scholarly journals Immunological Pathways Triggered byPorphyromonas gingivalisandFusobacterium nucleatum: Therapeutic Possibilities?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kívia Queiroz de Andrade ◽  
Cássio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva ◽  
Robson Coutinho-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Survival Studies

Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) andFusobacterium nucleatum(F. nucleatum) are Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria possessing several virulence factors that make them potential pathogens associated with periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, including gingivitis and periodontitis. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss and is considered one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide.P. gingivalisandF. nucleatumpossess virulence factors that allow them to survive in hostile environments by selectively modulating the host’s immune-inflammatory response, thereby creating major challenges to host cell survival. Studies have demonstrated that bacterial infection and the host immune responses are involved in the induction of periodontitis. The NLRP3 inflammasome and its effector molecules (IL-1βand caspase-1) play roles in the development of periodontitis. We and others have reported that the purinergic P2X7 receptor plays a role in the modulation of periodontal disease and intracellular pathogen control. Caspase-4/5 (in humans) and caspase-11 (in mice) are important effectors for combating bacterial pathogens via mediation of cell death and IL-1βrelease. The exact molecular events of the host’s response to these bacteria are not fully understood. Here, we review innate and adaptive immune responses induced byP. gingivalisandF. nucleatuminfections and discuss the possibility of manipulations of the immune response as therapeutic strategies. Given the global burden of periodontitis, it is important to develop therapeutic targets for the prophylaxis of periodontopathogen infections.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL FLORA IMBALANCE IN GINGIVAL BIOFILM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
G. A. Loban ◽  
T. O. Petrushanko ◽  
V. V. Chereda ◽  
M. O. Faustova ◽  
M. M. Ananieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

Background. Periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases are widespread among young people. Objective. This study was aimed at elaborating the method to assess risks of periodontal inflammatory diseases and determining its efficacy depending on the state of dental tissues, gum tissues and sex.          Methods. The study included 182 students (93 men, 89 women) aged 19-29: 22 individuals had no lesions of hard dental tissues and no signs of periodontal disease; 51 individuals were found to have DMF index <6; 52 individuals – DMF index ≥6; 57 individuals were diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Primary groups were formed in autumn; re-examination was carried in spring. The research participants were assessed for detection of risks of periodontal inflammatory disease by the method developes by the authors (Patent UA 54041). Results. The study revealed that the risk of development of preiodontitis increases in individuals with high caries and gingivitis intensity. In spring, more individuals suffer from microbial imbalance in in the composition of gingival sulcus fluid and decrease in the mean stability coefficient value that indicates an increased risk of inflammatory periodontal disease development. Women were less likely to experience seasonal dysbiotic changes in the gingival sulcus fluid composition compared with men. Conclusions. The method suggested for assessment of the risk of periodontal inflammatory diseases is of high informativeness. It allows clinicians detecting early pre-nosological signs of oral microbiocenosis imbalance that enhances the effectiveness of early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals The Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Chen ◽  
Ye Zhao ◽  
Qiao Cheng ◽  
Depei Wu ◽  
Haiyan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Host Disease ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Graft

The mammalian intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem that plays an important role in host immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that alterations in intestinal microbiota composition are linked to multiple inflammatory diseases in humans, including acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). aGVHD is one of the major obstacles in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), characterized by tissue damage in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, lung, and skin. Here, we review the current understanding of the role of intestinal microbiota in the control of immune responses during aGVHD. Additionally, the possibility of using probiotic strains for potential treatment or prevention of aGVHD will be discussed.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF THE EATIOLOGY OF PARODONTUS DISEASES. (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
N.N. Saveleva ◽  
I.I. Sokolova ◽  
S.I. German ◽  
T.V. Tomilina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

The review of the scientific literature is devoted to the topical issues of studying the etiology of periodontal diseases, which are one of the most common and complex pathologies of the maxillofacial region. Analysis of recent studies proves a stable relationship between the development of periodontal diseases and disorders in the immune system, the neurohumoral system, metabolic disorders, genetic predisposition, and so on. The article presents the data obtained in the course of studying the literature on the role of disorders in the functioning of individual organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, heart, and urinary system) in the development of chronic periodontal diseases. The article notes that the anatomical and physiological proximity of the periodontal and digestive tract tissues, the generality of innervation and humoral regulation create prerequisites for the involvement of periodontal disease in the pathological process in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the main etiological factors in the development of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and periodontium is Helicobacter pylori, which is found in the loci of the oral cavity: in the oral and gingival fluid, on the mucous membrane of the tongue and cheeks, and in the periodontal pockets. It is pointed out that the liver also occupies a special place in the development of periodontal diseases, which is explained by the performance of its significant functions for the human body: regulatory, metabolic, antitoxic and other. There is evidence that the pathology of periodontal disease plays a leading role in the structure of dental diseases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of generalized periodontitis of the І-ІІ degrees of development and its complications - partial or complete secondary adentia, and with tooth preservation - defects in dental series and violations of occlusion, function, aesthetics. Scientists suggest a general biological mechanism for the development of generalized periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, linking the development of periodontal diseases in patients with cardiovascular pathology with microcirculatory disorders. The dependence of the severity of inflammatory changes in the periodontal tissues on the disturbances of salt metabolism in urolithiasis is proved. The data obtained indicate that diseases of the internal organs contribute to the structural damage of periodontal tissues and they are a risk factor for periodontal diseases, which necessitate the presence of not only theoretical knowledge and practical skills in dentistry, but also their awareness of the features and clinical manifestations of somatic pathology. An urgent and justified step in the treatment of periodontal diseases is also the involvement in the process of rendering complex dental care to internist doctors capable of quickly and qualitatively assessment the condition of the internal organs and the basic systems of the patient's body.

