scholarly journals Comprehensive Methodology to Evaluate Parasitic Energy Consumption for Different Types of Dual-Axis Sun Tracking Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Tan ◽  
Tze-Koon Wang ◽  
Chee-Woon Wong ◽  
Kok-Keong Chong ◽  
Boon-Han Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Optical Efficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Energy Consumptions

A dual-axis sun tracking system is an essential strategy to maximize the optical efficiency of harnessing solar energy. However, there is no significant study yet to optimize the net performance of the photovoltaic (PV) or concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system equipped with a dual-axis sun tracking system. Parasitic energy loss associated with the power consumption of the sun tracking system is one of the major concerns for the solar industrial players. To address this issue, a comprehensive methodology has been developed to evaluate the yearly cumulative range of motion for dual-axis sun tracking systems in the cases of with and without fixed parking positions across the latitudes ranging from 45°N to 45°S. The parasitic energy consumptions have been investigated for three selected types of dual-axis sun tracking systems, i.e., the azimuth-elevation sun tracking system (AE-STS), polar dual-axis sun tracking system (PD-STS), and horizontal dual-axis sun tracking system (HD-STS). The simulated results indicate that the dual-axis sun tracking system with the nonfixed parking (or stow) position has lower yearly cumulative parasitic energy consumption with respect to the sun tracking system with a fixed parking position. Lastly, our simulation result has shown that the parasitic energy consumption of the sun tracking is relatively smaller to that of the electrical energy generated by the concentrator photovoltaic system with the ratio between 0.15% and 0.29% for AE-STS, between 0.15% and 0.30% for PD-STS, and between 0.17% and 0.35% for HD-STS.

scholarly journals Intelligent Energy Management Strategy for Automated Office Buildings

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice Igor Noubissie Tientcheu ◽  
Shyama P. Chowdhury ◽  
Thomas O. Olwal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Significant Saving ◽  
The Impact

The increasing demand to reduce the high consumption of end-use energy in office buildings framed the objective of this work, which was to design an intelligent system management that could be utilized to minimize office buildings’ energy consumption from the national electricity grid. Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) and lighting are the two main consumers of electricity in office buildings. Advanced automation and control systems for buildings and their components have been developed by researchers to achieve low energy consumption in office buildings without considering integrating the load consumed and the Photovoltaic system (PV) input to the controller. This study investigated the use of PV to power the HVAC and lighting equipped with a suitable control strategy to improve energy saving within a building, especially in office buildings where there are reports of high misuse of electricity. The intelligent system was modelled using occupant activities, weather condition changes, load consumed and PV energy changes, as input to the control system of lighting and HVAC. The model was verified and tested using specialized simulation tools (Simulink®) and was subsequently used to investigate the impact of an integrated system on energy consumption, based on three scenarios. In addition, the direct impact on reduced energy cost was also analysed. The first scenario was tested in simulation of four offices building in a civil building in South Africa of a single occupant’s activities, weather conditions, temperature and the simulation resulted in savings of HVAC energy and lighting energy of 13% and 29%, respectively. In the second scenario, the four offices were tested in simulation due to the loads’ management plus temperature and occupancy and it resulted in a saving of 20% of HVAC energy and 29% of lighting electrical energy. The third scenario, which tested integrating PV energy (thus, the approach utilized) with the above-mentioned scenarios, resulted in, respectively, 64% and 73% of HVAC energy and lighting electrical energy saved. This saving was greater than that of the first two scenarios. The results of the system developed demonstrated that the loads’ control and the PV integration combined with the occupancy, weather and temperature control, could lead to a significant saving of energy within office buildings.

scholarly journals Biaxial Solar Tracking System Based on the MPPT Approach Integrating ICTs for Photovoltaic Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Gregor ◽  
Yoshihiko Takase ◽  
Jorge Rodas ◽  
Leonardo Carreras ◽  
Derlis Gregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Solar Tracking

The smart grid and distributed generation based on renewable energy applications often involve the use of information and communication technology (ICT) coupled with advanced control and monitoring algorithms to improve the efficiency and reliability of the electrical grid and renewable generation systems. Photovoltaic (PV) systems have been recently applied with success in the fields of distributed generation due to their lower environmental impact where the electrical energy generation is related to the amount of solar irradiation and thus the angle of incident ray of the sun on the surface of the modules. This paper introduces an integration of ICTs in order to achieve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) using a biaxial solar tracking system for PV power applications. To generate the references for the digital control of azimuth and elevation angles a Global Positioning System (GPS) by satellites is used which enables acquiring the geographic coordinates of the sun in real-time. As a total integration of the system a communication platform based on the 802.15.4 protocol for the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is adopted for supervising and monitoring the PV plant. A 2.4 kW prototype system is implemented to validate the proposed control scheme performance.

