresponding tumor and blood samples and found statistically significant differences. The shift from one genotype in the blood to another in the tumor may confirm the complexity of gene functionality in cancer tissue.

scholarly journals Achievement of long-term local control after radiation and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232110473
Author(s):  
Zhao Jing ◽  
Rongjin Zhou ◽  
Ni Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Curative Therapy

Although concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is recommended as standard of care in patients with locally advanced, unresectable, stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), many patients who refuse or are not eligible for chemotherapy received radiotherapy (RT) alone with 5-year overall survival (OS) rate of about 5–6%. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated objective antitumor responses in patients with advanced NSCLC, but it is unclear how these agents can be used in the curative therapy with concurrent radiation. We report three cases of stage III unresectable NSCLC patients who refused chemotherapy received radiation and pembrolizumab immunotherapy. All patients had no local-regional recurrence with acceptable tolerance.

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