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases: A two way relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Gowhar Nazir ◽  
◽  
Josee Amin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Systemic Effect ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Global Health Care

Diabetes mellitus and periodontits are both highly prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases. Both diseases share the same risk factors and are a significant global health care burden adversely affecting the quality of life. Evidence from various studies have demonstrated that diabetes is a major risk factor for periodontal disease and is associated with increased incidence, prevalence and severity of periodontal disease. Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus results in an increased host immunoinflammatory response which adversely affects the periodontal health. Conversely, periodontits is associated with poor metabolic control in patients with diabetes and increased development of diabetic complications suggesting a bidirectional relationship between the two diseases. Periodontal infection via bacteremia exerts a wide systemic effect by contributing to chronic systemic inflammatory burden worsening diabetic state by increasing insulin resistance. Moreover, studies have demonstrated an improvement in glycemic control following periodontal therapy in prediabetic and diabetic patients with periodontitis.

scholarly journals MICRO BIOLOGY OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE- A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jageer Chinna ◽  
Jannat Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Campylobacter Rectus ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory and destructive diseases of the dentogingival complex associated with specific periodontal pathogens inhabiting periodontal pockets. Periodontal diseases lead to damage of the periodontal tissues supporting the teeth (bone and connective tissue) and affect the quality of life of the affected individuals: poor alimentation, tooth loss, social and financial problems. Although it is generally considered that the disease has multifactorial etiology, data show that some specific Gram-negative microorganisms in the subgingival plaque biofilm play a major role in the initiation and progression of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Tannerella forsythia form a consortium in the subgingival biofilm and are regarded as the principal periodontopathogenic bacteria. Other microorganisms that have been implicated as predominant species in the disease process are: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, Peptostreptococcus migros, Eikenella corrodens. In periodontitis, the initiation of the disease is the colonization of the tissues by these pathogenic species. The next step is bacterial invasion or invasion by pathogenic products into the periodontal tissues, interactions of bacteria or their substances with host cells, and this directly/indirectly causes degradation of the periodontium, resulting in tissue destruction. Keywords: periodontal disease, periodontal pathogens, microbiology.

scholarly journals Citrobacter amalonaticus Inhibits the Growth of Citrobacter rodentium in the Gut Lumen

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mullineaux-Sanders ◽  
Danielle Carson ◽  
Eve G. D. Hopkins ◽  
Izabela Glegola-Madejska ◽  
Alejandra Escobar-Zepeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Citrobacter Rodentium ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Citrobacter Amalonaticus

Gut bacterial infections involve three-way interactions between virulence factors, the host immune responses, and the microbiome. While the microbiome erects colonization resistance barriers, pathogens employ virulence factors to overcome them.

scholarly journals A Porphyromonas gingivalis Capsule-Conjugate Vaccine Protects From Experimental Oral Bone Loss

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda G. Rocha ◽  
Aym Berges ◽  
Angie Sedra ◽  
Shirin Ghods ◽  
Neeraj Kapoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Preclinical Model

Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory diseases of the periodontium that result in progressive destruction of the soft and hard tissues supporting the teeth, and it is the most common cause of tooth loss among adults. In the US alone, over 100 million individuals are estimated to have periodontal disease. Subgingival bacteria initiate and sustain inflammation, and, although several bacteria have been associated with periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis has emerged as the key etiological organism significantly contributing to the disease. Currently, intensive clinical maintenance strategies are deployed to mitigate the further progression of disease in afflicted individuals; however, these treatments often fail to stop disease progression, and, as such, the development of an effective vaccine for periodontal disease is highly desirable. We generated a conjugate vaccine, comprising of the purified capsular polysaccharide of P. gingivalis conjugated to eCRM®, a proprietary and enhanced version of the CRM197 carrier protein with predetermined conjugation sites (Pg-CV). Mice immunized with alum adjuvanted Pg-CV developed robust serum levels of whole organism-specific IgG in comparison to animals immunized with unconjugated capsular polysaccharide alone. Using the murine oral bone loss model, we observed that mice immunized with the capsule-conjugate vaccine were significantly protected from the effects of P. gingivalis-elicited oral bone loss. Employing a preclinical model of infection-elicited oral bone loss, our data support that a conjugate vaccine incorporating capsular polysaccharide antigen is effective in reducing the main clinical endpoint of periodontal disease—oral bone destruction. Further development of a P. gingivalis capsule-based conjugate vaccine for preventing periodontal diseases is supported.

scholarly journals Exaggerated in vivo IL-17 responses discriminate recall responses in active TB

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Pollara ◽  
Carolin T Turner ◽  
Gillian S Tomlinson ◽  
Lucy CK Bell ◽  
Ayesha Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽  
First Time

AbstractHost immune responses at the site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection serve to contain the pathogen, but also mediate the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB) and onward transmission of infection. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) responses do not discriminate between protection and pathogenicity, but IL-17A/F responses, known to drive pathology in diverse chronic inflammatory diseases, have also been associated with TB pathogenesis in animal models. At the site of in vivo immune recall responses to Mtb modelled by the tuberculin skin test, we show for the first time that active TB in humans is also associated with exaggerated IL-17A/F expression, accumulation of Th17 cells and IL-17A/F bioactivity, including increased neutrophil recruitment and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression directly implicated in TB pathogenesis. These features discriminate recall responses in patients with active TB from those with cured or latent infection and are also evident at the site of TB disease. Our data support targeting of this pathway in host-directed therapy for TB.

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