scholarly journals Precipitation Reaction Mechanisms of Mineral Deposits Simulated with a Fluid Mixing Model

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Runsheng Han ◽  
Xing Ding ◽  
Yurong Wang ◽  
Pingtang Wei
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Sulfide Precipitation

Nonmagmatic, carbonate-hosted epigenetic hydrothermal Pb–Zn deposits similar to those at the Huize Pb–Zn Mine are widespread across the Sichuan–Yunnan–Guizhou (SYG) polymetallic province. The precipitation mechanisms of these geologically intriguing deposits are an area of interest for many researchers. To simulate the underlying precipitation reaction mechanisms and dynamics of each aspect, a fluid mixing model for metal sulfide precipitation was used in a series of experiments, where solutions that contain Pb/Zn chloride complexes and sulfide were subjected to pH changes, water-rock reactions, and dilutions. Based on the results of these experiments, thermodynamic phase diagrams, and other experimental findings, a fluid mixing genetic model was developed for SYG Pb–Zn deposits, and this model was used to analyze the mechanisms of metal sulfide precipitation. The results indicate that acidic fluids in the form of chloride complexes transported Pb and Zn, whereas sulfide exists in the form of H2S within these fluids. The precipitation of metal sulfides occurs when these fluids undergo changes in pH, water-rock reactions, or isothermal dilution. The pH changes were found to be the most effective method for the induction of sulfide precipitation, followed by dilution and then water-rock reactions. The formation of sulfide precipitates due to pH changes, water-rock reactions, and dilution can be attributed to a single mechanism, i.e., changes in the pH of the fluid. Therefore, changes in pH are the primary mechanism of sulfide precipitation.

Illite-smectites and the influence of burial diagenesis on the geochemical cycling of nitrogen

Clay Minerals ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Schroeder ◽  
A. A. McLain
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Precipitation Reaction ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Burial Diagenesis ◽  
Fixed Nitrogen ◽  
Geochemical Cycling ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
Fraction Increase ◽  
Changing Rate

AbstractFixed nitrogen in illite-smectites (I-S) has been measured for Miocene shales from a Gulf of Mexico oil well. Fixed N values for the <0.2 µm fraction increase with depth from 150 ppm (1000 m) to a maximum of 360 ppm (3841 m). This increase is coincident with illitization from 41% I in I-S to 75% I in I-S. Below 3841 m, fixed N values decrease to 190 ppm (4116 m) while I-S is maintained with a slight increase from 77 to 82%. The changes in fixed N with increasing illitization are consistent with the notion that illitization proceeds via both transformation and dissolution/ precipitation reaction mechanisms. The trend of decreasing fixed N in illitic I-S is compatible with surface-controlled crystal growth and Ostwald ripening mechanisms for illitization. The trend may also be linked to the timing of maximum NH] release from kerogen maturation during oil generation. The changing rate of NH+4 liberation from organic matter and multiple illitization reaction mechanisms can result in complex N geochemical cycling pathways throughout early diagenesis to metamorphism.

Olympic Dam ore genesis; a fluid-mixing model

1995 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Haynes ◽  
Ken C. Cross ◽  
Robert T. Bills ◽  
Mark H. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Model ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Ore Genesis ◽  
Olympic Dam ◽  
Genesis A

Effect of solution chemistry on particle characteristics during metal sulfide precipitation

2010 ◽  
Vol 351 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Mokone ◽  
R.P. van Hille ◽  
A.E. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Particle Characteristics ◽  
Sulfide Precipitation

Development of a networks-of-zones fluid mixing model for an unbaffled stirred vessel used for precipitation

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 2852-2863 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kagoshima ◽  
R. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Model ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Stirred Vessel

scholarly journals Hypozonal gold mineralisation in shear zone hosted deposits driven by fault valve action and fluid mixing: the Nalunaq deposit, Greenland

2021 ◽  
pp. SP516-2021-38
Author(s):  
Martin Smith ◽  
David Banks ◽  
Santanu Ray ◽  
Francis Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pressure Cycling ◽  
Seismic Slip ◽  
Vein Formation ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Fault Valve

AbstractThe Nalunaq deposit, Greenland, is a hypozonal, shear zone-hosted, Au deposit. The shear zone has previously been interpreted to have undergone 4 stages of deformation, accompanied by fluid flow,and vein formation. Coupled with previous trapping T estimates, fluid inclusion data are consistent with trapping of fluids with salinities between 28-45 wt. % NaCl eq., from 300-475°C during D2 and D3, with pressure varying between ∼800 and 100Mpa. The range reflects pressure cycling during seismic slip related depressurisation events. D4 fluids were lower salinity and trapped from 200-300°C, at ∼50-200Mpa during late stage normal faulting. The variation in major element chemistry is consistent with ingress of hypersaline, granitoid equilibrated fluids into the shear zone system and mixing with fluids that had reacted with the host metamorphic rocks. D4 stage fluids represent ingress of meteoric fluids into the system. Gold contents in inclusion fluids range from ∼300-10mg/kg. These data are consistent with the high P-T solubility of Au as AuHS(H2S)30 complexes, and Au deposition by decompression and cooling. The high salinities also suggest Au transport as chloride complexes may have been possible. Gold distribution was modified by the release of chemically bound or nanoscale Au during sulphide oxidation at the D4 stage.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5635812

Comparison of a networks-of-zones fluid mixing model for a baffled stirred vessel with three-dimensional electrical resistance tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 104014 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Rodgers ◽  
F R Siperstein ◽  
R Mann ◽  
T A York ◽  
A Kowalski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Electrical Resistance Tomography ◽  
Stirred Vessel

Rates of sulfate reduction and metal sulfide precipitation in a permeable reactive barrier

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.G Benner ◽  
D.W Blowes ◽  
C.J Ptacek ◽  
K.U Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barrier ◽  
Reactive Barrier ◽  
Sulfide Precipitation

An efficient multi-fluid-mixing model for real gas reacting flows in liquid propellant rocket engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 98-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Banuti ◽  
Volker Hannemann ◽  
Klaus Hannemann ◽  
Bernhard Weigand
Keyword(s):  
Reacting Flows ◽  
Mixing Model ◽  
Fluid Mixing ◽  
Rocket Engines ◽  
Liquid Propellant ◽  
Real Gas ◽  
Propellant Rocket

Metal sulfide precipitation coupled with membrane filtration process for recovering copper from acid mine drainage

2021 ◽  
pp. 118721
Author(s):  
Katherine Menzel ◽  
Lorena Barros ◽  
Andreina García ◽  
René Ruby-Figueroa ◽  
Humberto Estay
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfide Precipitation
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