scholarly journals Positioning of the Moving and Static Contacts of the Switch Machine Based on Double-Layer Mask R-CNN

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Yin ◽  
Zhaomin Lv ◽  
Xingjie Chen ◽  
Kun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Double Layer ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Contact Depth ◽  
Moving Contact ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Low Efficiency

With the continuous development of rail transit, the maintenance of the switch machine becomes more and more important, and the contact depth of the moving contact and static contact in the switch machine is a key part of it. At present, the manual measurement method is the main measure of contact depth, which has the problems of low efficiency and strong subjectivity. The measurement of contact depth based on machine vision includes two steps: moving and static contact positioning and distance conversion. The positioning result will have an important impact on distance measurement. Therefore, a positioning method for moving and static contact based on double-layer Mask R-CNN (DLM) is proposed in this paper: first, the moving contact is roughly positioned by Mask R-CNN to obtain the predicted target area; second, the subgraph of the target area is preprocessed; finally, the precise positioning is used to determine the precise position of the moving and static contact. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed DLM are verified by the internal image of the switch machine.

scholarly journals THE FRACTAL STATISTICAL MODEL OF TRANSREGIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL E-COMMERCE ENTERPRISES SUPPLY CHAIN SEQUENCE

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 2040022
Author(s):  
QIAN ZHU ◽  
HAN ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Equivalent Model ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Chain Sequence ◽  
Low Efficiency

With the rapid development of world trade exchange, transnational and cross regional e-commerce enterprises have become the heat conductor of trade exchanges among people, organizations and related enterprises of all countries, as well as the important content of high-quality economic development of all countries. Multi-national and transregional e-commerce enterprises have the characteristics of simple circulation structure, simplified transaction cost, high efficiency and rapid evolution in economic and trade activities. However, the traditional transnational and transregional e-commerce enterprises have the disadvantages of slow development and low efficiency in the supply chain. At the same time, there are still many uncertain factors in the corresponding decision sequence. In this paper, the risks faced by cross-border e-commerce supply chain will be comprehensively analyzed and studied. At the same time, the decision-making problem of cross-border e-commerce supply chain sequence will be studied innovatively from two aspects of random uncertainty and fuzzy uncertainty, and a double-layer random expectation model will be established to form a fractal statistical model of supply chain sequence. In this paper, two kinds of sequential strategies are discussed in detail, and a double-layer fuzzy equivalent model is established. Finally, the model is solved by optimization software. The experimental results show that the fractal fractional optimization model proposed in this paper has advantages for the supply chain optimization of multi-national and cross regional e-commerce enterprises.

On the Boundary Condition for the Level Set Function in the Numerical Simulation of Moving Contact Lines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Gómez ◽  
Adolfo Esteban ◽  
Claudio Zanzi ◽  
Joaquín López ◽  
Julio Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Condition ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Solid Wall ◽  
Interfacial Flows ◽  
Moving Contact ◽  
Level Set Function ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Set Function

Abstract We present a method based on a level set formulation to reproduce the behavior of the contact line on solid walls in the simulation of 3D unsteady interfacial flows characterized by large density ratios. The level set method poses a particular difficulty, related to the reinitialization procedure, when used in the simulation of interfacial flows in which the interface intersects a solid wall, due to the appearance of a blind zone where standard reinitialization procedures produce inconsistent results. The proposed method overcomes this difficulty by introducing a boundary condition for the level set function on the solid surface based on the normal extension of the contact angle from the interface along the solid wall. In order to reproduce the dynamics of the contact line we use a simplified model that imposes a boundary condition on the interface curvature based on the static contact angle, and define a thin slip zone at the solid wall around the contact line. To assess the accuracy and robustness of the proposed method, we conducted several preliminary numerical tests in three dimensions, whose results are compared with analytical solutions and other results available in the literature.

scholarly journals A New Automatic Foot Arch Index Measurement Method Based on a Flexible Membrane Pressure Sensor

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2892
Author(s):  
Tao Zheng ◽  
Zhiyong Yu ◽  
Jin Wang ◽  
Guodong Lu
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Flexible Membrane ◽  
Index Measurement ◽  
Pressure Area ◽  
Foot Arch ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
Element Association

