The Use of BT-ESD Technology under General Intravenous Anesthesia in the Treatment of Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer and the Effect of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway on Tumor Recurrence

Objective. The objective is to investigate the effect of minimally invasive treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by transurethral endoscopic submucosal dissection of bladder tumor (BT-ESD) under general intravenous anesthesia and the expression of Akt in NMIBC and to study the effect of upregulation of intracellular phosphatidylinositol kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) on tumor recurrence. Method. 130 patients with NMIBC were selected as the research subjects, including 101 males and 29 females. The patients were divided into transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) group, BT-ESD learning group A (early 20 cases of chief surgeon), and BT-ESD learning group B (follow-up cases of the chief surgeon). The general information (male and female prevalence ratio and average age), operation duration, postoperative bladder irrigation duration, postoperative indwelling catheter time, postoperative hospitalization time, and postoperative complications were compared among the patients in all groups. The normal bladder tissues and pathological tissues of NMIBC patients were stained by immunohistochemistry. Results. No significant difference is identified in age among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ), but there are significant differences in the operation duration, postoperative bladder irrigation time, postoperative indwelling catheter time, and postoperative hospital stay ( P > 0.05 ). At the same time, compared with BT-ESD group A and BT-ESD group B, the number of postoperative complications in TURBT group is statistically different ( P < 0.05 ). Akt has a strong positive expression in the nucleus of patients, which indicates that Akt activated by cellular PI3K will form the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and reduce the recurrence rate of bladder tumor.

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Comparison of Endoscopic Versus Percutaneous Approach (Blind) to Control the Obturator Jerk in Patients Undergoing Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumors Under Spinal Anesthesia

Bangladesh Journal of Urology ◽

10.3329/bju.v21i2.49885 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 120-126

Author(s):

Alamgir Md ◽

Karim Km Monwarul ◽

Nandy SP ◽

Md Monwar Ul Haque ◽

Sakhawat Mahmud Khan

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Bladder Tumor ◽

Complete Resection ◽

Satisfaction Level ◽

Bladder Tumors ◽

Percutaneous Approach ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective: The aim of the study was to compare the endoscopic versus percutaneous approach (blind) to control the obturator jerk in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumors under spinal anesthesia. Materials and methods: A prospective observational study was performed in Department of Urology, Chittagong Medical College, Chittagong and some Private Hospitals (Ltd.) in Chittagong city during the period from January 2016 to June 2016. Total 100 patients were grouped into two, on alternate basis. Fifty(50) patients in group- A conducted with endoscopic infiltration with 20ml of injection 2% lignocaine at the bladder tumor base and another 50 patients in group-B, conducted with blind percutaneous technique with same drug and volume ( 20ml inj.2% lignocaine) to control obturator jerk. Severity of obturator jerk in both procedure, percentage of complete resection, ONB procedure related time, ONB procedure related complications and surgeon’s satisfaction level were recorded and compared between two approaches. Chi-square analysis was performed to compare the ease of approach and outcome of the two techniques. A value of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the patients were 59.44+7.681. In group-A, 50 patients were given inj. 2% lignocaine endoscopically at the bladder tumor base to control obturator jerk. Twenty five patients (50%) had no jerk, 20 patients(40%) developed mild jerk and 5 patients (10%) developed moderate jerk and no patients developed severe jerk. Second attempt was taken in moderate jerk patients (5 patients) and succeeded in 3(6%) patients. So, in this group, complete resection of bladder tumor was possible in 96%. In group B, complete resection of bladder tumor was possible in 84%. Statistical analysis was done and result is significant in case of endoscopic procedure to control obturator jerk(p<0.05). ONB Procedure related time was <20 mins. in 32(64%) patients in group-A and 45 (90%) patients in group- B. 20 mins. or more time was required for 18 (36%) patients in group-A and 5 (10%) patients in group-B. Statistical analysis was done and result is significant in percutaneous (blind) technique (p<0.05). ONB procedure related complications in group-A and Group –B were noted. Statistical analysis was done and result is insignificant (p>0.05). Surgeons satisfaction level were recorded on the basis of obturator jerk block and complete resection and which was statistically significant in favour of endoscopy group (p<0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that endoscopic injection of 2% lignocaine into the bladder tumor base is better in case of jerk elimination and complete resection than blind percutaneous approach. Though, ONB procedure related time was significantly less in percutaneous group. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.120-126

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Mathieu repair in distal penile hypospadias with or without stent

