scholarly journals Price Cap Models in Pharmaceutical Online-to-Offline Supply Chains

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Victor Shi ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Wenxing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer ◽  
Price Cap Regulation ◽  
Price Cap ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Pharmaceutical supply chains are often highly complex with conflicting objectives of social welfare and profit maximization. Furthermore, there are various stakeholders including pharmaceutical manufacturer, distributors, retailers, patients, and the government. In this paper, we consider a two-stage supply chain consisting of one pharmaceutical manufacturer and a pharmacy with online and offline channels. We focus on four price cap models: no price cap regulation, pharmaceutical manufacturer’s price cap regulation, pharmacy price cap regulation, and linkage price cap regulation. We apply game theory, investigate how the price cap regulations affect the firms’ pricing, and evaluate the economic performance and social welfare of the dual-channel pharmaceutical supply chain. Our findings show that first, like the single-channel pharmaceutical supply chain, the profit of the regulated firm always decreases and the profit of the unregulated firm always increases when they are under one-sided price cap regulations. Second, the impacts of the linkage price cap regulation on the supply chain are more complicated depending on the linkage coefficient and market share. Overall, our findings can provide theoretical and practical insights to help the government devise price cap regulations for complex modern pharmaceutical supply chains.

Characteristics of Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

2019 ◽  
pp. 181-205
Author(s):  
Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Anbalagan Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Firms ◽  
Process Operations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

The pharmaceutical supply chain is presently a noteworthy research topic in process operations and administration. A lot of research has been embraced on office area and configuration, stock and circulation arranging, limit and generation arranging, and point-by-point planning. Just a little extent of this work straightforwardly addresses the issues confronted in the pharmaceutical division. The pharmaceutical industry is facing extraordinary difficulties caused by a maturing population, the expanding expense of medicinal services, the priority given by the governments to bring down the cost of medications, boundaries to a passage in developing markets, and the more extensive reception of non-specific medications. These are quite recently a portion of the many difficulties making weight on the overall revenue of pharmaceutical firms. Expanded expenses of R&D and a diminished number of affirmed sedates additionally demonstrates that the lion's share of prescription, which is anything but difficult to find, has just been found.

Healthcare RFID In Germany: An Integrated Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Chircu ◽  
Eldar Sultanow ◽  
Satya Prakash Saraswat
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Chain Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Chain Processes ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Supply Chain Process ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Todays healthcare environments are characterized by a variety of products, services, and associated data and information that are transferred across many healthcare sector participants. Pharmaceutical supply chains in particular are one example of fragmented information flows among supply chain participants. Pharmaceutical supply chain processes have a crucial influence on medication quality and ultimate patient outcomes. When manufacturing problems arise, temperature control cannot be maintained throughout the supply chain, counterfeit medications enter the supply chain, containers are damaged or sensitive medication is improperly transported and stored, the drugs effectiveness can be affected and this can result in serious consequences, including patient sickens or even death. In this paper, we analyze Radio Frequency Identification Technology (RFID), a technology that can improve communication of data and information, reduce counterfeiting, and enable monitoring of drug quality in pharmaceutical supply chains. The study is conducted in the context of an RFID platform implemented in Germany. The paper extends and complements previous studies by analyzing the RFID implementation and business value in an end-to-end supply chain process across multiple stakeholders in the pharmaceutical supply chain, from the manufacturer via the wholesaler to pharmacies and hospitals. The results confirm that RFID benefits are realized when supply chain processes are changed with the help of technology, but that different supply chain participants have different benefit realization perceptions. The analysis further reveals specific types of process changes for each supply chain participant and their corresponding benefits.

scholarly journals Approaches for solving current problems of pharmaceutical logistics during the pandemic period

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
O. V. Posilkina ◽  
E. V. Litvinova ◽  
A. G. Lisna
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
The Law ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