Electrical performance results of an energy efficient building with an integrated photovoltaic system

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosten Ziuku ◽  
Edson L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Building Integrated Photovoltaics ◽  
The North ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

A 3.8 kW rooftop photovoltaic generator has been installed on an energy efficient house built at the University of Fort Hare, Alice campus, South Africa. The system, located on the north facing roof, started generating electrical power in February 2009. In addition to providing electrical energy, the photovoltaic panels also act as the building roofing material. An instrumentation and data acquisition system was installed to record the indoor and outdoor ambient temperature, indoor and outdoor relative humidity, wind speed and direction, solar irradiance, electrical energy produced by the solar panels and the household energy consumption. This paper presents the initial results of the electrical performance of the building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) generator and energy consumption patterns in the energy efficient house.

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM BY INCORPORATING TRACKING SYSTEM AND MPPT: A REVIEW

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
S Udhayakumar ◽  
R A Sindhu ◽  
R Srivasthan ◽  
Y Yogaraj
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

The harvesting of solar energy is gaining increasing attention as it is pollution free and is available in abundance. Various researches and experiments are being carried out to improve the efficiency of power conversion by altering the material of the photovoltaic panels, by incorporating tracking systems and by making use of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The conventional rigidly fixed solar panels limit their area of exposure to the sun during the entire day. The use of tracker increases the area of panel exposed to direct beam of the sun, thus increasing the power generated. MPPT algorithm tracks the maximum power point attained at all loads and extracts the power from the panel at that voltage. Despite the variations in the external environment, the power obtained from the panel is always maximum. This paper reviews various tracking methods and MPPT techniques to increase the energy harvesting capacity of the panel and in turn improve its efficiency.

scholarly journals Modeling the Operating Modes of a Photovoltaic System

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
L.M. Abdali ◽  
H.J. Mohammed ◽  
B.A. Yakimovich ◽  
V.V. Kuvshinov ◽  
N.V. Korovkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Power ◽  
Circuit Simulation ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Array ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Generating System

During the operation of photovoltaic installations, the inconstancy of the energy characteristics of the flow of incident solar radiation adversely affects the generation of electrical energy. Consumers are highly dependent on climatic factors and solar insolation. For more efficient operation of generating solar installations, it is necessary to conduct detailed studies of the characteristics of the auxiliary and control equipment of the photovoltaic system. When using mathematical programs to simulate the operating modes of solar power generating systems, it is possible to significantly improve the operating parameters of control units and auxiliary systems and increase the generation of electrical energy. The paper presents an improved electrical diagram of a photovoltaic generating system, its control elements, and the efficiency of energy generation is increased. It also describes a method for modeling the operating modes of photovoltaic (PV) modules, implemented in the Matlab/Simulink program. In the work, it was necessary to define a circuit simulation model for the solar array to ensure interaction with the power converter. The characteristics of the solar cells, which are influenced by irradiation and temperature, are modeled by a circuit model. A simplified equivalent circuit for a diode equivalent PV system is used as a model. The simulation results are compared with different types of PV module data. As a result of the work, it was shown that the created simulation blocks in the Matlab/Simulin system well simulate the operation of solar panels, while they are compatible with different types of photovoltaic modules and are convenient in providing various operating modes. In the study of real operating modes of the proposed generating system, the possibility of increasing the generation of electrical energy was shown. When using the proposed circuit solutions for the operation of solar installations, it is possible to significantly increase their efficiency, extend the trouble-free operation, and increase the service life of the equipment. The conducted research contributes to a better use of blocks of photovoltaic systems used to provide electrical energy to industrial, municipal and individual consumers. The circuit solutions proposed in the work are possible for use both at large solar power plants operating in parallel with the general energy system, and at small photovoltaic installations used to provide individual consumers.

scholarly journals The Sun, Energetic option for Universidad Tecnológica de Salamanca

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luis Delgado-Ponce ◽  
Oscar Joel Vargas-Hernández ◽  
Johnny López-Flores ◽  
Teresa Geraldine Cárdenas-Arellano
Keyword(s):  
Photovoltaic Effect ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Selection Of

For the Universidad Tecnológica de Salamanca it has been necessary and very important its building become sustainable, therefore, the sun is an energy option to achieve it, this study shows the use of clean energy to produce electrical energy, the objective is to use the photovoltaic effect using technology and regional suppliers, so that when it is a sunny day, electricity is generated and when this resource is not available, the service of the electricity company, CFE in Mexico provides it. It begins by locating within the globe the point where the SFVI (interconnected photovoltaic system) will be installed, in this case latitude 20.577136 and longitude -101.232293, there are two requirements prior to meeting, which has to do with the selection of the location, the first It refers to technical aspects, such as solar resources, type of terrain and the shadows that could be generated in the place, according to the fulfillment of legal requirements and necessary permits for the selected place. The criteria used in the Interconnected photovoltaic system are shown, to achieve sustainability for Universidad Tecnológica de Salamanca.

