Numerical study of the Effect of CO2 on the NH3/CH4 Counterflow Diffusion Flame in O2/CO2/N2 Atmosphere

Ammonia, as a carbon-neutral fuel, draws people attentions recently. NH3/CH4 blends is considered as a kind of fuel. A numerical simulation of the effects of CO2 dilution on the combustion characteristics and NO emission of NH3/CH4 counterflow diffusion flame was conducted in this study. Diffusion flame structure, the influence of CO2 radiation characteristics on temperature and NO emission characteristics were studies at normal temperature and pressure. The dilution and radiation of CO2 reduce the flame temperature significantly. NO concentration decreased with the CO2 mole fraction increase effectively. The study extends the basic combustion characteristics of NH3 containing fuel.

Effect of EGR on Performances and Emissions of DI Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Plastic Oil: CDF Approach

Recently, there is an increasing interest in the pyrolysis of waste plastic into usable fuel as a friendly environment method for waste plastic disposal. The existing literature from various studies stated that the major problem related to the use of WPO in diesel engines is the high NOx emissions level. This paper aims to remedy this problem by suggesting the best EGR percentage with the advanced optimum injection timing. Primary, 5 EGR percentage fractions are considered: 0%, 5%, 15%, 20% and 25% percent. The results showed that 25% is the best percentage regarding emissions. However, a significant reduction in mean in-cylinder pressure, temperature, and heat release rate was depicted with the EGR fraction increase. Injection timing is advanced to recoup the decrease in performance. The results showed that 25% of EGR and advanced injection timing by 5 degrees would be better for performances and emissions of DI diesel engine while running with waste plastic oil as an alternative fuel.

FEED ADDITIVES WITH SORPTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES FOR IMMUNE STATUS CORRECTION AND PRODUCTIVITY INCREASE OF CATTLE IN CASE OF BULK FEEDING TYPE

The article presents results of studies on correction of silage and haylage rations of young fattening cattle and lactating cows by using sorbing, sorption- probiotic and antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements. The application of such feed additives as Koretron and Biokoretron-forte in hay rations of fattening cattle in the amount of 1.1 % of its dry matter stimulates protein-synthesizing liver function, which is shown by concentration increase of total protein in blood serum of young animals in the experimental groups compared to the control (by 3, 97 and 5.01 %) albumin (6.21 and 9.34 %) and alpha globulins (9.26 and 16.74 %), concentration increase of immunoglobulins of A, M, G classes, all these parametres are reflected in an increase of average daily gains by 11.75 and 14.73 %. Adding the antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplement Lipovitam-beta to silage rations of cows at a dose of 4 g every 5 days increases their productivity by 7.41 %, which is also confirmed by an increase of serum protein concentration in their blood (by 2.04 %), besides, there is a significant increase of globulins by 3.52 % in the fractional spectrum, the fraction increase of gamma globulins (by 4.69 %), which carry the main load for formation of antibodies, is especially pronounced. The application of Lipovitam - beta has an immunostimulating effect during the period of late pregnancy of cows (7-8 months of pregnancy), which is confirmed by a significant increase of immunoglobulins of A, M and G classes in blood serum, by 8.38 %; 9.37 % and 13.01 %, respectively. Cow reproduction rates are improved

Atomistic Simulation of the Strain Driven Phase Transition in Pure Iron Thin Films Containing Twin Boundaries

Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the strain-induced phase transitions in pure body-centered-cubic (bcc) iron (Fe) thin films containing twin boundaries (TBs) with different TB fractions and orientations are studied. Two groups of bcc thin films with different TB-surface orientation relationships are designed. In film group 1, the (112) [ 11 1 ¯ ] TBs are perpendicular to the ( 11 1 ¯ ) free surfaces, while the (112) [ 11 1 ¯ ] TBs are parallel to the free surfaces in film group 2. We vary the TB numbers inserted into the films to study the effect of TB fraction on the phase transition. Biaxial strains are applied to the films to induce the bcc to close packed (cp) phase transition. The critical strain, at which the first phase transition takes place, decreases with the TB fraction increase in film group 1 with a perpendicular TB-surface orientation, while such a relationship is not observed in film group 2 with parallel TB-surface orientation. We focus on the free surface and TB as the nucleation positions of the new phase and the afterward growth. In addition, the dynamics of the phase transition is discussed. This work may help to understand the mechanism of phase transition in nanoscale or surface-dominant systems with pre-existing defects.

