Enhanced Neurokinin-1 Receptor Expression Is Associated with Human Dental Pulp Inflammation and Pain Severity

Substance P (SP) is a peptide involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. SP has a high affinity for its receptor neurokinin-1 (NK-1R). SP/NK-1R complex plays a major role in the interactions going on during the onset of dental pain and inflammation. Objective. To identify the expression of NK-1R in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp, as well as to identify any association with severity of dental pain. Methods. This case-control study included ten irreversibly inflamed samples of dental pulp, which were extirpated from patients presenting with chief complaint of dental pain due to caries. Ten healthy pulps, extirpated from those teeth which were indicated for extraction due to orthodontic reasons, were used as the control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) and modified McGill Pain Questionnaire were used to assess the characteristic and severity of pain. Immunohistochemical study was performed using monoclonal antibodies against NK-1R. Results. The results showed that the NK-1R was expressed intensely in patients with higher pain score. The mean pain score in cases was 7.0 ± 2.0 . The healthy dental pulps had negative or mild NK-1R staining of +1 intensity. The NK-1R score in cases was 2.4 ± 0.516 and 0.2 ± 0.4216 in controls. There was significant difference in NK-1R score between both groups ( p value <0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the pain score and NK-1R expression score. As the pain increased, the NK-1R expression score was also increased (0.95 ∗ ∗ , p value 0.000). Conclusions. NK-1R is overexpressed in inflamed dental pulp. SP/NK-1R modulation may provide a novel approach for the treatment of pulpal inflammation and pain.

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Immediate response of human dental pulp capped with mineral trioxide aggregate, Portland cement and biodentin

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v45i2.42540 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 108-116

Author(s):

AKM Bashar ◽

A.K.M Nurul Kabir ◽

Rozina Akhter Rizdina ◽

Ranjit Ghosh ◽

Ashis Kumar Biswas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Inflammatory Reaction ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulp Capping ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Dental Pulp

Background: The initial inflammatory reaction of pulp capping materials on the dental pulp has an intimate relation in promoting the future cellular differentiation and biomaterial mineralisation. So, analysis of immediate pulpal tissue reaction in vivo, is also important for evaluation of ultimate efficacy any pulp capping agent. To observe immediate inflammatory response of Human Dental Pulp capped with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentin and Portland Cement (PC). Methods: A total of 70 permanent premolars teeth planned to be extracted for orthodontic alignment of occlusion were used as study sample. The teeth were divided into 3 experimental groups, MTA (n=20), Biodentin (n=20) Portland cement (n=20) and control group (n=10). After having an occlusal exposure of approximately 1.5 mm in diameter; in group A, pulp of teeth was capped with 2-mm-thick layer of ProRoot White MTA (Dentsply) and in group B, with sterile Biodentin (Septodont) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Whereas in group C, pulp of teeth was capped with sterile Portland Cement (PC). After placing the experimental material in each group, all teeth restored with glass i‹xiomer cement. After 24 hours the teeth were extracted, fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, then decalcified by 10% nitric acid and embedded in paraffin. Finally, sectioned into 2 to 3-micron-thick serial sections in the linguo-buccal plane and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. After then the amount of pulp inflammation (type, intensity, and extension) were determined by using a predetermined evaluation criterion under an optical microscope at 40a magnification. Ten intact teeth, which received no exposure and pulp capping but extracted due to orthodontic purpose were also collected and treated as the control group (group D); undergone same histologic preparation and evaluation. Significantstatistical differences among the experimental groups were to be found (p<0.05). Results: Histologically, all the three tested materials produced immediate pulpal tissue reaction. ‘Biodentin’ found to be most immediate pulpal tissue reactive (reactive in 100% cases) and ‘Portland Cement’ showed least immediate tissue reaction (only in 30.0% cases). whereas, MTA produced immediate tissue reaction only in 50.0% cases. Immediate pulpal inflammatory reaction in response to tested material found to be statistically significant different between ‘Biodentin’ and ‘Portland cmient’ (p=0.01), also between ‘Biodentin’ and ‘MTA’ and (p=0.001); but there was no statistically significant difference between ‘MTA’ and ‘Portland cement’ (p =0.197). Conclusion: Considering the maximum immediate pulpal tissue reaction (Inflammation), Biodentin is expected to produce most favorable ultimate bioactivity (biomaterial mineralization) after pulp capping. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 108-116

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NLRP6‐caspase 4 inflammasome activation in response to cariogenic bacterial lipoteichoic acid in human dental pulp inflammation

International Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/iej.13469 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

X. Tian ◽

R. Li ◽

C. Liu ◽

F. Liu ◽

L.J. Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Inflammasome Activation ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Human Dental Pulp

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Does hypersensitive teeth show pulp inflammation?

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-86372019000113580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Paraguassú FAGUNDES-DE-SOUZA ◽

Marcelo Henrique NAPIMOGA ◽

Andresa Borges SOARES ◽

Vera Cavalcanti ARAÚJO ◽

Cecilia Pedroso TURSSI

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigated the presence of inflammatory response in the dental pulp of rats showing hypersensitive dentin, induced by erosive episodes. Methods: Sixteen Wistar rats were fed with commercial sucrose-free pellet diet for 12 hours; whereas the food was removed during the remainder of the day, and the animals received mineral water or a lemon-based sucrose-free soft drink, according to the group to which they belonged. Eight animals consumed the soft drink to induce hypersensitivity, while the other 8 animals received mineral water (control). After six weeks, the animals were euthanized, the mandible was removed and subjected to a median incision in the sagittal plane, to obtain right and left hemimandibles. The slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin were analyzed using light microscopy. Results: Histological evaluation of the control and experimental groups revealed no inflammatory process in the pulp tissue, and the presence of inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages, was not observed. In addition, there was no edema or dilated and congested blood vessels. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference (p = 1.000) between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusion: In the animal model used, dentin hypersensitivity does not trigger dental pulp inflammatory response.

