scholarly journals Geothermometry and Circulation Behavior of the Hot Springs in Yunlong County of Yunnan in Southwest China

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiaocui Wang ◽  
Xun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Southwest China ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Geothermal Reservoir ◽  
Spring Discharge ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Thermal Groundwater ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Travertine and nontravertine thermal springs have been studied in Yunlong County in southwest China to determine the geothermal reservoir temperatures and to find the geochemical processes that affect the evolution of thermal groundwater constituents during subsurface circulation. Hydrochemical characteristics distinguish travertine from nontravertine types. Travertine springs show HCO3·Cl-Na and SO4·HCO3-Ca·Na type, and a nontravertine spring presents Cl·HCO3·SO4-Na type. Log(Q/K) versus T diagrams show that reservoir temperatures can be expressed as intervals based on the equilibrium mineral assemblages coexisting in equilibrium and multiminerals in equilibrium with the aid of the PHREEQC and WATCH programs. The spring water mixing ratio with shallow water is between 59% and 82% with steam loss ranging from 12.1% to 27.8%. The Dalang Spring mixes with the highest proportion of cold water (76% to 82%) among the four hot springs and has the highest geothermal reservoir temperature (132°C to 176.9°C). The water-rock interaction during recharge from precipitation demonstrates that the minerals halite, kaolinite, chalcedony, plagioclase, and CO2(g) play an important part in the evolution of the thermal groundwater. Four inverse modeling simulation paths between precipitation and spring discharge were established to calculate the mass flux of minerals by the PHREEQC program. Halite, kaolinite, chalcedony, plagioclase, and CO2(g) participate in dissolution reactions in the thermal groundwater circulation, while gypsum, calcite, dolomite, biotite, and fluorite keep the geochemical processes in equilibrium.

scholarly journals The Yellowstone magmatic-hydrothermal system: using radiogenic and stable isotope geochemistry to constrain the processes of water-rock interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Cole Messa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal System ◽  
Yellowstone National Park ◽  
National Park ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The hot springs of Yellowstone National Park provide a broad range of isotopic data (e.g. 238U-, 235U-, and 232Th-series) that can be exploited to interpret the geochemical processes occurring at depth, including water-rock interaction, nuclide sourcing, and fluid residence times. Despite its worldwide notoriety, Yellowstone’s hydrothermal system remains largely unconstrained. While major advances in the past century have helped us to understand the highly varied geochemical characteristics of Yellowstone’s thermal features and their potential mechanisms of formation, many questions remain regarding where exactly the water resides before ascending to the surface, how long the water remains at depth, and what geochemical processes are occurring between these waters and the superheated aquifer rocks. One of the primary questions surrounding the Yellowstone hydrothermal system revolves around the concept of “phase separation”, whereby ascending, pressurized hydrothermal fluids undergo decompressional boiling and separate into an acidic vapor phase and a neutral fluid phase. These diverging phases result in the two dominant spring chemistries viewed on the surface, acid-sulfate springs and neutral-chloride springs. Still, little is known about the timescales such a process operates on, and what geochemical parameters can be constrained to support the existence of this model. Herein we examine a handful of hydrothermal features throughout Yellowstone National Park in an effort to investigate the likelihood of phase separation’s existence and whether or not the isotopic evidence supports the geochemical processes that we know to be occurring should this model persist within the plumbing of a continental hydrothermal system.   Featured photo from figure 3 in report. 

scholarly journals Sources of Salinization of Groundwater in the Lower Yarmouk Gorge, East of the River Jordan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Peter Möller ◽  
Marco De Lucia ◽  
Eliahu Rosenthal ◽  
Nimrod Inbar ◽  
Elias Salameh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Type ◽  
Basaltic Rock ◽  
Geochemical Evolution ◽  
Field Region ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Thermal Groundwater ◽  
Central Segment ◽  
Well Field ◽  
Total Salinity ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

In the Lower Yarmouk Gorge the chemical composition of regional, fresh to brackish, mostly thermal groundwater reveals a zonation in respect to salinization and geochemical evolution, which is seemingly controlled by the Lower Yarmouk fault (LYF) but does not strictly follow the morphological Yarmouk Gorge. South of LYF, the artesian Mukeihbeh well field region produces in its central segment groundwaters, an almost pure basaltic-rock type with a low contribution (<0.3 vol-%) of Tertiary brine, hosted in deep Cretaceous and Jurassic formations. Further distal, the contribution of limestone water increases, originating from the Ajloun Mountains in the South. North of the LYF, the Mezar wells, the springs of Hammat Gader and Ain Himma produce dominantly limestone water, which contains 0.14–3 vol-% of the Tertiary brine, and hence possesses variable salinity. The total dissolved equivalents, TDE, of solutes gained by water/rock interaction (WRI) and mixing with brine, TDEWRI+brine, amount to 10–70% of total salinity in the region comprising the Mukheibeh field, Ain Himma and Mezar 3 well; 55–70% in the springs of Hammat Gader; and 80–90% in wells Mezar 1 and 2. The type of salinization indicates that the Lower Yarmouk fault seemingly acts as the divide between the Ajloun and the Golan Heights-dominated groundwaters.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Zoning and Chemical Evolution of the Deep Upper Jurassic Thermal Groundwater Reservoir Using Water Chemical and Environmental Isotope Data

