scholarly journals High-Capacity Robust Behavioral Steganography Method Based on Timestamp Modulation across Social Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Xiangyang Luo ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Common Property ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Social Internet Of Things ◽  
High Embedding Capacity ◽  
Interaction Behaviors

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is an emerging field that combines IoT and Internet, which can provide many novel and convenient application scenarios but still faces challenges in data privacy protection. In this paper, we propose a robust behavioral steganography method with high embedding capacity across social networks based on timestamp modulation. Firstly, the IoT devices on the sending end modulate the secret message to be embedded into a timestamp by using the common property on social networks. Secondly, the accounts of multiple social networks are used as the vertices, and the timestamp mapping relationship generated by the interaction behaviors between them is used as the edges to construct a directed secret message graph across social networks. Then, the frequency of interaction behaviors generated by users of mainstream social networks is analyzed; the corresponding timestamps and social networks are used to implement interaction behaviors based on the secret message graph and the frequency of interaction behaviors. Next, we analyze the frequency of interaction behaviors generated by users in mainstream social networks, implement the interaction behaviors according to the secret message graph and the frequency of interaction behaviors in the corresponding timestamps and social networks, and combine the redundant mapping control to complete the embedding of secret message. Finally, the receiver constructs the timestamp mapping relationship through the shared account, key, and other parameters to achieve the extraction of secret message. The algorithm is robust and does not have the problem that existing multimedia-based steganography methods are difficult to extract the embedded messages completely. Compared with existing graph theory-based social network steganography methods, using timestamps and behaviors frequencies to hide message in multiple social networks increases the cost of detecting covert communication and improves concealment of steganography. At the same time, the algorithm uses a directed secret message graph to increase the number of bits carried by each behavior and improves the embedding capacity. A large number of tests have been conducted on mainstream social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, and Weibo. The results show that the proposed method successfully distributes secret message to multiple social networks and achieves complete extraction of embedded message at the receiving end. The embedding capacity is increased by 1.98–4.89 times compared with the existing methods SSN, NGTASS, and SGSIR.

scholarly journals A Novel High-Capacity Behavioral Steganographic Method Combining Timestamp Modulation and Carrier Selection Based on Social Networks

Symmetry ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Mingliang Zhang ◽  
Zhenyu Li ◽  
Pei Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiangyang Luo
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Carrier Selection ◽  
Text Steganography

Behavioral steganography is a method used to achieve covert communication based on the sender’s behaviors. It has attracted a great deal of attention due to its robustness and wide application scenarios. Current behavioral steganographic methods are still difficult to apply in practice because of their limited embedding capacity. To this end, this paper proposes a novel high-capacity behavioral steganographic method combining timestamp modulation and carrier selection based on social networks. It is a steganographic method where the embedding process and the extraction process are symmetric. When sending a secret message, the method first maps the secret message to a set of high-frequency keywords and divides them into keyword subsets. Then, the posts containing the keyword subsets are retrieved on social networks. Next, the positions of the keywords in the posts are modulated as the timestamps. Finally, the stego behaviors applied to the retrieved posts are generated. This method does not modify the content of the carrier, which ensures the naturalness of the posts. Compared with typical behavioral steganographic methods, the embedding capacity of the proposed method is 29.23∼51.47 times higher than that of others. Compared to generative text steganography, the embedding capacity is improved by 16.26∼23.94%.

scholarly journals Efficient Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for AMBTC-Compressed Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6741
Author(s):  
Chia-Chen Lin ◽  
Thai-Son Nguyen ◽  
Chin-Chen Chang ◽  
Wen-Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Absolute Moment ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
High Embedding Capacity ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Efficiency Rate

Reversible data hiding has attracted significant attention from researchers because it can extract an embedded secret message correctly and recover a cover image without distortion. In this paper, a novel, efficient reversible data hiding scheme is proposed for absolute moment block truncation code (AMBTC) compressed images. The proposed scheme is based on the high correlation of neighboring values in two mean tables of AMBTC-compressed images to further losslessly encode these values and create free space for containing a secret message. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme obtained a high embedding capacity and guaranteed the same PSNRs as the traditional AMBTC algorithm. In addition, the proposed scheme achieved a higher embedding capacity and higher efficiency rate than those of some previous schemes while maintaining an acceptable bit rate.