The foot arch index is an important index to evaluate the health of human feet and the biomechanics line, aiming at addressing the shortcomings of the low efficiency and slow speed of manual foot arch index measurement; in this work, an automatic foot arch index measurement method based on a flexible membrane pressure sensor was proposed. The distribution of plantar pressure data was obtained from the flexible membrane pressure sensor and converted into a digital image. The 8-neighborhood correlation pixel method was proposed to remove the interference of isolated noise points. In order to remove the toes’ data without affecting the foot sole data, the row element association algorithm was proposed. The front and back endpoints of the foot were automatically located to obtain the foot length, and the foot arch index was also automatically obtained based on the foot arch pressure area. Whether it was a high arch foot, flat foot or normal foot, the method proposed in this paper could accurately and quickly distinguish them. The prototype was developed, and its feasibility and validity were verified by a series of tests.

Analysis and Optimization of the Body Measurement Program Supporting the Clothing Ergonomics

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 443-446
Author(s):  
Bin Cao ◽  
Xiao Mei Shang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Body Measurement ◽  
Adaptive Analysis ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Times

The manual body measurement method is one of the main methods for clothing enterprises to collect the body measure data for garment at present. Because there are some problems in the current measurement method, for instance, the less consideration in the clothing Ergonomics, low efficiency and poor accuracy of the data, the adjustment of the measurement process is systematical proposed, respectively from the aspects of the measurement environment, the friendliness to the measured people, the measurers' workload and the rationality of the measurement parts. And the different measurement processes' applicability in various uses is analysed. The pre-measurement, measurement and post-measurement' environment is improved. Concerning the mental endurance of the measured people, their times of changing positions during the measurement is reduced. The times of the measurers and the tools' move during the measurement is minimized. The shared points' use of the different measurement parts is adjusted. The emphasis of this paper is to prove the measurement methods in the different uses through the time and the data obtained from the experiments of the optimized measurement methods, and gives an adaptive analysis of the amended methods to achieve the purpose of optimizing the corresponding applications.

Parallelism Measurement System of Porous Parts Based on Computer Vision

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 1508-1511
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhen Guan ◽  
Yu Jun Yin ◽  
Xiao Chun Yin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Distortion Correction ◽  
Edge Extraction ◽  
Image Preprocessing ◽  
Computer Vision Technology ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Geometric Measurement

Aiming at the problem of low accuracy, low efficiency in the parallelism measurement of porous workpiece, this paper proposes a parallelism measurement method based on computer vision technology. The images of both ends of the workpiece are acquired, after camera calibration, image distortion correction, two sides coordinate unification, filtering, edge extraction, circle calculation and a series of image preprocessing, parallelism can be calculated. The experiment shows that this method has high precision, high efficiency and it is simple to operate, it provides a new way for geometric measurement.

Novel Fine Positioning Method for Hydraulic Drives Utilizing On/Off-Valves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Huova ◽  
Matti Linjama ◽  
Lauri Siivonen ◽  
Till Deubel ◽  
Heino Försterling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Modulus ◽  
Position Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Hydraulic Drive ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Pulse Code Modulation ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Precise Position ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Piston Position

This paper studies a novel on/off-valve-based fine positioning method for hydraulic drives. The method proposed utilizes four on/off-valves in independent metering configuration to reach good positioning accuracy and low power losses. Previously, servo valves have been used in precise position control of hydraulic double acting cylinders. Another approach uses on/off-valves, which are typically driven by using pulse width modulation (PWM) or, if there are parallel connected valves, pulse code modulation (PCM). Typically, both cylinder sides are modulated simultaneously. The new concept proposed uses a cylinder model to calculate a correct opening sequence for the on/off-valves, such that the target piston position is reached. The method proposed modulates single cylinder side at a time in order to achieve small piston position step sizes. Despite relying on the modelled compressibility of the fluid, the method presented requires no knowledge about the bulk modulus of the fluid. It is enough that the bulk modulus of the fluid in both cylinder chambers can be assumed equal. The paper includes the design of the control method, a simulation study proving the validity of the method, and an experimental part investigating the performance in practice. The experimental results show a positioning accuracy of +/− 1 μm with an on/off-valve-based hydraulic drive, the maximum velocity of which is 0.7 m/s.

scholarly journals Capillary damping of inviscid surface waves in a circular cylinder