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Characterization of p75 neurotrophin receptor expression in human dental pulp stem cells

International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.07.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 90-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wenru Pan ◽

Karlea L. Kremer ◽

Xenia Kaidonis ◽

Victoria E. Ludlow ◽

Mary‐Louise Rogers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Neurotrophin Receptor ◽

P75 Neurotrophin Receptor ◽

Human Dental Pulp

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Neurokinin-1 receptor expression in the mature dental pulp of rats

Archives of Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/s0003-9969(98)00116-2 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 191-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

I Fristad ◽

V Vandevska-Radunovic ◽

I.Hals Kvinnsland

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Neurokinin 1 Receptor ◽

Neurokinin 1

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Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Rat Mandibular Bone Defects

Cells Tissues Organs ◽

10.1159/000502513 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 207 (3-4) ◽

pp. 138-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Rubia Teodoro Stuepp ◽

Priscilla Barros Delben ◽

Filipe Modolo ◽

Andrea Gonçalves Trentin ◽

Ricardo Castilho Garcez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Bone Defects ◽

Treated Group ◽

Dental Pulp Stem Cells ◽

Control Group ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Human Dental Pulp

This study aimed to evaluate the use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects in rats. hDPSCs from permanent teeth were isolated and engrafted in mandibular bone defects in rats for 7, 14, and 28 days; bone defects without cells formed the control group. Samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the regeneration area was measured by the Image J program. Before surgery procedures, the human dental pulp cells were characterized as dental pulp stem cells: fusiform morphology, plastic-adherent; expression of CD105, CD73, and CD90; lack of expression of CD45 and CD34, and differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondroblasts. The results indicated that within 7 days the control group presented a pronounced bone formation when compared with the treated group (p < 0.05). After 14 days, the treated group showed an increase in bone formation, but with no statistical difference among the groups (p > 0.05). In the final evaluated period there was no difference between the control group and the treated group (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between 7 and 14 days (p < 0.05) and between 7 and 28 days (p < 0.05) in the treated group. In conclusion, there is no evidence that the use of hDPSCs in the conditions of this study could improve bone formation in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects.

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Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in endodontics: a narrative review

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01619-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Davy Aubeux ◽

Ove A. Peters ◽

Sepanta Hosseinpour ◽

Solène Tessier ◽

Valérie Geoffroy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Promising Result ◽

Young Patients ◽

Lipid Mediators ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Human Dental Pulp

AbstractEndodontics is the branch of dentistry concerned with the morphology, physiology, and pathology of the human dental pulp and periradicular tissues. Human dental pulp is a highly dynamic tissue equipped with a network of resident immunocompetent cells that play major roles in the defense against pathogens and during tissue injury. However, the efficiency of these mechanisms during dental pulp inflammation (pulpitis) varies due to anatomical and physiological restrictions. Uncontrolled, excessive, or unresolved inflammation can lead to pulp tissue necrosis and subsequent bone infections called apical periodontitis. In most cases, pulpitis treatment consists of total pulp removal. Although this strategy has a good success rate, this treatment has some drawbacks (lack of defense mechanisms, loss of healing capacities, incomplete formation of the root in young patients). In a sizeable number of clinical situations, the decision to perform pulp extirpation and endodontic treatment is justifiable by the lack of therapeutic tools that could otherwise limit the immune/inflammatory process. In the past few decades, many studies have demonstrated that the resolution of acute inflammation is necessary to avoid the development of chronic inflammation and to promote repair or regeneration. This active process is orchestrated by Specialized Pro-resolving lipid Mediators (SPMs), including lipoxins, resolvins, protectins and maresins. Interestingly, SPMs do not have direct anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting or directly blocking this process but can actively reduce neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissues, enhance efferocytosis and bacterial phagocytosis by monocytes and macrophages and simultaneously inhibit inflammatory cytokine production. Experimental clinical application of SPMs has shown promising result in a wide range of inflammatory diseases, such as renal fibrosis, cerebral ischemia, marginal periodontitis, and cancer; the potential of SPMs in endodontic therapy has recently been explored. In this review, our objective was to analyze the involvement and potential use of SPMs in endodontic therapies with an emphasis on SPM delivery systems to effectively administer SPMs into the dental pulp space.

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Inhibition of Carrageenin-induced Dental Inflammatory Responses Owing to Decreasing TRPV1 Activity by Dexmedetomidine

10.21203/rs.2.18613/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gang Lu ◽

Guanhua Zhu ◽

Maohua Xu ◽

Xinggao Ping ◽

Qingfeng Xiao

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Transient Receptor Potential ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dental Pulp Cells ◽

Defensive Role ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Human Dental Pulp ◽

Pulp Cells

Abstract Background : Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective agonist of the α2 adrenergic receptor and a common sedative; however, its anti-inflammatory effect has been studied. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Dex on inflammation in dental pulp cells was assessed. To solve this problem, the effect of Dex on inflammation induced by carrageenan (Car) in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) was studied. Car incubation induced a robust inflammatory response in the hDPCs as well as activation of PKA–STAT3 and PKC–nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathways. Results : Dex could reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NFκB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NFκB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Western blotting results also showed that the phosphorylation level of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) was downregulated owing to Dex treatment. Further, we found that the administration of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (Cap) reversed the effects of Dex on proinflammatory cytokines; however, the expression and activation of PKA–STAT3 and PKC–NFκB signals were not altered owing to Cap administration. Conclusions : These results indicate that Dex exerts a defensive role in dental pulp inflammation by regulating the TRPV1 channel and can be used as a potential target for human dental pulp inflammation intervention.

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