Optimal Pricing and Green Product Design Strategies in a Sustainable Supply Chain Considering Government Subsidy and Different Channel Power Structures

Green product design is a vital measure to support sustainable development in a circular economy era. This paper studies the multi-product pricing and green product design strategies under different supply chain structures and government subsidy strategies. Considering different channel leadership, we establish the centralized (C), manufacturer-led (MS), and retailer-led (RS) supply chain models, respectively. By applying a game-theoretical approach, corresponding equilibrium pricing, green product design, and government subsidy decisions under different supply chain structures are obtained. Through comparison and numerical analysis, we find that: (1) the different subsidy strategies of the government have an important impact on green product development. When the government provides a uniform subsidy strategy, a RS supply chain can bring greener product, more market demands, more profit, and more social welfare; (2) when the government provides a differentiated subsidy strategy, MS and RS supply chain structures can bring greener product and more market demand than the centralized supply chain. They can also bring the same social welfare and the same product to the green design level. However, the MS supply chain structure can bring more profit for the firm; (3) the consumers’ green awareness positively impacts the design and development of green product. Therefore, it is beneficial for the firm to adopt reasonable measures to boost the environmental awareness of consumers in order to realize the sustainable development of our society.

Effect of Green Manufacturing on Operational Performance of Manufacturing Firms in Mombasa County, Kenya

This paper focuses on investigating the effect of green manufacturing on operational performance of manufacturing firms. The study adopted crosssectional survey design and data was collected across all the 61 manufacturing firms listed by KAM in 2019 through questionnaires. The study used Regression Model technique to analyze the quantitative data and validate the developed research model. Green manufacturing was found to have a positive effect on operational performance. Green product design and development, GSCM, and efficient processes had significant effect in enhancing operational performance while end-of-life product management was found to have insignificant relationship with operational performance.

EFFECT OF GREEN PRODUCT DESIGN AND INSTITUTIONAL PRESSURES ON MANUFACTURING FIRMS PERFORMANCES IN MALAYSIA : IMPLEMENTATION OF REVERSE LOGISTICS PRODUCTS

Purpose: This study is to explore the empirical analysis of green product design and institutional pressures on firm’s performances by employing from ISO14001 certified electrical and electronic manufacturing firms in Malaysia. Methodology: The study has collected the data from the Electrical and Electronics (E&E) manufacturing firms in Malaysia certified with ISO 14001 through online survey questionnaire from the FMM-MATRADE Industry Directory for Electrical and Electronics 2019/2020, the sampling frame is 177 companies and a sample size of 122 with 89 return response using convenient sampling. Findings: The results indicated that design for disassembly is necessary to produce valuable inventories from every product except of disposal whereas design for environment has slight influence on repair and disposal activities. As the evidence show that green product design, institutional pressure and reverse logistics product are inter-related, firms ought to undertake environmentally proactive approaches to generate benefits for the firm’s overall performances. Conclusion: The study concludes that the green product design, government, customers and competitors have statistically significant positive influences on reverse logistics towards firms’ performances. Recommendation: Future study should consider the inclusion of non-ISO14001 certified E&E manufacturing companies to expand the sampling frame to obtain greater generalizability of findings. Additionally, future studies ought to investigate the effect of other predictors such as liberalized return policy Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Since manager’s decisions and interactions take place within a social network that is affected by stakeholders, a theoretical perspective that accounts for the impact of the social climate, rather than simply the economic, rational perspective alone, is more encompassing and may better explain organizations’ behaviors.