2009 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. KIDAMBI
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Circular Cylinder ◽  
Surface Waves ◽  
Contact Line ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Edge Condition ◽  
Complex Frequency ◽  
Moving Contact Line ◽  
Moving Contact ◽  
Static Contact

We consider the effect of a wetting condition at the moving contact line on the frequency and damping of surface waves on an inviscid liquid in a circular cylinder. The velocity potential φ and the free surface elevation η are sought as complex eigenfunction expansions. The φ eigenvalues are the classical ones whereas the η eigenvalues are unknown and have to be computed so as to satisfy the wetting condition on the contact line and the other free surface conditions – these turn out to be complex in general. A projection of the latter conditions on to an appropriate basis leads to an eigenvalue problem, for the complex frequency Ω, which has to be solved iteratively with the wetting condition. The variation of Ω with liquid depth h, Bond number Bo, capillary coefficient λ and static contact angle θc0 is explored for the (1, 0),(2, 0),(0, 1),(3, 0) and (4, 0) modes. The damping vanishes for λ = 0 (pinned-end edge condition) and λ = ∞ (free-end edge condition) with a maximum in the interior while the frequency decreases with increasing λ, approaching limiting values at the endpoints. A comparison with the analytic results of Miles (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 222, 1991, p. 197) for the no-meniscus case and the experimental results of Cocciaro, Faetti, & Festa (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 246, 1993, p. 43), where a meniscus is present, is good. The study provides a simple procedure for calculating the inviscid capillary damping associated with the moving contact line in a circular cylinder of finite depth with meniscus effects also being considered.

scholarly journals Cobb Angle Measurement Method of Scoliosis Based on U-net Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Li Cui ◽  
De-Dong Gao ◽  
Sheng-Jun Shen ◽  
Lin-Ze Wang ◽  
Yan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Cobb Angle ◽  
Measurement Method ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Corner Detection ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Corner Points ◽  
Cobb Angle Measurement ◽  
Convex Hull Algorithm

Abstract The Cobb angle is an important indicator for judging the severity of scoliosis. However, the segmentation and corner marking methods based on deep learning have problems such as target area segmentation and corner detection blur in the X-ray Cobb angle measurement. In this paper, a new convex hull algorithm to detect the corners and a mask generation strategy are proposed to improve the accuracy of Cobb angle recognition. On this basis, the Cobb angle measurement method is presented to identify and segment the target area based on U-net network, and then combine the new convex hull algorithm to detect corners and mask generation strategies. A total of 68 corner points were marked on 17 vertebrae, and the corner points detected by the markers were used to calculate the Cobb angle. The experimental results have proved that the U-net based measurement method could effectively improve the corner detection accuracy on the basis of segmentation, thereby reducing the calculation error of the Cobb angle. The Cobb mean absolute error (AMAE) is 9.2832°, and the symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) is 21.675%, which achieved a relatively good result compared with the measurement by professional orthopaedist in error.

scholarly journals REAL-TIME DRONE MAPPING BASED ON REFERENCE IMAGES FOR VEHICLE FACILITY MONITORING

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
H. Kim ◽  
S. Ham ◽  
I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
Target Area ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Reference Images ◽  
Processing Accuracy ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Current Monitoring ◽  
Human Injury

Abstract. Facilities such as road, parking lots play an important role in our lives nowadays. Damage to such a vehicle facility can cause human injury, as well as inconvenience and cost. To prevent this, facility monitoring is performed periodically, but the current monitoring method is low efficiency by blocking the facility or performing it late at night. In order to increase the efficiency of monitoring, research using images, especially drone images, was conducted. However, when using a drone image, there is a trade-off relationship between accuracy and processing time. In this study, we propose a real-time drone mapping based on reference images for efficient vehicle facility monitoring. The real-time drone mapping based on the reference image is composed of reference images build, aerial triangulation (AT) based on reference images (refAT), and orthophoto generation. The refAT refers to a method of performing AT by using a reference images as reference data. We compared the processing time and processing accuracy of direct georeferencing and refAT. We built 154 drone reference images in the target area. The refAT showed a processing time of about 8.95 seconds and an accuracy of 3.4 cm, and the direct georeferencing method showed a processing time of about 1.49 seconds and an accuracy of 22.5 m. If the method of this study is used for facility monitoring, it is expected that the efficiency of monitoring will be improved with speed and accuracy.

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