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Florian Heine ◽  
Kai Zosseder ◽  
Florian Einsiedl
Keyword(s):  
Upper Jurassic ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Molasse Basin ◽  
The South ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Environmental Isotope ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Thermal Groundwater ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

A comprehensive hydrogeological understanding of the deep Upper Jurassic carbonate aquifer, which represents an important geothermal reservoir in the South German Molasse Basin (SGMB), is crucial for improved and sustainable groundwater resource management. Water chemical data and environmental isotope analyses of D, 18O and 87Sr/86Sr were obtained from groundwater of 24 deep Upper Jurassic geothermal wells and coupled with a few analyses of noble gases (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar) and noble gas infiltration temperatures. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed three major water types and allowed a hydrochemical zoning of the SGMB, while exploratory factor analyses identified the hydrogeological processes affecting the water chemical composition of the thermal water. Water types 1 and 2 are of Na-[Ca]-HCO3-Cl type, lowly mineralised and have been recharged under meteoric cold climate conditions. Both water types show 87Sr/86Sr signatures, stable water isotopes values and calculated apparent mean residence times, which suggest minor water-rock interaction within a hydraulically active flow system of the Northeastern and Southeastern Central Molasse Basin. This thermal groundwater have been most likely subglacially recharged in the south of the SGMB in close proximity to the Bavarian Alps with a delineated northwards flow direction. Highly mineralised groundwater of water type 3 (Na-Cl-HCO3 and Na-Cl) occurs in the Eastern Central Molasse Basin. In contrast to water types 1 and 2, this water type shows substantial water-rock interaction with terrestrial sediments and increasing 40Ar/36Ar ratios, which may also imply a hydraulic exchange with fossil formation waters of overlying Tertiary sediments.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal alteration of sediments in the high-temperature reaction zone at Central Hill of Escanaba Trough, Gorda Ridge

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 08003
Author(s):  
Konstantin Galin ◽  
Alexandra Khakhina ◽  
Victor Kurnosov ◽  
Yurii Konovalov
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
High Temperature Reaction ◽  
Gorda Ridge ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

In sediments from Holes ODP 1038A and 1038H, drilled near the hot springs at Central Hill, Escanaba Trough (Gorda Ridge), redistribution of major elements occurs during the water-rock interaction. Contents of Si, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na and K have changed in altered sediments. In this process, an increase/decrease in contents of major elements in altered sediments shows a decrease/increase in their contents in fluids. The irregular distribution of major elements in altered sediments resembles a layer pie, which reflects the existence of lateral flows of hydrothermal fluids.

scholarly journals Noble gas geochemistry and chronology of groundwater in an active rift basin in central China

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghe Pang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Jiao Tian
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Central China ◽  
Rift Basin ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Circulation Dynamics ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Stable noble gas isotopes are excellent groundwater tracers. Radioactive noble gases are emerging new tools in the study of groundwater circulation dynamics. Among these, the 85Kr and 81Kr, and 39Ar have advanced very fast in recent years and exhibit strong potential in the reconstruction of the history of groundwater recharge and evolution in sedimentary basins at different scales. Here, we report the findings in groundwater circulation dynamics as relative to intensive water-rock interactions, heat transfer and He gas flux in Guanzhong Basin located in Xi’an, the geographical centre of China, which is a rift basin created by collision between the Eurasia and Indian plates, with active neotectonic activities. The recent technological breakthrough in noble gas isotope measurements, i.e. the atomic trap trace analysis (ATTA) techniques on Kr and Ar gas radionuclei, has revolutionized groundwater dating. Noble gas samples from shallow and deep wells to 3000 m depth have been collected to study isotope variations to reconstruct the history of groundwater recharge and understand the water-rock interaction processes. Stable isotopes of water show strong water-rock interaction in the formation, creating a strong positive O-isotope shift up to 10 ‰, a phenomenon that is rarely seen in a fairly low temperature environment. Analysis of 85Kr and 81Kr show groundwater ages up to 1.3 million years old along both North-South and a West-East cross sections, which offers strong evidence about the slow moving flow, strong water-rock interaction, rich geothermal resources as well as He gas resources.

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