Social Internet of Things in Healthcare

2017 ◽  
pp. 88-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Elena Turcu ◽  
Corneliu Octavian Turcu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Agent Technology ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Collaborative Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Internet Of Things ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Future Vision

This chapter presents a future vision for healthcare, which will involve smart devices, Internet of Things, and social networks, that make this vision a reality. The authors present the necessary background by introducing the Social Internet of Things paradigm. Agent technology seems to be a promising approach in the adoption of the Social Internet of Things in collaborative environments with increased autonomy and agility, like healthcare is. Also, it is examined challenges to the adoption of the Social Internet of Things in healthcare in order to facilitate new applications and services in more effective and efficient ways.

A High Capacity Reversible Data Hiding Scheme Based on Multi-Level Integer DWT and Histogram Modification

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Zhang ◽  
Tie-gang Gao ◽  
Fu-sheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
Wavelet Transformation ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Discrete Cosine Transformation ◽  
Histogram Modification ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
High Embedding Capacity

A reversible data hiding scheme based on integer DWT and histogram modification is proposed. In the scheme, the cover media is firstly transformed by Integer DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transformation); then information is embedded through the modification of histograms of the middle and high frequency sub-bands of the DWT coefficients. In order to increase the embedding capacity, a multi-level scheme is proposed, which achieved both high embedding capacity and reversibility. Extensive experimental results have shown that the proposed scheme achieves both higher embedding capacity and lower distortion than spatial domain histogram modification based schemes; and it achieved better performance than integer DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation) based histogram modification scheme.

A High-Capacity Covering Code for Voice-Over-IP Steganography

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-63
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Jie Qin ◽  
Yongfeng Huang ◽  
Xu An Wang ◽  
Jin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Voice Over Ip ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Covering Code ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Embedding Distortion

Although steganographic transparency and embedding capacity are considered to be two conflicting objectives in the design of steganographic systems, it is possible and necessary to strike a good balance between them in Voice-over-IP steganography. In this paper, to improve steganographic transparency while maintaining relatively large embedding capacity, the authors present a (2n-1, 2n) covering code, which can hide 2n-1 bits of secret messages into 2n bits of cover messages with not more than n-bit changed. Specifically, each (2n-1)-bit secret message is first transformed into two 2n-bit candidate codewords. In embedding process, the cover message is replaced with the optimal codeword more similar with it. In this way, the embedding distortion can be largely reduced. The proposed method is evaluated by comparing with existing ones with a large number of ITU-T G.729a encoded speech samples. The experimental results show that the authors' scheme can provide good performance on both steganographic transparency and embedding capacity, and achieve better balance between the two objectives than the existing ones.

Block-Based High Capacity Multilevel Image Steganography

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1650091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Kasana ◽  
Kulbir Singh ◽  
Satvinder Singh Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Block Based ◽  
High Embedding Capacity

This paper proposes a block-based high capacity steganography technique for digital images. The cover image is decomposed into blocks of equal size and the largest pixel of each block is found to embed the secret data bits and also the smallest pixel of each block is used for embedding to enhance the capacity. Embedding of secret data is performed using the concept that the pixel of a cover image has only two states — even and odd. Multilevel approach is also combined in the proposed technique to achieve high embedding capacity. In order to make the proposed technique more secure, a key is generated using embedding levels, block size, pixel embedding way, encryption parameters, and starting blocks of each embedding levels. Embedding capacity and visual quality of stego images generated by the proposed steganography technique are higher than the existing techniques. Steganalysis tests have been performed to show the un-detectability and imperceptibility of the proposed technique.

scholarly journals Towards a Social Internet of Things Enabled Framework for Supply Community Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mohamed Omar ◽  
Paul Mason
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Matlab Simulation ◽  
Community Network ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Social Internet Of Things ◽  
Autonomous Objects ◽  
A Chain