Effect of Surface Roughness on Hydrogen-Induced Blister Behavior in Pure Iron

The effect of surface roughness on hydrogen-induced blister behavior in pure iron was explored using optical microscopy and microcomputerized tomography. Hydrogen was introduced into the samples by electrochemical precharging methods with various hydrogen charging times. It is found that grinded surface exhibits higher roughness and compressive residual stress compared to those of polished surface. With increasing hydrogen charging time, hydrogen-induced blister height, blister width and blister area fraction increase, regardless of the grinded surface and polished surface. Further, hydrogen blister height and width of grinded surface are comparative to polished surface under the same hydrogen charging time. However, the blister area fraction and the number of blister on polished surface are considerably higher than the grinded surface, indicating that polished surface is more susceptible to the formation of blisters than that of grinded surface, both of surface and interior of the samples. This is dominantly rationalized in terms of the suppression effect of hydrogen invasion in grinded surfaces due to their higher residual compressive stress and higher dislocation density.

Study of Light Scattering by TiO2, Ag, and SiO2 Nanofluids with Particle Diameters of 20-60 nm

In this research, we detailed how the following factors affect the scattering of light by nanofluids: (1) nanoparticle sizes, (2) volume fraction of nanoparticles, and (3) nanoparticle materials. Mie theory was used to calculate the radiative properties of the nanofluids. The radiative properties were then applied into the Radiative Transfer Equation (RTE) to solve for the transmittance and reflectance of light through the nanofluids. The RTE was solved using the Monte Carlo method. Results showed that when the size of nanoparticles and the volume fraction increase, absorption and scattering coefficients increase as well. For silver nanofluids, absorption and scattering coefficients decrease beyond nanoparticle size of about 50 nm. Transmittance of light decreased when nanoparticle sizes increased. When comparing between TiO2, Ag, and SiO2 nanofluids, Ag nanofluids exhibit the highest light absorption followed by TiO2 and SiO2.

INVESTIGATION OF Pt:MgO COMPOSITE FILMS PREPARED BY MAGNETRON SPUTTERING AND PULSED LASER CO-DEPOSITION METHOD

Pt:MgO composite films are prepared on quartz substrates at room temperature by magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser co-deposition (MSPLC) method, in which the volume ratio of the composite film can be easily controlled by MSPLC method. The sample with Pt volume percents of 40%, 50%, 60% and 70% are prepared, and all the samples are further annealed at 800∘C for 30[Formula: see text]min. Impacts of Pt content on the structural and physical properties have been investigated. Pt (111), (002) and (220) peaks can be observed, and the peak intensity increases with the increase of Pt content, as can be seen from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that the size and density of grains increase and the distance between grains is decreased with the volume fraction increase. Significant absorption peaks were observed for different volume percentage of Pt:MgO composite film. Absorption peaks can be observed at 200, 220, 250 and 275[Formula: see text]nm, corresponding to Pt volume percents of 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%, respectively. The observed red shift of the absorption peak can be mainly related to the increase of Pt grain sizes.

Influence of Adenosine-5-Triphosphogluconate-Magnesium Trisodium Salt and Levocarnitine on Clinical Course, Structural and Functional Changes and Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients with Myocardial Infarction

Modern strategies of STEMI/NSTEMI management, that include revascularization by coronary stenting, bypass grafting, nowadays are used in 30-40% of urgent patients of such category. The prevalent part of patients is treated by administration of the optimal drug therapy. The objective of the research was to study the influence of adenosine-5-triphosphogluconate-magnesium trisodium salt and levocarnitine on the clinical course of STEMI/NSTEMI. Materials and methods. 100 patients with STEMI/NSTEMI were included into the research. Depending on the therapy scheme, patients were divided into three groups and the control one. Determination of the key parameters was performed initially after hospitalization and at the day of patient discharge. Results. Promising results were shown while slowing the myocardial fibrosing. Limiting of the infarcted and `stunned` myocardium area resulted in ejection fraction increase, increase of the myocardial reserve, measured by echocardiographic indexes. Conclusions. Decreasing of myocardial fibrosing can be potentiated by the pharmacological postconditioning as well as limiting of the necrotic myocardium area and increase of viable myocardium area. Pharmacological postconditioning is effective and save, that can be proved by the absence of any serious complications.

Effect of industrial powder on mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite

In the present study, composites were prepared by Hand lay-up molding and investigated. The composites constituents were epoxy resin as the matrix, 6% volume fractions of Glass Fibers (G.F) as reinforcement and 3%, 6% of industrial powder (Calcium Carbonate CaCO3, Potassium Carbonate K2CO3 and Sodium Carbonate Na2CO3) as filler. Density, water absorption, hardness test, flexural strength, shear stress measurements and tests were conducted to reveal their values for each type of composite material. The results showed that the non – reinforced epoxy have lower properties than composites material. Measured density results had show an incremental increase with volume fraction increase and water absorption, hardness, flexural strength and shear stress results had show an incremental increase with volume fraction increase and with smaller particle size.