scholarly journals Design of Solar Tracking System for Capturing Maximum Amount of Solar Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 145-147
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Tracking

This paper proposes a design of solar tracking system for capturing maximum amount of solar energy by rotating the solar panel. From sun rise to sun set, the sun changes its direction several times due to which the static solar panel fails to capture maximum solar energy throughout the day. Therefore, it is required to develop a system that is capable of generating electrical energy by making use of maximum amount of solar energy. This paper discloses about the rotatable solar tracking system capable of rotating along the sun direction for tracking maximum amount of solar energy. This advanced technology not only utilize the solar energy more effectively but also improves the efficiency of whole system.

Tracking Systems Evaluation for the “Hybrid Lighting System”

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Beshears ◽  
G. J. Capps ◽  
D. D. Earl ◽  
J. K. Jordan ◽  
L. C. Maxey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical System ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Solar Tracker

As part of the design and development effort for the “Hybrid Lighting System,” Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) scientists have evaluated two potential candidate-tracking systems for the solar collector. The first system, the WattSun Solar Tracker, built by Array Technologies, utilizes a patented, closed loop, optical sun sensor to sense the sun’s position and track it. The second tracking system, SolarTrak Controller, built by Enhancement Electronics, Inc., is a micro controller-based tracking system. The SolarTrak micro controller-based Tracker’s sun position is determined by computing the celestial bearing of the sun with respect to the earth using the local time, date, latitude, longitude and time zone rather than sensing the relative bearing of the sun with optical receptors. This system connects directly to the mechanical system hardware supplied by Array Technologies. Both the WattSun Solar Tracker and the SolarTrak Controller were mounted on the prototype “Hybrid Lighting” mechanical system (array) hardware. A simple switch allowed independent testing of each system. Upon completion of the evaluation of the two systems we found the WattSun Solar Tracker controller to be unacceptable for use with our prototype hybrid lighting system. The SolarTrak Controller has performed well to date and provides suitable tracking accuracy for use with our prototype “Hybrid Lighting System”. After a six-month evaluation period at ORNL, the first prototype “Hybrid Lighting System” was installed at Ohio University as part of an “Enhanced Practical Photosynthetic CO2 Mitigation.” This document will highlight the results of the tracker investigation and outline the remaining issues to be addressed, to provide a suitable tracking system for our “Hybrid Lighting” collector.

scholarly journals Solar Photovoltaic Tracking Systems for Electricity Generation: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastijan Seme ◽  
Bojan Štumberger ◽  
Miralem Hadžiselimović ◽  
Klemen Sredenšek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Art Research ◽  
The University

This paper presents a thorough review of state-of-the-art research and literature in the field of photovoltaic tracking systems for the production of electrical energy. A review of the literature is performed mainly for the field of solar photovoltaic tracking systems, which gives this paper the necessary foundation. Solar systems can be roughly divided into three fields: the generation of thermal energy (solar collectors), the generation of electrical energy (photovoltaic systems), and the generation of electrical energy/thermal energy (hybrid systems). The development of photovoltaic systems began in the mid-19th century, followed shortly by research in the field of tracking systems. With the development of tracking systems, different types of tracking systems, drives, designs, and tracking strategies were also defined. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of photovoltaic tracking systems, as well as the latest studies that have been done in recent years. The review will be supplemented with a factual presentation of the tracking systems used at the Institute of Energy Technology of the University of Maribor.

scholarly journals A Research Study to Increase Usage of PVs in Residential Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vedat Kiray
Keyword(s):  
Tracking System ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Tracking Systems ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Design Study ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Movable Platform ◽  
Research And Design

Self-generation of energy by residential houses has been met with many obstacles. When PV Solar energy technology is considered, the barriers manifest in problems related to the location, slope, strength, and shade exposure of house roofs are the most common. Therefore, it is not possible to meet daily energy needs from PV panels placed on the existing roofs of many houses. Solar Tracking Systems keep PV panels perpendicular to the Sun throughout the day, providing a significant increase in their efficiency. But the application of these systems on the roofs or houses is not suitable for many reasons, especially in terms of aesthetic appearance. This article is aimed at effectively showing how the slope and direction inconsistencies in the existing roofs of houses in residential areas cause great losses in the performance of PVs; also a research and design study is presented to find a solution to the application of Sun tracking systems in residential areas without creating aesthetic appearance problem. As a solution, combining a dual axis Sun tracking system with an aesthetic looking Gazebo has been considered. A design study was carried out for the targeted system, and the dimensions of a movable platform/roof such a system should have in order to meet the electricity needs of a house from the Sun throughout the year was investigated. How much energy the PV panels can collect annually is determined by a simulation program called “PV performance tool”.

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