Annals of King Edward Medical University ◽

10.21649/akemu.v11i4.1096 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sajid Hameed Dar ◽

Nabila Talat ◽

Muhammad Afzal Sheikh

Keyword(s):

Urinary Retention ◽

Major Complication ◽

First Trimester ◽

Paediatric Surgery ◽

Chi Square ◽

Indwelling Catheter ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Complications Rate

Objective: To compare the outcome of two techniques for repair of distal penile hypospadias: Mathieu`s repair with and without stent. Study Design: Prospective observational descriptive study. Place and duration: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore from September 2000 to September 2002. Material and methods: Sixty boys were randomly assigned the two groups of thirty boys each. Detailed scrutiny of procedure done and analyses of the clinical outcome made prospectively. Results: A total of sixty patients were treated in two separate groups. All the boys had Mathieu`s repair done for distal hypospadias. In group A stent/ indwelling catheter was used for 7-8 days while in group B no stent was used. Stratification was done using Chi square test. Median age was 4 years and most of them belonged to low socioeconomic class (61.6%). A high percentage (48.3% were born to mothers of age ranging from 30-40 years. Sixteen (26.66%) patients had a family history of hypospadias. Only twelve mothers (2 0%) gave a positive history of drug intake in first trimester. Sixteen (26.66%) patients had associated anomalies of undescended testis / inguinal hernia. Twenty four (40%) patients were brought because of the abnormal appearance of the child`s penis while their stream (21.66%) and dysuria (25%) were presenting complaints of two other major groups. Mathieu`s repair was done in all cases with group A. Thirty boys (50%) having a stent post operatively and the group B thirty boys (50%) were without stent. Total complications rate is 46.66% with group a showing eight cases (26.66%) and group B having twenty (66.66%) cases with compliec. Major complication in group B was urinary retention in eleven cases (36.66%) while no patient had retention in group A. overall twenty six (86.66%) in group A and twenty one (70%) in group B showed satisfactory results. Conclusion: Mathieu`s repair without stent has been advantage of shorter hospital stay but a fair proportion of patients (36.66%) having urinary retention calls for further studies on a larger scale.

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Comparison of Balanced General and Total Intravenous Anaesthesia for Gasser Ganglion Percutaneous Balloon Microcompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia

10.47363/jsar/2021(2)121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Patricia Heise ◽

◽

Marcos Baabor ◽

Claudia Marin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽

General Anaesthesia ◽

Total Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽

Intravenous Anesthesia ◽

Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽

Percutaneous Balloon ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

To Receive

Objective: To compare the effectiveness between balanced general anaesthesia and total intravenous anaesthesia for the hemodynamic control of patients undergoing percutaneous balloon microcompression of the Gasser’s ganglion in trigeminal neuralgia. Patients and methods: A retrospective trial was conducted in thirty patients with the diagnosis of essential trigeminal neuralgia, aged 37 to 82 years old, ASA I and II. The participants were randomly allocated in two groups: Group A, to receive balanced general anaesthesia (BGA) with isoflurane/fentanyl, or Group B, to receive total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with propofol/remifentanil. The systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and oximetry were measured at basal state, entrance to Meckel’s cavum and during the balloon compression. Statistical analysis with the Student T test for continuous quantitative variables and x2 (Chi square) for qualitative variables was performed. Results: The systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in group A at the moment of greatest stimulation. The technique propofol/remifentanil (group B) obtained better hemodynamic control and its management was easier. The incidence of bradycardia was similar in both groups and kept inverse relation with use of previous atropine. Conclusions: Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is an attractive alternative to balanced general anesthesia due to the better hemodynamic response and the quick recovery that this technique offers. Moreover, Atropine use before the procedure is a measure that could benefit patients

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Clinical efficacy and safety of bone cement combined with radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of spinal metastases

BMC Neurology ◽

10.1186/s12883-020-01998-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nanning Lv ◽

Rui Geng ◽

Feng Ling ◽

Zhangzhe Zhou ◽

Mingming Liu

Keyword(s):

Radiofrequency Ablation ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Recurrence Rate ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Spinal Metastases ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Tumor Recurrence Rate

