scholarly journals Exploring Chemical Basis of Toxicity Reduction for Processed Roots of Stellera chamaejasme L. Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography–Triple Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Xiaoli Ma ◽  
Ludi Wang ◽  
Mengmeng Wei ◽  
Shuyao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Chemical Basis ◽  
Toxicity Reduction ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Stellera Chamaejasme ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Multiple Ion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Information

Some herbal medicines are treated with various processing methods to ensure their safe and effective use. However, chemical basis of toxicity reducing for most herbal medicines remains unclear. Stellera chamaejasme L., particularly the root (ruixianglangdu), is toxic. Thus, ruixianglangdu is commonly processed with vinegar or milk to reduce toxicity. Here, with help of multiple-ion monitoring (MIM)-based metabolomics, we comprehensively capture chemical information of ruixianglangdu. Then, 33 differential components between crude drugs and processed products were identified or tentatively characterized by multiple-ion monitoring–information dependent acquiring–enhanced product ion (MIM-IDA-EPI), whose level changed after being processed by vinegar or milk. It was found that flavonoids especially biflavonones could be the important chemical basis of toxicity reduction for processed ruixianglangdu. In addition, some coumarins and lignanoids could also play a role in reducing toxicity. It is believed that MIM-based metabolomics method was valuable for exploring chemical basis of toxicity reduction for processing. The data is critical to further study the mechanism of toxicity reducing for processed ruixianglangdu.

scholarly journals Extraction Efficiency of Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) and Investigation of the Major Constituents in the Residual Crude Drugs

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Sumino ◽  
Yuko Saito ◽  
Fumio Ikegami ◽  
Yoshiro Hirasaki ◽  
Takao Namiki
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Kampo Medicine ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Effective Use

Shosaikoto (Xiaochaihu Tang) is one of the frequently used traditional herbal medicines (Kampo medicines, Japan). To realize the effective use of precious crude drugs, we investigated the major constituents in the residual crude drugs after decoction and aimed for extraction efficiency of shosaikoto with regard to the extract, tannin content, and major constituents. We found that the residual crude drugs had large amounts of compounds, especially saikosaponin b2, which had a 78.3% yield compared to that in the first decoction. The extraction efficiency increased when decoction time and volume of water increased. Both increases had an additive effect on the yield of the extract and saikosaponin b2in particular. We also found that the size of crude drug pieces that are available in Japanese markets is suitable for decoction because of quick permeation of water. From our study, the second decoction may be a valuable contribution to medical treatment and of effective use of crude drugs. Moreover, time and volume of water should be increased when patients have trouble in preparing a decoction. Our study revealing the factors that influence the extraction efficiency of shosaikoto will be the basis for empirical evidence about decocting Kampo medicine.

scholarly journals Efficient Preparation of Hangekobokuto (Banxia-Houpo-Tang) Decoction by Adding Perilla Herb before Decoction is Finished

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Sumino ◽  
Yuko Saito ◽  
Fumio Ikegami ◽  
Yoshiro Hirasaki ◽  
Takao Namiki
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Total Extract ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Traditional Japanese Medicine ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
Magnolia Bark ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Termination Time

Hangekobokuto (banxia-houpo-tang) is a Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine used mostly for anxiety disorder and consists of Pinellia Tuber, Poria Sclerotium, Magnolia Bark, Perilla Herb and Ginger. Perilla Herb contains an essential oil rich in perillaldehyde, which has a pleasant flavor, but this is easily lost due to heating. We therefore investigated how the major constituents of hangekobokuto, namely perillaldehyde, rosmarinic acid, magnolol and [6]-gingerol, varied with time during decoction and approached an optimal condition for decoction. Rosmarinic acid at 15 min after boiling, and magnolol and [6]-gingerol at 30 min were mostly extracted, while 0.09 mg of perillaldehyde remained at 15 min, but was not detected at 30 min. From these results, a decoction was prepared by adding Perilla Herb 1, 2, 5 and 10 min prior to the termination time of decoction at 30 min. When Perilla Herb was added 1 min beforehand, perillaldehyde was abundant (1.58 mg) and the amount of rosmarinic acid was already the same as that in the conventional decoction at 30 min, but the amount of total extract was inadequate. When Perilla Herb was added 5 min beforehand, perillaldehyde remained to some extent (0.61 mg) and rosmarinic acid was significantly increased compared with that in the conventional decoction at 30 min. From these results, we can conclude that the decoction should be prepared by boiling for not more than 30 min and, if possible, Perilla Herb should be added 5 min prior to the termination time. Considering the antidepressant-like activity of perillaldehyde and rosmarinic acid, the suggested method will not only achieve better treatment for anxiety, but also provide an effective use of crude drugs in the resource-limited environment.

scholarly journals Utilization of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Seed’s Flour in Food Processing: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Bonany Akter ◽  
M Amdadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Foaming Capacity ◽  
Alternate Source ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Food Value