Social Internet of Things (SIoT) is one of several emerging internet paradigms, signaling the inevitable fusion of Internet of Things with Social Networks. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of applying an existing SIoT framework to Supply Community Networks (SCN). a term we use to describe the changing pattern of supply chains whose morphology continues to evolve from traditional linear continuums, into ostensibly mesh-like structures. Specifically, we identify an appropriate SIoT architecture from current literature which was used as a basis for realizing the notion of SCN, where in this case the ‘members’ are autonomous objects (Supply Community Agents, or SCA) working on behalf of member organizations (suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, etc.) and whose generic object architecture we extended by specifying interfaces to various member functions that all such agents must possess to engage in the exchange of goods/services information and remittance one would expect whether part of a chain or as here, a network (or networks). We substantiate our claims of feasibility using stochastic MATLAB simulation of a baked-goods SCN scenario. Results showed that the modified SIoT framework exhibited the flexibility required by SCAs when operating as part of a Supply Community Network so that they can effectively discharge their responsibilities in delivering the services needed by other member agents of a SCN.

scholarly journals Information Hiding Based on Histogram and Pixel Pattern

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Moesriami Barmawi ◽  
Deden Pradeka
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Image Histogram ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
Value Changes

Recently, information exchange using internet is increasing, such that information security is necessary for securing confidential information because it is possible to eavesdrop the information. There are several methods for securing the exchanged information such as was proposed by Rejani et al. Rejani’s method can be noiseless in low capacity but noisy in high capacity. In the case of high capacity, it will raise suspicion. This research proposed a method based on histogram and pixel pattern for keeping the stego image noiseless while still keeping the capacity high. Secret information can be embedded into the cover by evaluating the histogram and map the characters used in the secret message to the consecutive intensity in the cover image histogram. The map of the characters is sent to the recipient securely. Using the proposed method there is no pixel value changes during the embedding process. Based on the result of the experiments, it is shown that in noiseless condition, the proposed method has higher embedding capacity than Rejani’s especially when using cover image with sizes larger than 128 × 128. Thus, in noiseless condition the embedding capacity using the proposed method is higher than Rejani’s method in noiseless condition.  

scholarly journals Reversible Data Hiding in Encrypted Color Halftone Images with High Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Sun ◽  
Bin Yan ◽  
Jeng-Shyang Pan ◽  
Hong-Mei Yang ◽  
Na Chen
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Reversible Data Hiding ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Continuous Tone ◽  
High Embedding Capacity ◽  
Halftone Images

In recent years, reversible data hiding (RDH) has become a research hotspot in the field of multimedia security that has aroused more and more researchers’ attention. Most of the existing RDH algorithms are aiming at continuous-tone images. For RDH in encrypted halftone images (RDH-EH), the original cover image cannot be recovered losslessly after the watermark is extracted. For some application scenarios such as medical or military images sharing, reversibility is critical. In this paper, a reversible data hiding scheme in encrypted color halftone images (RDH-ECH) is proposed. In the watermark embedding procedure, the cover image is copied into two identical images to increase redundancy. We use wet paper code to embed the watermark into the image blocks. Thus, the receiver only needs to process the image blocks by the check matrices in order to extract the watermarks. To increase embedding capacity, we embed three layers in the embedding procedure and combine the resulting images into one image for convenience of transmission. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the original image can be restored entirely after the watermarks are extracted. Besides, for marked color halftone images, our algorithm can implement high embedding capacity and moderate visual quality.

scholarly journals Steganography in Color Animated Image Sequence for Secret Data Sharing Using Secure Hash Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratan Kumar Basak ◽  
Ritam Chatterjee ◽  
Paramartha Dutta ◽  
Kousik Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Secret Information ◽  
Hash Algorithm ◽  
Secure Hash Algorithm ◽  
High Embedding Capacity ◽  
Validation Scheme

Abstract This paper presents a high capacity steganographic approach with secret message validation scheme at the receiver end. The proposed idea develops specifically for animated GIF, the cover media, to conceal secret text messages where Least Significant Digit (LSD) method is employed to embed secret information in the form of ASCII value. To validate the secret information at the receiver end, the secret text is encoded with Secure Hash Algorithm-1(SHA1) which is subsequently embedded in certain pre-defined portion of the cover media. The proposed algorithm is experimented on a large set of colored animated image sequences by varying text messages which produces satisfactory results. The proposed method also maintains good visual perceptibility while securing high embedding capacity

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document