scholarly journals COVID-19-Related Pneumonia in an Adolescent Patient with Allergic Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Öner Özdemir ◽  
Muhammet Mesut Nezir Engin ◽  
Emine Aylin Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Asthma Control ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Asthma Patient ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Airway Infection

Background. The latest coronavirus infection due to SARS-CoV-2, which started in China in December 2019, was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. All epidemiological data so far show us that SARS-CoV-2 infection is less serious in children than in adults. Allergic asthma, the most common chronic disease in children, is usually not to be related to greater risk or severity for COVID-19 in pediatric populations. Although reports/research on asthma and COVID-19 in children have thus far been comforting, when coming across an asthma patient with any lower airway infection, attention should be given to evaluate their asthma control level and the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Case Report. Here, we report a rare adolescent case of COVID-19-related pneumonia development with underlying asthma. A 16-year-old male patient has been followed up by the pediatric allergy outpatient clinic with the diagnosis of asthma for the last 5 years. He was thought to have typical clinical and laboratory findings for SARS-CoV-2 infection combined with underlying pediatric (allergic) asthma. Pulmonary CT showed findings consistent with COVID-19-related pneumonia. He was discharged after 1 week when all his complaints regressed, his examination became normal, and 5-day favipiravir treatment was completed. Conclusion. When a physician comes across an asthma patient with any lower airway infection, attention should be given to evaluate their asthma control level and possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals The importance of serological and molecular analyses for the diagnosis of measles cases and for meeting elimination targets in Turkey from 2007 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Cosgun ◽  
Dilek Guldemir ◽  
Aslihan Coskun ◽  
Sultan Yolbakan ◽  
Atila Taner Kalaycioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
European Region ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Genotypic Analysis ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractMeasles is an important childhood infection targeted to be eliminated by the World Health Organization (WHO). Virus circulation has not been interrupted in the European Region because high vaccination rates could not be achieved among some countries of the WHO European Region including Turkey. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laboratory findings of measles cases confirmed in the last nine years, to assess the epidemiological data of the cases, to determine the molecular genotyping studies and to emphasise the importance of laboratory-based surveillance in measles. From 2007 to 2010, only 18 imported cases were detected in Turkey. However, this number increased with a local outbreak of 111 cases in 2011, followed by another outbreak in 2012 in Istanbul that spread countrywide in the following two years; a total of 8661 laboratory-confirmed measles cases were reported from 2012 to 2015. After ELISA detection of a measles IgM-positive result in serum samples of potential measles cases, RT–PCR was performed with urine or nasopharyngeal swab samples of patients, and amplicons were subjected to sequencing. In the samples of 2010 and 2011, D4 and D9 genotypes were mainly detected; as of 2012, the D8 genotype has gained importance. Although D8 was also identified in 2014, in the same year genotype H1 viruses were detected in Turkey for the first time. Therefore, it is important to perform a genotypic analysis of the virus causing the outbreak, analyse epidemiological connections of the contact, determine the source of the outbreak and plan measures based on this information.

scholarly journals Previous Humoral Immunity to the Endemic Seasonal Alphacoronaviruses NL63 and 229E Is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 and Suggests Original Antigenic Sin

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Daniele Focosi ◽  
Angelo Genoni ◽  
Ersilia Lucenteforte ◽  
Silvia Tillati ◽  
Antonio Tamborini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Cellular And Humoral Immunity ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Original Antigenic Sin

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) infection has been hypothesized. However, to date, there has been no in vitro or in vivo evidence supporting this. Cross-reactivity exists between SARS CoV-2 and other Coronaviridae for both cellular and humoral immunity. We show here that IgG against nucleocapsid protein of alphacoronavirus NL63 and 229E correlate with the World Health Organization’s (WHO) clinical severity score ≥ 5 (incidence rate ratios was 1.87 and 1.80, respectively, and 1.94 for the combination). These laboratory findings suggest possible ADE of SARS CoV-2 infection by previous alphacoronavirus immunity.

Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M Burkle ◽  
Christopher M Burkle
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
International Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)

Mesangial lupus nephritis with associated nephrotic syndrome.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1199-1204
Author(s):  
N Stankeviciute ◽  
W Jao ◽  
A Bakir ◽  
J P Lash
Keyword(s):  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Tool ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Glomerular Lesion ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Lupus Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Nephrotic Range Proteinuria

Patients with mesangial proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis (World Health Organization class II) are generally believed to have only mild to moderate proteinuria and normal renal function. However, there have been several reports of patients with mesangial lupus with nephrotic-range proteinuria. In this report, we present two additional cases and review the literature. Of seven reported cases, persistent nephrotic syndrome was observed in four, morphologic transformation occurred in three, and all but one presented with varying degrees of azotemia. These cases reinforce the concept that in systemic lupus erythematosus, laboratory findings may not correlate well with the underlying glomerular lesion, and therefore, the renal biopsy is an essential clinical tool in the approach to lupus nephritis.

scholarly journals Potential of Immunoglobulin A to Prevent Allergic Asthma

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk K. Gloudemans ◽  
Bart N. Lambrecht ◽  
Hermelijn H. Smits
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Th2 Cells ◽  
Lower Airway

