scholarly journals Distinction of High- and Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Functional Reorganization of the Motor Network in Stroke Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Guo ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Xi Bai ◽  
Binghu Jiang ◽  
Lin He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Motor Improvement

Objective. To investigate the functional reorganization of the motor network after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in stroke patients with motor dysfunction and the distinction between high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) and low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS). Methods. Thirty-three subcortical stroke patients were enrolled and assigned to the HF-rTMS group, LF-rTMS group, and sham group. Each patient of rTMS groups received either 10.0 Hz rTMS over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (M1) or 1.0 Hz rTMS over the contralesional M1 for 10 consecutive days. A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan and neurological examinations were performed at baseline and after rTMS. The motor network and functional connectivities intramotor network with the core brain regions including the bilateral M1, premotor area (PMA), and supplementary motor area (SMA) were calculated. Comparisons of functional connectivities and Pearson correlation analysis between functional connectivity changes and behavioral improvement were calculated. Results. Significant motor improvement was found after rTMS in all groups which was larger in two rTMS groups than in the sham group. The functional connectivities of the motor network were significantly increased in bilateral M1, SMA, and contralesional PMA after real rTMS. These changes were only detected in the regions of the ipsilesional hemisphere in the HF-rTMS group and in the regions of the contralesional hemisphere in the LF-rTMS group. Significantly changed functional connectivities of the intramotor network were found between the ipsilesional M1 and SMA and contralesional PMA, between contralesional M1 and contralesional SMA, between contralesional SMA and ipsilesional SMA and contralesional PMA in the HF-rTMS group in which the changed connectivity between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional PMA was obviously correlated with the motor improvement. In addition, the functional connectivity of the intramotor network between ipsilesional M1 and contralesional PMA was significantly higher in the HF-rTMS group than in the LF-rTMS group. Conclusion. Both HF-rTMS and LF-rTMS have a positive effect on motor recovery in patients with subcortical stroke and could promote the reorganization of the motor network. HF-rTMS may contribute more to the functional connectivity reorganization of the ipsilesional motor network and realize greater benefit to the motor recovery.

scholarly journals Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Cognition, and Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorios Nasios ◽  
Lambros Messinis ◽  
Efthimios Dardiotis ◽  
Panagiotis Papathanasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Brain Volume Loss ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Role

Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects cognition in the majority of patients. A major aspect of the disease is brain volume loss (BVL), present in all phases and types (relapsing and progressive) of the disease and linked to both motor and cognitive disabilities. Due to the lack of effective pharmacological treatments for cognition, cognitive rehabilitation and other nonpharmacological interventions such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have recently emerged and their potential role in functional connectivity is studied. With recently developed advanced neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques, changes related to alterations of the brain’s functional connectivity can be detected. In this overview, we focus on the brain’s functional reorganization in MS, theoretical and practical aspects of rTMS utilization in humans, and its potential therapeutic role in treating cognitively impaired MS patients.

scholarly journals Effects of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation on spasticity and limb dyskinesia in patients with stroke

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawei Li ◽  
Aixia Cheng ◽  
Zhiyou Zhang ◽  
Yuqian Sun ◽  
Yingchun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Theta Burst Stimulation ◽  
Burst Stimulation ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Muscle Spasticity ◽  
Theta Burst ◽  
Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation

Abstract Background Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to treat muscle spasticity in post-stroke patients. The purpose of this study was to explore whether combined low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) and cerebellar continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) could provide better relief than different modalities alone for muscle spasticity and limb dyskinesia in stroke patients. Methods This study recruited ninety stroke patients with hemiplegia, who were divided into LF-rTMS+cTBS group (n=30), LF-rTMS group (n=30) and cTBS group (three pulse bursts at 50 Hz, n=30). The LF-rTMS group received 1 Hz rTMS stimulation of the motor cortical (M1) region on the unaffected side of the brain, the cTBS group received cTBS stimulation to the cerebellar region, and the LF-rTMS+cTBS group received 2 stimuli as described above. Each group received 4 weeks of stimulation followed by rehabilitation. Muscle spasticity, motor function of limb and activity of daily living (ADL) were evaluated by modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores, respectively. Results The MAS score was markedly decreased, FMA and MBI scores were markedly increased in the three groups after therapy than before therapy. In addition, after therapy, LF-rTMS+cTBS group showed lower MAS score, higher FMA and MBI scores than the LF-rTMS group and cTBS group. Conclusion Muscle spasticity and limb dyskinesia of the three groups are all significantly improved after therapy. Combined LF-rTMS and cTBS treatment is more effective in improving muscle spasticity and limb dyskinesia of patients after stroke than LF-rTMS and cTBS treatment alone.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with cognitive training on resting-state brain activity in Alzheimer’s disease

2022 ◽  
pp. 197140092110674
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Qin ◽  
Fengxia Zhang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Wenzhen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Real Group

Objectives Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising tool to modulate brain plasticity, but the neural basis has been little addressed. The purpose was to investigate the effects of rTMS on resting-state brain activity in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods Seventeen patients with mild or moderate AD were enrolled and randomly divided into one of the two intervention groups: (1) real rTMS combined with cognitive training (real group, n = 9); (2) sham rTMS with cognitive training (sham group, n = 8). 10 Hz rTMS was used to stimulate the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and then the left lateral temporal lobe for 20 min each day for 4 weeks. Each patient underwent neuropsychological assessment and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) before and after treatment. The fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) of rsfMRI data in real group were: (1) compared to sham; (2) correlated with rTMS-induced cognitive alterations. Results Significantly increased fALFF in right cerebellum/declive, left lingual/cuneus and left cingulate gyrus, as well as decreased fALFF in left middle frontal gyrus were found after 10 Hz rTMS, but not after sham stimulation. Using these suprathreshold regions, we found that rTMS increased functional connectivity between the right cerebellum/declive and left precentral/postcentral gyrus. The fALFF increase in left lingual/cuneus and right cerebellum/declive was associated with significant improvement in cognitive function. Conclusions rTMS combined with cognitive training induced increased low frequency fluctuation neural oscillations and functional connectivity in brain regions subserving cognition, suggesting a possible neuronal mechanism of the beneficial effects of rTMS.

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