The global economic crisis, which is linked to the coronavirus pandemic, has also affected pharmaceutical logistics. Therefore, the improvement of logistics processes within the pharmaceutical supply chain to increase the access to health care to the population in a pandemic becomes especially important. The aim of the work is to study and summarize the main problems of pharmaceutical logistics in a coronavirus pandemic and substantiate the reserves to improve the functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains. To achieve the goal of the study, an analysis of the domestic scientific literature and the current regulatory framework of Ukraine was conducted. It has used abstract-logical, monographic research methods and system analysis, as well as the method of expert survey. Realizing the importance of providing the population with necessary medicines during the pandemic in Ukraine on October 14, 2020, the Law «Changes to the article 19 of the Law of Ukraine "On Medicinal Products" on Electronic Retail Trade in Medicines» of September 17, 2020 № 904-IX has enforced. It has been evaluated the factors influencing the efficiency and coordination of the activities of pharmaceutical supply chain participants. A risk management algorithm for pharmaceutical supply chains has been developed, its structural elements and relationships have been identified. The presented algorithm will allow analyzing and estimating any deviations from the planned parameters in pharmaceutical supply chains on the basis of establishment of system of the corresponding indicators and on the basis of this information to define effective methods to counter the risks. The urgency of the problem of increasing the reliability and safety of domestic pharmaceutical supply chains in a pandemic has proved. It is justified that the introduction of digital technologies will increase the reliability, transparency and quality of business processes in the pharmaceutical supply chains during a pandemic, drastic changes in the pharmaceutical market and low predictability of demand for medicines and medical devices. The main problems of logistics in a pandemic in the domestic pharmaceutical industry are studied. It has established that the narrowest places in the organization of pharmaceutical supply chains are the improper organization of information exchange between pharmaceutical supply chain participants and the insufficient professional level of production interaction of managers. It has established the priority directions of increase of stability and reliability of functioning of pharmaceutical supply chains which is a necessary condition of accessibility of pharmaceutical provision of the population, especially in the conditions of a pandemic.

Performance Measurement of Medicines Delivery of Pharmaceutical Companies Under Chain of Sustainable Procurement

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-128
Author(s):  
Kaminee Sahu ◽  
Anoop Kumar Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Flexible Manufacturing ◽  
Service Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Module Structure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Manufacturing Firm ◽  
Sustainable Procurement ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

Pharmaceuticals companies manufacture and maintain the stocks of several medicines. Presently, hospitals maintain stock to supply the appropriate medicine to patients under their care. The availability of medicines is dependent on the service level of suppliers. In last decade, the pharmaceutical supply chains have been an increasingly important topic. Pharmaceutical supply chains of the medicine manufacturing firm are based on traditional supply chain strategies. But, the concept became obsolete, replaced by modern supply chain strategy. The modern supply chain better analyzes pharmaceutical architectures such as green, service, agile, resilient, flexible manufacturing and is called the pharmaceutical G-F-A-L-R supply chain. To evolve a new model for the pharmaceutical supply chain, a 2nd second level pharmaceutical hierarchy G-F-A-L-R supply chain module structure has been constructed, where a Fuzzy Performance Index model has been applied on the module to compute the overall performance of individual pharmaceutical companies.

Development of a Conceptual Framework for Performance Measurement of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain within Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Nsamzinshuti ◽  
Alassane Ballé Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Distribution ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

In recent years, the European hospital sector suffers the brunt of the economic crisis. This sector is now faced with a paradox, which is to reduce costs, related to the decline in government subsidies and an increase in the quality of care required by the regulatory bodies. This paradox can be resolved through the optimization of the hospital supply chain. Despite hospital supply chains having a great impact on hospital budgets, still opportunities for optimization exist and improve the health care quality. This article aims to propose a conceptual framework that allows hospitals to evaluate the performance of their pharmaceutical supply chains in order to identify bottlenecks and cost reduction opportunities. After reviewing the literature regarding to the hospital supply chain and the performance measurement, the authors focused on the study of hospital processes of pharmaceutical distribution within the hospital. The findings of this study propose a conceptual framework that will allow hospital to measure the performance of their pharmaceutical supply chain.