Allergic asthma is characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, a defective barrier function, and eosinophilic lower airway inflammation in response to allergens. The inflammation is dominated by Th2 cells and IgE molecules and supplemented with Th17 cells in severe asthma. In contrast, in healthy individuals, allergen-specific IgA and IgG4 molecules are found but no IgE, and their T cells fail to proliferate in response to allergens, probably because of the development of regulatory processes that actively suppress responses to allergens. The presence of allergen-specific secretory IgA has drawn little attention so far, although a few epidemiological studies point at a reverse association between IgA levels and the incidence of allergic airway disease. This review highlights the latest literature on the role of mucosal IgA in protection against allergic airway disease, the mechanisms described to induce secretory IgA, and the role of (mucosal) dendritic cells in this process. Finally, we discuss how this information can be used to translate into the development of new therapies for allergic diseases based on, or supplemented with, IgA boosting strategies.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Teaching Hospital in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1059-1065
Author(s):  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
Norzehan Fatimah Mohd Ali ◽  
Azmawati Mohammed Nawi ◽  
Mohd Rohaizat Hassan ◽  
Azimatun Noor Aizuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Radiological Investigation ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Introduction: Information on the clinical characteristics of local patients with confirmed COVID-19 is limited. This study aims to report the clinical characteristics of 147 patients admitted and receiving treatment at a teaching hospital. Methodology: Patients’ socio-demographic and epidemiological data, clinical features, laboratory findings and clinical outcomes were extracted using a data sheet. Results: The median patient age was 25 [interquartile range (IQR)] 20–44) years, and most of patients were male (68.7%) and of Malaysian nationality (88.4%). Almost half of the patients were from a case cluster related to a religious event (48.3%) and 12.9% had a history of overseas travel. A total of 33.3% of patients were not related to any case cluster, i.e. sporadic cases. Radiological investigation showed that 13.6% of the patients had chest X-ray changes and all laboratory parameters were within the normal ranges. Sixty-six patients (44.9%) experienced symptoms. The most common symptoms were rhinitis (66.7%), followed by fever (19.7%) and cough (15.2%). Age, gender, case cluster, comorbidity status, haemoglobin, albumin, total protein, bilirubin total and alkaline phosphatase level were associated with symptomatic status. Conclusions: In this single-centre study, COVID-19 infection led not only to case clusters, but also to sporadic infections, with patients being either symptomatic or asymptomatic. These sporadic cases and asymptomatic patients may hamper effective contact tracing, leading to rapid human-to-human transmission in our population. Future studies on the prevalence and clinical significance of asymptomatic and presymptomatic COVID-19 patients would pre-emptively address issues on further containment of the pandemic.

Abstract 207: Burden of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) on Economic Cost. Comparison of Outcomes in US and Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Giedrimiene ◽  
Rachel King
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
World Health ◽  
Productivity Costs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Uk

CVD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, responsible for nearly a third of all deaths. In US, 85.6 million Americans are living with CVD, including 15.5 million with coronary heart disease (CHD). Heart disease (HD) specifically is responsible for approximately one in every seven American deaths, taking 370,213 lives per year. Perhaps even more striking than CHD’s mortality is its preventability. The CDC estimates that 34% of deaths caused by HD could potentially be prevented with modifiable risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, smoking, poor diet, and sedentary lifestyle. By comparing the mortality of CVD and CHD in the US, Europe, and the United Kingdom (UK), we aim to gain a better understanding of the CVD burden and economic cost. Methods: We conducted a literature review of the most recent epidemiological data for US, Europe, and UK to compare mortality due to CVD and CHD between these three regions. Data sources for US include the AHA and CDC. Data for Europe was obtained from the European Society of Cardiology, following the World Health Organization’s definition of 53 states as the European region. The UK is included as it was considered independently in this study. Data for the UK was published by the British Heart Foundation. Results: The comparison of data shows that high mortality is evident in all represented countries and regions with a highest percent of CVD of total deaths in Europe as compared to US (45% vs 30.8%) and CHD (20% vs 14.2%). Very similar findings according annual mortality are evident comparing US to UK for CVD (30.8% vs 28%) and for CHD (14.2% vs 13%). The treatment for CVD is increasing over time, with prescriptions and operations costs around 6.8 billion in England, the majority spend on secondary care. CDC data in US show that Americans suffer 1.5 million heart attacks and strokes each year, which contributes more than $320 billion in annual healthcare costs and lost productivity. By 2030, this cost is projected to rise to $818 billion, while lost productivity costs to $275 billion. Conclusions: Although there is some variation between Europe as a group of 53 countries compared to the US and UK, it is clear that CVD has a major impact on mortality in all three regions studied. Improved prevention of CVD, including heart disease, has the potential to save lives around the globe and to reduce economic burden.

scholarly journals Multi-model forecasts of the ongoing Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of Congo, March–October 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (169) ◽  
pp. 20200447
Author(s):  
Kimberlyn Roosa ◽  
Amna Tariq ◽  
Ping Yan ◽  
James M. Hyman ◽  
Gerardo Chowell
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Richards Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Model Approach

The 2018–2020 Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the first to occur in an armed conflict zone. The resulting impact on population movement, treatment centres and surveillance has created an unprecedented challenge for real-time epidemic forecasting. Most standard mathematical models cannot capture the observed incidence trajectory when it deviates from a traditional epidemic logistic curve. We fit seven dynamic models of increasing complexity to the incidence data published in the World Health Organization Situation Reports, after adjusting for reporting delays. These models include a simple logistic model, a Richards model, an endemic Richards model, a double logistic growth model, a multi-model approach and two sub-epidemic models. We analyse model fit to the data and compare real-time forecasts throughout the ongoing epidemic across 29 weeks from 11 March to 23 September 2019. We observe that the modest extensions presented allow for capturing a wide range of epidemic behaviour. The multi-model approach yields the most reliable forecasts on average for this application, and the presented extensions improve model flexibility and forecasting accuracy, even in the context of limited epidemiological data.

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