Abstract Background To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of bone cement combined with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of spinal metastases. Methods The medical records of patients with spinal metastatic tumor admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on different surgical methods, the patients were divided into groups A (treated with RFA combined with bone cement) and B (treated with bone cement only). Group A included 35 patients with 47 segments of diseased vertebral bodies. Group B consisted of 52 patients with 78 vertebral segments. Pain, quality of life score, vertebra height, bone cement leakage, postoperative tumor recurrence, and complications were assessed 3 days and 1 and 6 months after surgery. Results All the patients had smooth operation without paraplegia, spinal cord injury, and perioperative death. Visual analogue scales (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores of the two groups significantly improved 3 days and 1 month after surgery compared with those before surgery (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Six months after surgery, the VAS and ODI scores of patients in group A were lower than those in group B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The postoperative vertebral body height of the two groups significantly increased compared with that before surgery, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, no significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postoperative bone cement permeability in group A was 6.4%, and postoperative tumor recurrence rate was 11.4%. The permeability of bone cement in group B was 20.5%, and the tumor recurrence rate was 30.8%. The bone cement permeability and tumor recurrence rate in group A were lower than those in group B, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions Bone cement combined with RFA for the treatment of spinal metastases can achieve good efficacy, desirable analgesic effect, low incidence of complications, small surgical trauma, and high safety. The proposed method has the value of clinical popularization and application.

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Long-term Follow-up of Pediatric Benign Cerebellar Astrocytomas

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/neu.0b013e31822ff0ed ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 40-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Hideki Ogiwara ◽

Robin M. Bowman ◽

Tadanori Tomita

Keyword(s):

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Spontaneous Regression ◽

Residual Tumor ◽

Subtotal Resection ◽

Total Resection ◽

Postoperative Imaging ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Abstract BACKGROUND The long-term prognosis of cerebellar astrocytomas needs to be reviewed. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the factors influencing tumor recurrence or progression and to determine how long these patient with cerebellar astrocytomas require surveillance with neuroimaging. METHODS A retrospective review of 101 children surgically treated for a cerebellar astrocytoma and followed up for < 10 years was performed. RESULTS Mean follow-up was 18.4 years. Total resection confirmed by postoperative imaging was performed in 51 patients (50.5%; group A). Twenty-three patients (22.8%) had surgical total resection; however, equivocal residual tumor was found on postoperative imaging (group B). Subtotal resection leaving a portion of brainstem or cerebellar peduncle was performed in 27 patients (26.7; group C). Of these 50 residual tumors, 16 (32%) showed spontaneous regression and 8 (16%) showed arrested growth. Radiographic recurrence or progression was noted in 29 patients (28.7%). Only 3 of 51 patients (5.9%) of group A with total resection had recurrence, whereas 26 of 50 residual tumors (52%; groups B and C) progressed. The only factor affecting recurrence or progression by multivariate analysis was the extent of surgical resection. All tumor recurrence or progression except for 1 (96.6%) occurred within 8 years from the original surgery (range, 2–132 months). CONCLUSIONS Overall prognosis of cerebellar astrocytomas is good; the 10-year survival rate was 100% and recurrence- or progression-free rate was 71.3% in our cohort. Almost half of residual tumors showed spontaneous regression or arrested growth in the long term. Eight to 10 years is considered to be a reasonable follow-up period by neuroimaging.

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Preservation of long-term neurocognitive function by hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases.

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.2019.5.suppl.124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (suppl) ◽

pp. 124-124

Author(s):

Buhai Wang ◽

Shiwei Fu ◽

Yuxiang Huang

Keyword(s):

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Whole Brain Radiotherapy ◽

Neurocognitive Function ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Brain Radiotherapy ◽

Hippocampal Avoidance ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

124 Background: To investigate the preservation of long-term neurocognitive function in patients after hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy (HA-WBRT). Methods: For the retrospective analysis, 50 patients diagnosed with brain metastases were selected and divided into two groups from 2015-01-01 to 2017-12-31 at the Department of Oncology, Jiangsu Subei People's Hospital. Group A (n=27) was hippocampal avoidance whole-brain radiotherapy group; group B (n=23) was whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) group. Neurocognitive function was statistically analyzed at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 months after radiotherapy, as scored by the MMSE (Mine-Mental State Examination) scales and the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scales. The OS, PFS and tumor recurrence sites of the two groups was also analyzed. Results: After 12, 24 months after radiotherapy, there was a significant difference between the two groups. The cognitive function of the hippocampal protection group was significantly higher than that of the non-hippocampal protection group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in OS (P=0.2) and PFS (P=0.18) between the two groups. 14 patents in group A and 12 patents in group B had brain tumor recurrence after radiation, only one patient in group A occurred 5 mm within the edge of the hippocampus (P>0.05). Conclusions: First, HA-WBRT has a protective effect on long-term neurocognitive function. Second, there was no statistically significant different on OS and PFS in patients who underwent HA-WBRT or WBRT. Third, HA-WBRT didn’t increase the risk of brain tumor recurrence within the edge of the hippocampus.