Development of a Conceptual Framework for Performance Measurement of Pharmaceutical Supply Chain within Hospital

2017 ◽  
pp. 228-248
Author(s):  
Alexis Nsamzinshuti ◽  
Alassane Ballé Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Care Quality ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Pharmaceutical Distribution ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chains

In recent years, the European hospital sector suffers the brunt of the economic crisis. This sector is now faced with a paradox, which is to reduce costs, related to the decline in government subsidies and an increase in the quality of care required by the regulatory bodies. This paradox can be resolved through the optimization of the hospital supply chain. Despite hospital supply chains having a great impact on hospital budgets, still opportunities for optimization exist and improve the health care quality. This article aims to propose a conceptual framework that allows hospitals to evaluate the performance of their pharmaceutical supply chains in order to identify bottlenecks and cost reduction opportunities. After reviewing the literature regarding to the hospital supply chain and the performance measurement, the authors focused on the study of hospital processes of pharmaceutical distribution within the hospital. The findings of this study propose a conceptual framework that will allow hospital to measure the performance of their pharmaceutical supply chain.

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing and Green Product Design Strategies in a Sustainable Supply Chain Considering Government Subsidy and Different Channel Power Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12446
Author(s):  
Kelei Xue ◽  
Guohua Sun ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Shuiye Niu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Government Subsidy ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Green Product Design

Green product design is a vital measure to support sustainable development in a circular economy era. This paper studies the multi-product pricing and green product design strategies under different supply chain structures and government subsidy strategies. Considering different channel leadership, we establish the centralized (C), manufacturer-led (MS), and retailer-led (RS) supply chain models, respectively. By applying a game-theoretical approach, corresponding equilibrium pricing, green product design, and government subsidy decisions under different supply chain structures are obtained. Through comparison and numerical analysis, we find that: (1) the different subsidy strategies of the government have an important impact on green product development. When the government provides a uniform subsidy strategy, a RS supply chain can bring greener product, more market demands, more profit, and more social welfare; (2) when the government provides a differentiated subsidy strategy, MS and RS supply chain structures can bring greener product and more market demand than the centralized supply chain. They can also bring the same social welfare and the same product to the green design level. However, the MS supply chain structure can bring more profit for the firm; (3) the consumers’ green awareness positively impacts the design and development of green product. Therefore, it is beneficial for the firm to adopt reasonable measures to boost the environmental awareness of consumers in order to realize the sustainable development of our society.

scholarly journals Influence Mechanism on Supplier Emission Reduction Based on a Two-Level Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12439
Author(s):  
Lina Ma ◽  
Xinran Zhang ◽  
Yushen Du
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Social Welfare ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Governmental Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reduction Effort ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this paper is to investigate environmental performance of a supply chain which consists of an upstream supplier and a downstream firm. A mathematical model considering both downstream firm’s monitoring and governmental intervention is developed. Afterwards, a numerical example is presented to show the equilibriums of these models and the optimal choices of firms and government. The results show that when customers’ environmental awareness increases, both total environmental impact and social welfare decrease. The downstream firm’s monitoring will certainly reduce the total environmental impact. In most cases, it does not matter whether the downstream firm chooses to monitor the supplier or not, the total environmental impact and social welfare would not be affected when the government chooses subsidy. If a subsidy is present, firms and environment will be better than those without subsidy. Hence, the government is more likely to choose to provide subsidy and the downstream firm will not monitor the supplier’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction effort. In a few cases when environmental impact is too large, taxation may be the optimal choice for the government and the downstream firm will choose to monitor the supplier’s GHG emissions reduction investment.

Distributed Trust Using Blockchain for Efficient Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

2019 ◽  
pp. 248-268
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Nageswar ◽  
Siva Yellampalli
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain ◽  
Enterprise Value ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Business Excellence ◽  
Counterfeit Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
Last Mile Delivery

With traditional ERP systems, there is a lack of networking among suppliers, partners, and logistics providers. So, there is a need to have a holistic view of production and movement of goods from production to last mile delivery. The physical and digital supply chains need to be integrated to ensure secure supply chains that promote business excellence, collaboration among stakeholders, and reduce costs. The high-level view over their supply chains allows them to function better in a multi-channel world. It also helps them identify where to reduce stock without compromising customer service. Otherwise, it leads to a delay in delivery, counterfeit products, thefts, fraud, and cyberpiracy, which may lead to lawsuits and losing of brand image. The tacit function of supply chain management is to provide tracking of specific goods in the supply chain. So, it is imperative to leverage the blockchain technology stack to map multi-enterprise value networks and enable connected multi-modal networks.

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