Although jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) seeds have significant food value, these are underutilized by both human and animals due to lack of information about nutrient contents and its effective use in food formulations. This review article aimed to highlight the information regarding physicochemical properties, nutrient contents and prospective use of jackfruit seeds flour in food formulations. Various research results on preparation of food products like bread, cake and noodles by supplementing jackfruit seeds flour are reported herein. Seeds flour contains high amount of starch, protein, fiber, ash and essential minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and iron. Functional properties – water/oil absorption capacity, solubility, swelling power, bulk density, gelatinization, foaming capacity, emulsification- of seeds flour are summarized. Facts from nutritional, functional and sensory assessments suggest that jackfruit seeds flour can be used in various processed products. It can also be used as an alternate source for starch. The Agriculturists 2018; 16(2) 131-142  

Catalytic ozonation of an organophosphorus pesticide using microporous silicate and its effect on total toxicity reduction

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.-S. Kim ◽  
H. Fujita ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
A. Sakoda ◽  
M. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Catalytic Ozonation ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Toxicity Reduction ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Effective Use

Catalytic ozonation is promising as one of the advanced oxidation processes because of its effective use of ozone and its improved treatability of organic compounds through radical reactions. In this article, we investigated the feasibility of microporous silicates as a potential catalyst for a catalytic ozonation process. Organophosphorus insecticide, dichlorvos (DDVP), was employed as a model chemical for assessing conventional ozonation and catalytic ozonation, because its oxidative intermediate is toxic and is not degraded by direct ozonation. It was found that ozone was well adsorbed and simultaneously decomposed in microporous silicates, resulting in the production of possible radical species. In the presence of microporous silicates, radical reactions by decomposed ozone were evidenced by phosphate ion release that shows a degradation of a toxic intermediate of DDVP. Accordingly, cytotoxicity was successfully decreased. In a continuous treatment process combining a conventional ozonation vessel and a microporous silicate column for an effective use of residual ozone, enhanced degradation of DDVP was demonstrated by a decrease of DOC, an increase of the PO43- concentration and reduction in the cytotoxicity. This new treatment mechanism is likely to be promising as an advanced water treatment process particularly when we think about better toxicity reduction of wastewaters.

Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis to 10 Kampo Formulations

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Higaki ◽  
S Mommatsu ◽  
M Morohashi ◽  
T Yamagishi ◽  
Y Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Crude Drugs ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

We examined the in vitro sensitivities of three bacteria: Propionibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, commonly detected in acne lesions, and Staphylococcus aureus, a common cause of skin infections, to 10 Kampo formulations (Chinese herbal medicines; combinations of powdered extracts of crude drugs). Both Staphylococcus species showed similar sensitivities to all 10 formulations, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 25 to 400 mg/ml. P. acnes, however, was particularly sensitive to one formulation, keigai-rengyo-to (MIC, 0.78 – 25 mg/ml), prompting speculation that it might contain components with strong antibacterial activity to P. acnes. P. acnes showed similar sensitivities to all the other formulations (MIC 6.25 – 200 mg/ml). The ranges of MICs and the MIC50s (concentrations that inhibit 50% of isolates) were very similar to those previously recorded in 1990 for the two Staphylococcus species.

scholarly journals Kampo (Traditional Japanese Herbal) Formulae for Treatment of Stomatitis and Oral Mucositis

Medicines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Sunagawa ◽  
Kojiro Yamaguchi ◽  
Mana Tsukada ◽  
Nachi Ebihara ◽  
Hideshi Ikemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Mucositis ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Herbal Formulae ◽  
Crude Drugs

Stomatitis is occasionally multiple, recurrent, and refractory. Currently, mucositis induced by chemotherapy and radiation therapy in patients with cancer has become a significant clinical problem. Effective treatments have not been established and the treatment of numerous cases remains a challenge for physicians. Traditional Japanese herbal medicines termed Kampo formulae (i.e., Hangeshashinto, Orengedokuto, Inchinkoto, Orento, Byakkokaninjinto, Juzentaihoto, Hochuekkito, and Shosaikoto) are used for treating various types of stomatitis and mucositis. Its use has been based on the Kampo medical theories—empirical rules established over thousands of years. However, recently, clinical and basic research studies investigating these formulae have been conducted to obtain scientific evidence. Clinical studies investigating efficacies of Shosaikoto and Orento for the treatment of cryptogenic stomatitis and acute aphthous stomatitis and those investigating the effects of Hangeshashinto, Orengedokuto, and Juzentaihoto on chemotherapy- or radiotherapy-induced mucositis have been conducted. The Kampo formulae comprise several crude drugs, whose mechanisms of action are gradually being clarified. Most of these drugs that are used for the treatment of stomatitis possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidative properties. In this review, we introduce the clinical applications and summarize the available evidence on the Kampo formulae for the treatment of stomatitis and oral mucositis.

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