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Outcome of Obturator Nerve Block by Inguinal and Transvesical Approach in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor

Bangladesh Journal of Urology ◽

10.3329/bju.v23i2.50301 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 118-123

Author(s):

Md Mahmud Ur Rahman ◽

Md Shafiqul Alam Chowdhury ◽

Md Amanur Rasul ◽

Sudip Das Gupta ◽

Mohammed Mizanur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Nerve Block ◽

Transurethral Resection ◽

Bladder Tumor ◽

Bladder Wall ◽

Obturator Nerve ◽

Obturator Nerve Block ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Transvesical Approach ◽

Group B

Introduction and aim of the study : Spinal anaesthesia for transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) does not prevent unintended stimulation of the obturator nerve when electro resection is performed on the lateral and Postero-lateral wall of the bladder. It results in muscle contraction of the adductor muscles of the thigh, which may lead to perforation of bladder wall with the resectoscope loop. The aim of the study was to compare the outcome of obturator nerve block by inguinal and transvesical approach. Materials and Methods: A prospective experimental study was done in the department of Urology Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of November 2016 to April 2018. Total 60 Patients were included for the study as per inclusion and exclusion Criteria. Patients were than allocated purposively into two groups by simple random sampling. Group A consisted of 30 patients where obturator nerve block (ONB) was done by transvesical approach and Group B also consisted of 30 patients where ONB was done by inguinal approach. Results: In the present study, the baseline characteristics of the patients in Group-A and Group-B were almost similar having no statistically significant difference. Obturator jerk more frequently occurred in group-B, in 13 (56.37%) patients following TURBT compared to Group-A, where 05(16.67%) patients developed obturator jerk. The intergroup difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). In case of 26 (86.67%) patients tumour was completely resectable in group-A, while in 21 (70.00%) patients of Group- B tumour was completely resectable. This was not a statistically significant difference (P>0.05). There was no incidence of bladder wall perforation in group-A, wherears this complication occurred in 02 (06.67%) cases of Group-B (p>0.05). Mean operative time in Group-A and group-B is 50.46 (±11.64) and 59.10 (±15.83) respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that transvesical approach is better in case of Jerk elimination and Less Procedure related time than inguinal approach during TURBT Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 23, No. 2, July 2020 p.118-123

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Ideal timing of indwelling catheter removal after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy with a running barbed suture technique: a prospective analysis of 425 consecutive patients

World Journal of Urology ◽

10.1007/s00345-019-03001-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 38 (9) ◽

pp. 2177-2183

Author(s):

Sebastian Lenart ◽

Ingrid Berger ◽

Judith Böhler ◽

Reinhard Böhm ◽

Georg Gutjahr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Acute Urinary Retention ◽

Suture Technique ◽

Catheter Removal ◽

Barbed Suture ◽

Robot Assisted ◽

Indwelling Catheter ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Objective To compare prospectively early outcome and complications of catheter removal after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) on the 4th or 7th day with a standardized running barbed suture technique. Introduction The time point of removing the indwelling catheter after RARP mainly depends on institute’s/surgeon’s preferences. Removal should be late enough to avoid urinary leakage and complications such as acute urinary retention (AUR) but early enough to avoid unnecessary catheter indwelling. Materials and methods A consecutive single-institutional series of patients underwent RARP between July 2015 and August 2017 and were entered in a prospectively maintained data base. Between July 2015 and December 2016 a cystogram was performed on 7th postoperative day (group A), thereafter the cystogram was performed on 4th postoperative day (group B). Incidence of acute urinary retention (AUR), urinary tract infections (UTI) and adverse events between the two cohorts was compared. Results 425 patients were analyzed (group A: n = 231; group B: n = 194). Both cohorts were comparable regarding demographic and oncological parameters. Watertight anastomosis was present in 84.8% in group A and in 82.5% in group B, respectively. AUR within 4 weeks after RARP occurred in 2.2% (n = 3) in A and 9.4% (n = 15) in B (p = 0.001). AUR within 72 h after catheter removal occurred in group A: 1% (n = 2) and in group B: 6.3% (n = 10) (p = 0.005). Symptomatic urinary tract infections occurred in 8.2% (n = 16) in group A and in 6.9% (n = 11) in group B. There were no differences in the rate of secondary anastomosis dehiscence. Age, BMI, prostate size, surgeon, or intraoperative bladder neck reconstruction were not correlated to the occurrence of AUR or UTI. Conclusions The removal of indwelling catheter on day 4 after a RARP with a running barbed suture shows similar anastomosis leakage rates as on the 7th postoperative day. However, AUR rates are higher for early removal. Patients scheduled for early removal should be carefully informed about the increased risk for AUR. Catheter indwelling time does not represent a risk factor for UTI.

