scholarly journals Mycobacterial Lineages Associated with Drug Resistance in Patients with Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Getu Diriba ◽  
Abebaw Kebede ◽  
Habteyes Hailu Tola ◽  
Ayinalem Alemu ◽  
Bazezew Yenew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
East African ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background. In Ethiopia, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common causes of illness and death. However, there is limited information available on lineages associated with drug resistance among extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia. In this study, researchers looked into Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineages linked to drug resistance in patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. On 151 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, a cross-sectional analysis was performed. Spoligotyping was used to characterize mycobacterial lineages, while a phenotypic drug susceptibility test was performed to determine the drug resistance pattern. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results. Among 151 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genotyped isolates, four lineages (L1–L4), and Mycobacterium bovis were identified. The predominantly identified lineage was Euro-American (73.5%) followed by East-African-Indian (19.2%). Any drug resistance (RR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis was identified among 16.2% and 7.2% of the Euro-American lineage, respectively, while it was 30.8% and 15.4% among the East-African-Indian lineages. Among all three preextensively drug-resistance (pre-XDR) cases identified, two isolates belong to T3-ETH, and the other one strain was not defined by the database. There was no statistically significant association between any type of drug resistance and either lineage or sublineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Conclusion. A higher proportion of any type of drug resistance and MDR was detected among the East-African-Indian lineage compared to others. However, there was no statistically significant association between any type of drug resistance and either lineages or sublineages. Thus, the authors recommend a large-scale study.

scholarly journals The Epidemiology of first and second-line drug-resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex common species: Evidence from selected TB treatment initiating centers in Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245687
Author(s):  
Biniyam Dagne ◽  
Kassu Desta ◽  
Rahel Fekade ◽  
Misikir Amare ◽  
Mengistu Tadesse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background Drug-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex remains a major health burden in human history and still is a major leading cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. Early detection of all forms of drug-resistant Tuberculosis(TB) is a key factor to reduce and contain the spread of these resistant strains. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study was employed, based on demographic, clinical, and laboratory data collected from 204 patients with bacteriological confirmed TB. Sputum samples were analyzed using conventional TB culture and identification test followed by molecular species identification, and then phenotypic drug susceptibility tests. Data were entered using an excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Descriptive analysis; frequencies, and proportions were computed. Results Among the 204 sputum samples inoculated in culture media, Mycobacterium species were recovered from 165 specimens, with 160 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and five Non- Tuberculosis Mycobacterium(NTM) species. All Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex was found to be M. tuberculosis. Of the five NTM species, 2 M.fortuitum, 2 M.intracellulare, and 1 M.gordonae were identified. Among 160 species of M. tuberculosis isolates, 110(68.8%) were resistant to any of the anti-TB drugs. The resistance pattern was; INH (109, 68.1%), RIF (99, 61.9%), STM (73,45.6%), and EMB (32,20.0%). Mono-resistance was found for INH (7,4.3%) and STM (1,0.6%). Ninety-nine (61.9%) isolates become MDR, while resistance to any of the second-line anti-TB drugs was detected in 9 (5.6%) strains, with 8(5%) Pre-XDR and one (0.6%) XDR cases. Conclusion Our findings highlight high frequencies of drug resistance to first and second-line anti-TB drugs.Determining the drug-resistance pattern of MTB is important for programmatic management of drug-resistant TB in Ethiopia. The circulating Pre-XDR and XDR case identified in the current study is alarming to the tuberculosis control program in the country.

scholarly journals Machine-learning reveals that Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes and anatomic disease site impacts drug resistance and disease transmission among patients with proven extra-pulmonary tuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doctor Busizwe Sibandze ◽  
Beki Themba Magazi ◽  
Lesibana Anthony Malinga ◽  
Nontuthuko Excellent Maningi ◽  
Bong Akee Shey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
East African ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Asian Lineage

Abstract Background: There is a general dearth of information on extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Here, we investigated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug resistance and transmission patterns in EPTB patients treated in the Tshwane metropolitan area, in South Africa.Methods: Consecutive Mtb culture-positive non-pulmonary samples from unique EPTB patients underwent mycobacterial genotyping and were assigned to phylogenetic lineages and transmission clusters based on spoligotypes. MTBDRplus assay was used to search mutations for isoniazid and rifampin resistance. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify clinically meaningful patterns in data. We computed odds ratio (OR), attributable risk (AR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Of the 70 isolates examined, the largest cluster comprised 25 (36%) Mtb strains that belonged to the East Asian lineage. East Asian lineage was significantly more likely to occur within chains of transmission when compared to the Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages: OR= 10.11 (95% CI: 1.56-116). Lymphadenitis, meningitis and cutaneous TB, were significantly more likely to be associated with drug resistance: OR=12.69 (95% CI: 1.82-141.60) and AR = 0.25 (95% CI: 0.06-0.43) when compared with other EPTB sites, which suggests that poor rifampin penetration might be a contributing factor.Conclusions: The majority of Mtb strains circulating in the Tshwane metropolis belongs to East Asian, Euro-American and East-African Indian lineages. Each of these are likely to be clustered, suggesting on-going EPTB transmission. Since 25% of the drug resistance was attributable to sanctuary EPTB sites notorious for poor rifampin penetration, we hypothesize that poor anti-tuberculosis drug dosing might have a role in the development of resistance.

scholarly journals Drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the province with highest incidence of tuberculosis in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. S131 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mansoori ◽  
Masoumeh Douraghi ◽  
F. Vaziri ◽  
A.A. Rajabloo ◽  
M. Sheikhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

scholarly journals First Line Anti-Tubercular Drug Resistance Pattern of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolated From Specialized Hospitals of Dhaka City

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mohiuddin ◽  
J Ashraful Haq
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Lowenstein Jensen ◽  
High Level

The present study was undertaken to determine the drug resistance pattern of M. tuberculosis isolated from 225 pulmonary and 45 extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. The samples were cultured on Lowenstein Jensen (L-J) media for isolation of M. tuberculosis. Drug resistance to first line anti tubercular drugsnamely isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), Ethambutol (ETH) and streptomycin (SM) were determined by indirect proportion method. The overall drug resistance of M. tuberculosis was 53.6% to any of the first line anti tubercular drugs. Rate of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) among the untreated cases was 4.2%, while it was 36.0% in previously treated cases. It was found that 83.3% rifampicin resistant M. tuberculosis was cross resistant to one or more of other first line anti-tubercular drugs, while cross resistance of INH, ETH and SM resistant isolates was much low. The present study revealed that high level of drug resistance exists to individual anti tubercular drugs and MDR-TB is an emerging problem, particularly in treated cases. Rifampicin resistance could be used as a surrogate marker for drug resistance to other first line anti tubercular drugs.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2014; 8(2): 41-46

Prevalence of mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug resistance pattern in different areas of Sindh, Pakistan

Pathology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. S113
Author(s):  
Saeed Khan ◽  
Uzma Mazahir ◽  
Noorulaine Maqsood ◽  
Fizza Hasan ◽  
Rafiq Khanani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern
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