Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of B-Cell-Produced Antibodies in Vitreous Humor of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy

Aim. To analyze the levels of B-cell-produced antibodies in the vitreous humor of patients with or without diabetic retinopathy (DR) both qualitatively and quantitatively. Methods. A total of 52 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with DR patients and 52 control subjects without diabetes mellitus or inflammatory diseases were included in this prospective study. The levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgM, and IgG subtypes were measured using a magnetic color-bead-based multiplex assay. Results. The concentrations of IgA, IgM, and total antibodies in the DR group were significantly higher than those in the control group (all p<0.001), but there was no significant difference in the 4 IgG subtypes between the two groups after Bonferroni correction. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed low negative correlations between levels of antibodies (IgA, IgM) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, r=−0.443, r=−0.377, respectively, both p<0.05). Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis yielded three equations to predict the concentrations of IgA, IgM, and total antibodies in the vitreous humor according to eGFR and other clinical variables (r=0.542, r=0.461, and r=0.312, respectively, all p<0.05). Conclusion. Increased levels of IgA, IgM, and total antibodies produced by B cells were observed in the vitreous humor of T2DM patients with DR. There were low negative correlations between levels of antibodies (IgA, IgM) and eGFR.

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Correlation of salivary neopterin and plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with chronic periodontitis and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus

Pteridines ◽

10.1515/pterid-2017-0007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 28 (3-4) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angel Fenol ◽

V.R. Swetha ◽

Sajitha Krishnan ◽

Jayachandran Perayil ◽

Rajesh Vyloppillil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Study Groups ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Whole Saliva ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractNeopterin is a novel predictor for coronary events especially in diabetic patients and also an indicator for the effectiveness of the periodontal treatment. In this study, we assessed whether salivary neopterin can be used as a potential biomarker in evaluating the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis. Forty subjects between 25 and 75 years of age and who matched the criteria were selected and divided into four groups. Their periodontal status was evaluated. Stimulated whole saliva and blood were collected for analysis of salivary neopterin and fibrinogen and HbA1c levels, respectively. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy was carried out. Patients were recalled after 3 months, and the same procedure was repeated. A reduction in all the parameters was seen after treatment in all the four groups. Salivary neopterin levels showed significant difference (p<0.001) in the values between the study groups and the control group before treatment. After 3 months of treatment, salivary neopterin levels showed a statistical significant reduction (p<0.001) in all the study groups. Neopterin could serve as an effective tool to assess the inflammatory process related to periodontitis and diabetes mellitus and also predict future cardiovascular events in diabetic patients.

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The Significance of Urinary Markers in the Evaluation of Diabetic Nephropathy

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/v10011-008-0019-y ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 376-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Tatjana Cvetković ◽

Predrag Vlahović ◽

Vidosava đorđević ◽

Lilika Zvezdanović ◽

Dušica Pavlović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Urine Concentration ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Urinary Markers ◽

Stress Markers

The Significance of Urinary Markers in the Evaluation of Diabetic Nephropathy Oxidative stress is considered to be a unifying link between diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications, including nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to determine the parameters of oxidative injury of lipids and proteins as well as the activity of ectoenzymes in the urine of DN patients. The study included 40 individuals: 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria (DMT2-MIA), 10 type 2 diabetic patients with macroalbuminuria (DMT2-MAA), 10 patients with type 1 diabetes and microalbuminuria (DMT1-MIA) and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control). In the urine we determined TBA reactive substances (TBARS), reactive carbonyl groups (RCG), and the activity of ectoenzymes N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), plasma cell differentiation antigen (PC-1), aminopeptidase N (APN) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV). A higher concentration of TBARS in the urine was found in DMT2-MIA and DMT1-MIA, compared to the control group (p<0.001 and P<0.05). The urine concentration of RCD shows similar results with a significant elevation in the groups with DMT2-MAA and DMT1-MIA, compared to the DMT2-MIA (p<0.001) and control group (p<0.001). Activities of NAG, APN and DPPIV were significantly higher in the urine of DMT2-MAA, compared to the control (p<0.01). The activity of PC-1 was slightly increased in that group, but not significantly. In conclusion, the level of oxidative stress markers and activities of brush border ectoenzymes in the urine may be a useful non-invasive and easily repeatable test in DN.