Research Issue on Green Product Design and Manufacturing of Electronic Manufacturing Industry

In the industrial society, the concept of green product research is becoming prevalent in many manufacturing industries. The green technology is implemented to develop an environmentally green product that brought attention to a growing technological field as it attains sustainable growth in a market. The green process includes logistics, manufacturing, and product design to reach a high level of sustainability. The utilization of green technologies in manufacturing industries reduces the major effect of industrial outcomes on environment. The product manufactured in the electronic industries is rapidly utilized by more population. This paper deals with the research issue faced during product manufacturing in electronic industries. Initially, the issues encountered during product development are air pollution, solid waste, and water pollution. The product is enriched with the characteristic features such as an increase in efficiency, reduction in toxic content, and must be eco-friendly. The developed green product should satisfy environmental standards. Environmental Conscious Manufacturing (ECM) accountability to satisfy the government rules and regulations for product development in the manufacturing industry and also deals with the customer’s expectation. The eco-friendly product includes eco-design, recycling, clean production, low cost, and reclamation of products. The eco-design is responsible for improving the environmental outcomes and also reliable for a reduction in long-term cost. The green product design and manufacturing focus mainly on energy conservation and the development of a product with less wastage. The research on green product manufacturing is mainly to save the environment by reducing carbon foot print and to make the product in less cost. The main consequence faced during the development of the green product is destroying the environment by utilizing natural resources. Thus, in this paper, the issues faced during the green product design and manufacturing of the electronic manufacturing industry are discussed.

Green Product Design and Pricing Decisions in a Risk-Averse Supply Chain under Alternative Power Structures

Motivated by the prevailing green product design and the different supply chain power structures, this paper aims to analyse the role of power relationship and risk-aversion in economic and environmental performance of sustainable supply chain. Three game theory models, including the manufacturer Stackelberg (MS) model, retailer Stackelberg (RS) model, and vertical Nash (VN) model, are developed to study the pricing and greenness level decisions in a two-echelon sustainable supply chain, where one risk-averse manufacturer sells green products through one risk-averse retailer. This paper shows that when selling through a more risk-averse retailer, the risk-averse manufacturer prefers to provide a product with a higher level of greenness and achieve a greater utility regardless of the power structure. A manufacturer as a follower may have stronger motivation to increase the product’s level of greenness than one in a more balanced supply chain when the green technology investment coefficient is sufficiently low. With regard to the power structure, the channel leadership is not necessary to for the manufacturer to achieve higher utility, which depends on the green technology investment coefficient, greenness level sensitivity, and players’ risk aversion.

Guidelines for Designing Green Products Considering Customers’ Cultural Preferences

The increasing customer awareness of environmental sustainability during the last decade has had an influence on many manufacturers to produce green products. However, issues arise regarding the actual preferences of customers for green products, which often differ depending on cultural influences. Cultural values can affect the decisions of designers to determine detailed design specifications that relate to customer preferences. Currently, few guidelines consider cultural values as an aspect of green product design. Thus, the aim of this study is to develop a guideline that incorporates the influence of cultural values on green product design. Malaysia was selected as the location of this study. The sources of data to establish a guideline were obtained from customer perspectives on green products. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to identify cultural influences and preferences on green product characteristics as the input strategies for the proposed guideline. Professional designers from different profiles were asked to identify the applicability of the guideline. Based on the results, the designers agreed that the influence of cultural values is an important aspect that should be considered in the development of green products. The implication of the guideline is discussed in this paper to accelerate decisions of designers in developing green products.

Green Product Design Based on the BioTRIZ Multi-Contradiction Resolution Method

The impacts on the environment of many commercial products have not been fully considered in past years. For the sustainable development of Earth’s resources, future product design should move towards not only innovation, but also fundamentally in the green direction. Currently, the BioTRIZ method may provide a satisfactory solution for a single contradiction of green product design. However, if there are multiple contradictions existing due to multiple operational fields, difficulty in implementing design aspects may be posed. For this reason, this paper develops a BioTRIZ multi-contradiction resolution method targeting a green product design, which can find the crucial contradictions and thus achieve the necessary invention principles (IP). By summarizing the green factors and further dividing operational fields, the deduced matrix table becomes highly effective in the design. Accordingly, designers can be assisted to quickly find the operational fields under multiple contradictions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using a product example of a window-cleaning robot design.