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Randomized study of intravesical chemotherapy using pirarubicin in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in Japan: Comparing one immediate postoperative intravesical chemotherapy with short-term adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy after TURBT: Subanalysis in patients with intermediate risk.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.4536 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 4536-4536

Author(s):

Yoshio Naya ◽

Kazuya Mikami ◽

Natsuki Takaha ◽

Koji Okihara ◽

Tsuneharu Miki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Intravesical Instillation ◽

Intravesical Chemotherapy ◽

Rank Test ◽

Intermediate Risk ◽

Recurrence Free Survival ◽

Free Survival ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

4536 Background: The objective is to evaluate the efficacy defining of 2-year tumor recurrence free rate of intravesical chemotherapy using pirarubicin (THP) for patients with intermediate risk. Methods: Between October 2010 and January 2015, 206 patients were enrolled in this study and finally 113 were randomized to one immediate postoperative intravesical instillation of THP 30mg (Group A), or additional intravesical instillation of THP 30mg weekly for 8 weeks after single postoperative instillation (Group B). The recurrent risk was stratified using EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, the 2009 update. Of 113, 100 with intermediate risk were analyzed in this study. The patients were examined by cystoscopy and urine cytology every 3 months after trans urethral resection to determine bladder tumor recurrence. The primary endpoint was 2 year-recurrence-free survival rates. A statistical analysis was performed by SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA). Results: The 2-year recurrence free survival rates were 66.2% in Group A and 86.1% in Group B, respectively (log rank test, p = 0.0043). In patients with recurrence score between 5 and 9, the 2-year recurrence free survival was 92.3% in Group B and 22.2% in Group A (log rank test, p = 0.0013). Cox regression analysis revealed that only additional instillation of THP was significant independent factor for recurrence free rate in patients with intermediate risk. There was no patient with progression during this period. Frequent adverse effects were frequent urination and micturition pain without severe adverse effect (Grade 3 or more). Limitation of this study is a failure to enroll sufficient number for statistical analysis. Conclusions: Additional instillation of THP 30mg weekly for 8 weeks reduced the risk of tumor recurrence without severe toxicity in NMIBC patients with intermediate recurrent risk.

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Comparison of Nasopharyngeal Airway Device and Nasal Oxygen Tube in Obese Patients Undergoing Intravenous Anesthesia for Gastroscopy: A Prospective and Randomized Study

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/2641257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qiansong Xiao ◽

Yingying Yang ◽

Yinbin Zhou ◽

Yan Guo ◽

Xing Ao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Randomized Study ◽

Assisted Ventilation ◽

Airway Device ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Intravenous Anesthesia ◽

Nasopharyngeal Airway ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective. This prospective and randomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the nasopharyngeal airway relative to the nasal oxygen tube in obese patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.Materials and Methods. Obese patients (BMI≥28 kg/m2;n=260) were randomly and equally apportioned to the nasopharyngeal airway (Group A) or nasal oxygen tube (Group B) group. Three patients were excluded due to failure of insertion of the nasopharyngeal airway. The duration of endoscopy, anesthetic dose, recovery time, and adverse events were recorded. The satisfaction of the anesthetist, physicians, and patient was scored.Results. The SpO2reduction was significantly less in Group A than in Group B. Use of a respirator for assisted ventilation occurred significantly less in Group A. The groups were similar regarding mean arterial pressure, heart rate, anesthetic dose, duration of gastroscopy, recovery time, and adverse events. Satisfaction of the physician and anesthetist was greater in Group A; the groups were similar in patient satisfaction.Conclusions. Use of the nasopharyngeal airway for obese patients during painless gastroscopy resulted in less SpO2reduction relative to the nasal oxygen tube. Altogether, it is a safe and effective device for obese patients undergoing painless gastroscopy.

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