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Serum Selenium Status in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Control Group

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n5p234 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 234

Author(s):

Zahra Heidari ◽

Zahra Sepehri ◽

Aleme Doostdar

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Serum Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Diabetes Incidence ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

<p>In addition to known risk factors, the role of different micronutrients such as selenium in diabetes incidence has been proposed. Some previous studies have shown an association of selenium deficiency and type 2 diabetes mellitus, while other studies have not confirmed such a relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum level of selenium in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with the control group. This cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with type 2 diabetes in Zahedan, southeastern Iran. One hundred newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were evaluated for serum selenium level. One hundred subjects from the general population who had normal fasting blood sugar levels were selected as the control group. The control group subjects were matched in pairs with each of patients on the basis of sex, age (± one year), and body mass index (±1). Serum level of selenium was determined by spectrometry method. Results were compared using t-test. The mean serum level of selenium in patients was 94.47±18.07 µg/L whereas in control group was 142.79±23.67 µg/L. The mean serum level of selenium was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). Serum levels of selenium in diabetic patients with significant difference statistically were lower than the control group. In order to evaluate serum level of selenium in patients with diabetes, studies with larger sample size are required. Likewise, prospective studies along with selenium supplementation and investigating its effect on incidence of diabetes are accordingly needed.</p>

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Relationship between homocysteine and non-dipper pattern in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-27302012000500002 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 285-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Serdal Korkmaz ◽

Abdulkerim Yilmaz ◽

Gürsel Yildiz ◽

Fatih Kiliçli ◽

Serhat Içağasioğlu

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Nocturnal Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: The rate of reduction of nocturnal blood pressure (NBP) is lesser than normal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) disrupts vascular structure and function, no matter the underlying causes. The risk of development of vascular disease is greater in diabetic patients with hyperhomocysteinemia than in patients with normal homocystein levels. The aim of the study was to investigate whether there are differences of homocystein levels in dipper and non-dippers patients with type 2 DM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We compared 50 patients (33 females, 17 males) with type 2 DM and 35 healthy individuals (18 females, 17 males ) in a control group. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed and homocysteine levels were measured in all patients. RESULTS: We found that the percentage of non-dipper pattern was 72% in patients with type 2 DM and 57% in control group. In diabetic and control individuals, homocystein levels were higher in non-dipper (respectively 13.4 ± 8.1 µmol/L and 11.8 ± 5 µmol/L) than in dipper subjects (respectively, 11.8 ± 5.8 µmol/L and 10.1 ± 4.2 µmol/L), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (respectively, p = 0.545, p = 0.294). CONCLUSION: In both groups, homocystein levels were higher in non-dipper than in dipper participants, but there was no significant difference between the groups. High homocystein levels and the non-dipper pattern increases cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the relationship between nocturnal blood pressure changes and homocystein levels should be investigated in a larger study.

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Quality of Life in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis ◽

10.2478/afmnai-2014-0024 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ana Spasić ◽

Radmila Veličković Radovanović ◽

Aleksandra Catić Đorđević ◽

Nikola Stefanović ◽

Tatjana Cvetković

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Short Form ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Summary The presence of diabetes mellitus leads to a decrease in life quality in all domains. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality of life (QOL) in diabetic patients and the factors affecting it in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study that included 86 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the territory of the City of Niš. Health-related QOL of patients was measured using the short form survey (SF-36) that produces an 8-scale health profile. The average duration of diabetes was 12.76±8.08 years. The best QOL in all areas was observed in patients diagnosed with diabetes less than 10 years ago p<0.05) and younger than 65 years. Male respondents perceived a better QOL compared to women, especially in the vitality and pain domains. The patients with comorbidity (93.64%) had lower QOL score in all domains. There was no significant difference in the QOL of patients with diabetes compared to the level of education. High QOL represents an ultimate goal and an important outcome of all medical interventions in diabetic patients. Factors related to lower QOL included: older age, female gender, and existence of comorbidities. Uncontrolled diabetic patients had a lower QOL than controlled diabetics.

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Assessment of the Relationship between Diabetic Retinopathy and Nailfold Capillaries in Type 2 Diabetics with a Noninvasive Method: Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/7592402 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Seyit Uyar ◽

Ayşe Balkarlı ◽

Muhammet Kazım Erol ◽

Bayram Yeşil ◽

Abdullah Tokuç ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Nailfold Capillaroscopy ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetics ◽

Nailfold Capillaries

Background and Objectives. Nailfold capillaroscopy is an easy and noninvasive technique used to investigate dermal microvasculature. Traditional investigations of vascularity do not detect changes until they are well-established in type 2 diabetics. The objective of the current study was to evaluate nailfold capillaries in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to determine the association of retinopathy with changes in the nailfold capillaries.Materials and Methods. Capillaroscopic findings by nailfold capillaroscopy and fundoscopic examinations were assessed in 216 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 101 healthy controls included in this prospective study.Results. Retinopathy was detected in 43.05% of diabetic patients (n=93). Capillaroscopic findings including tortuosity (p<0.001), bushy capillary (p<0.001), neoformation (p<0.001), bizarre capillary (p<0.001), microhemorrhage (p=0.001), capillary ectasia (p=0.002), and aneurysm (p=0.004) were significantly higher in diabetic group than control group. In logistic regression analysis, only tortuosity was shown significant (OR, 2.16;p=0.036). There was also a significant relation between diabetes duration and most of the capillaroscopic findings.Conclusion. Capillaroscopic changes were found to be correlated with diabetic retinopathy, in particular with longer disease duration in our study. Capillaroscopic imaging could be a useful new technique for assessment of diabetic microvascular changes.

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Olfactory disfunction and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetic patients: a pilot study

Endocrine ◽

10.1007/s12020-021-02897-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Mozzanica ◽

Anna Ferrulli ◽

Stela Vujosevic ◽

Alessandro Montuori ◽

Arianna Cardella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Diabetic Complications ◽

Control Group ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Olfactory Abilities ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Purpose Scarce information on the prevalence and characteristics of olfactory disfunction (OD) in type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients are available. The aims of this study were (1) to assess the olfactory function in T2D patients and to compare it with a control group of individuals without T2D, and (2) to evaluate the differences in OD within T2D patients according to the presence of diabetic complications. Methods A group of 39 T2D patients and a control group of 39 healthy individuals were enrolled. Each subject underwent an evaluation of the olfactory performance using the Sniffing Olfactory Screening Test (SOST) and completed a questionnaire assessing the subjective perception of olfaction. According to the presence of diabetic complications, the group of T2D patients was divided into two subgroups. Non-parametric tests and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results No differences in the subjective perception of olfaction were demonstrated among T2D patients (with and without complications) and controls. A significant difference for the SOST score was demonstrated among the different groups. In particular, OD was more frequent in T2D patients than in controls. In addition, OD was far more frequent in T2D patients with complications. Regression analysis did not demonstrate any significant association between OD and clinical/demographic characteristics of T2D patients. Conclusion T2D patients were more frequently affected by OD. The subgroup analysis suggested a possible relationship between OD and diabetic complications since patients with T2D diabetic complications demonstrated lower olfactory abilities than controls subjects and T2D patients without diabetic complications.

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Influence of diabetes mellitus on corneal thickness

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1410529s ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 142 (9-10) ◽

pp. 529-534 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ivan Sencanic ◽

Miroslav Stamenkovic ◽

Vesna Jovanovic ◽

Sinisa Babovic ◽

Vesna Jaksic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Corneal Thickness ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Ophthalmological Examination ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction. Ultrastructural changes in corneas of patients with diabetes mellitus have been previously described. Objective. The aim of this study was to compare central corneal thickness (CDR) values in diabetic patients without retinopathy at the stage of diabetic nonproliferative and proliferative retinopathy and CDR in a control group of healthy subjects. Methods. The study included 121 diabetic patients and 125 healthy subjects matched according to gender and age. Each patient underwent ophthalmological examination involving a dilated fundus examination and CDR measurement using the ultrasound pachymeter. The eyes of diabetic patients were classified according to Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study into three groups: without diabetic retinopathy (NDR), with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and a group with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Only one eye of each subject was chosen for the study. Results. The mean CDR value was significantly higher in the diabetic group (570.52?31.81 ?m) compared with the control group (541.42?27.82 ?m). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p<0.0001). The highest mean CDR value was recorded in the PDR group (585.97?28.58 ?m), followed by the NPDR group (570.84?30.27 ?m), whereas the lowest mean CDR value was recorded in the NDR group (559.80?31.55 ?m). There was a statistically significant difference in CDR between the NDR and PDR groups, as well as between the NPDR and PDR groups (p<0.001, p<0.05 respectively). No significant difference was recorded between the NDR and NPDR groups (p>0.05). Conclusion. CDR of diabetic patients was higher compared to healthy subjects. The highest mean value of CDR was registered in the PDR group, followed by the NPDR and the NDR groups.

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Comparison of Different Clinical and Metabolic Parameters Among Type 2 Diabetic Patients With and Without Retinopathy in Primary Health Clinics in Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia

Bangladesh Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/bjm.v31i2.48534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

Rusdiana ◽

Sry Suryani Widjaja ◽

Mila Hayati Daulay ◽

Almaycano Ginting

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Primary Health ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background: The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing steadily and diabeticretinopathy is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus. This research aims tocompare different clinical and metabolic parameters among type 2 diabetic patients with and withoutdiabetic retinopathy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at various primary health care centers in Medan cityand the surrounding areas in North Sumatera from May to July 2020. Collected medical data includedblood pressure, body mass index, duration of disease, family history and medical treatment. Laboratorydata included blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile. Diabetic retinopathy wasdetected by funduscopic examination by an ophthalmologist. Results: Total patients were 88 and 26 had retinopathy. There was significant difference betweenthe average blood pressure, blood glucose and HbA1C values among patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus with and without retinopathy (p<0.005). But, there was no significant difference between theaverage body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference and lipid profile. Conclusion: Study showed that type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy had increased blood glucoselevels and HbA1c than patients without retinopathy. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2020; 31(2) :64-68

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